以废弃的油茶果壳为原料,通过炭化及NaOH活化等工艺可以制备出具有高比表面积和优异吸附性能的油茶果壳活性炭。然而较高的炭化温度不仅造成能源的浪费,而且可能导致油茶果壳活性炭结构及吸附性能的大大减弱;因此,优化油茶果壳活性炭制...以废弃的油茶果壳为原料,通过炭化及NaOH活化等工艺可以制备出具有高比表面积和优异吸附性能的油茶果壳活性炭。然而较高的炭化温度不仅造成能源的浪费,而且可能导致油茶果壳活性炭结构及吸附性能的大大减弱;因此,优化油茶果壳活性炭制备工艺,对提高其吸附性能及废弃油茶果壳的增值化利用非常重要。采用单因素实验法探究了炭化温度和NaOH用量等制备条件对油茶果壳活性炭得率、结构及吸附性能的影响,结合扫描电镜(SEM)分析和X射线衍射(XRD)分析对油茶果壳活性炭的结构和微观形貌进行了评价。研究结果表明,随着炭化温度的升高,炭化物得率不断降低,活性炭吸附性能先略微升高后逐渐下降;随着NaOH用量的增加,活性炭得率不断降低,其吸附性能先上升后略有下降。在较佳的工艺条件(炭化温度290℃、碱炭质量比3∶1)下制备的油茶果壳活性炭的比表面积为2329.1 m 2/g,亚甲基蓝吸附量和脱除率分别为1573.6 mg/g和98.3%。SEM结果表明,所制备的活性炭具有良好的多孔结构,在孔壁上广泛分布有微小的孔道;XRD结果表明,油茶果壳活性炭具有较低的石墨化程度。本研究采用较低的炭化温度和较低的NaOH用量制备出了性能优异的油茶果壳活性炭,对油茶果壳的高值化利用具有重要意义。展开更多
The local damages such as knots,decay, and cracks can be translated into a reduction of service life due to mechanical and environmental loadings.In wood construction,it is very important to evaluate the weakest locat...The local damages such as knots,decay, and cracks can be translated into a reduction of service life due to mechanical and environmental loadings.In wood construction,it is very important to evaluate the weakest location and detect damage at the earliest possible stage to avoid the future catastrophic failure.In this study,the modal testing was operated on wood beams to generate the first two mode shapes.A novel statistical algorithm was proposed to extract the damage indicator by computing the modal flexibility curvature before and after damage in timbers.The different damage severities,damage locations,and damage counts were simulated by removing mass from intact beams to verify the algorithm.The results showed that the proposed statistical algorithm was effective and suitable to the designed damage scenarios.It was reliable to detect and locate local damages under different severities,locations,and counts.The peak values of the damage indicators computed from the first two mode shapes were sensitive to different damage severities and locations.They were also reliable to detect the multiple damages.展开更多
文摘以废弃的油茶果壳为原料,通过炭化及NaOH活化等工艺可以制备出具有高比表面积和优异吸附性能的油茶果壳活性炭。然而较高的炭化温度不仅造成能源的浪费,而且可能导致油茶果壳活性炭结构及吸附性能的大大减弱;因此,优化油茶果壳活性炭制备工艺,对提高其吸附性能及废弃油茶果壳的增值化利用非常重要。采用单因素实验法探究了炭化温度和NaOH用量等制备条件对油茶果壳活性炭得率、结构及吸附性能的影响,结合扫描电镜(SEM)分析和X射线衍射(XRD)分析对油茶果壳活性炭的结构和微观形貌进行了评价。研究结果表明,随着炭化温度的升高,炭化物得率不断降低,活性炭吸附性能先略微升高后逐渐下降;随着NaOH用量的增加,活性炭得率不断降低,其吸附性能先上升后略有下降。在较佳的工艺条件(炭化温度290℃、碱炭质量比3∶1)下制备的油茶果壳活性炭的比表面积为2329.1 m 2/g,亚甲基蓝吸附量和脱除率分别为1573.6 mg/g和98.3%。SEM结果表明,所制备的活性炭具有良好的多孔结构,在孔壁上广泛分布有微小的孔道;XRD结果表明,油茶果壳活性炭具有较低的石墨化程度。本研究采用较低的炭化温度和较低的NaOH用量制备出了性能优异的油茶果壳活性炭,对油茶果壳的高值化利用具有重要意义。
文摘The local damages such as knots,decay, and cracks can be translated into a reduction of service life due to mechanical and environmental loadings.In wood construction,it is very important to evaluate the weakest location and detect damage at the earliest possible stage to avoid the future catastrophic failure.In this study,the modal testing was operated on wood beams to generate the first two mode shapes.A novel statistical algorithm was proposed to extract the damage indicator by computing the modal flexibility curvature before and after damage in timbers.The different damage severities,damage locations,and damage counts were simulated by removing mass from intact beams to verify the algorithm.The results showed that the proposed statistical algorithm was effective and suitable to the designed damage scenarios.It was reliable to detect and locate local damages under different severities,locations,and counts.The peak values of the damage indicators computed from the first two mode shapes were sensitive to different damage severities and locations.They were also reliable to detect the multiple damages.
