Influence of reproductive tract obstruction on expression ）f epididymal proteins and their restoration after patency

Vasectomy is a simple and reliable method of male contraception. A growing number of men after vasectomy request vasectomy reversal due to various reasons. The pregnancy rate is lower than the patency rate after vasovasostomy and the pregnancy rate is time dependent. In this study, we evaluated the influence of reproductive tract obstruction on expression of epididymal proteins and their restoration after patency. Adult male Wistar rats were studied 30, 60 and 120 days after vasectomy, 30 days after vasovasostomy or after sham operations. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass-spectrometric technique, multidatabase search, Western blotting and real-time PCR were used to analyze the expression regulation of epididymal proteins. Total integrated intensity and total spot area of autoradiograms showed a consistent downward trend with time after obstruction, and this trend remained after patency. The intensity of the autoradiographic spots in three patency groups showed three trends： a downward trend, similar intensity and an upward trend compared with the correspondent obstruction group, respectively. Further verified experiments on human epididymis 2 （HE2）, fertilization antigen-1 （FA-1）, clusterin and PH20 demonstrated that compared with the correspondent obstruction group, the translation levels of HE2 and the mRNA transcription levels of HE2 showed an upward trend in patency groups, especially in the groups of obstruction for 60 days where the expression levels of HE2 were significantly upregulated after patency （P〈O.05）. Reproductive tract obstruction provokes a disregulation of gene expression in the epididymis and this disregulation remained after patency. Successful reversal may recover some proteins and the recovery is time dependent, Obstruction differentially alters mRNA transcription of different proteins and the content of proteins seemed to be easier to be influenced than the gene transcription.

Environment-Friendly Determination of Low Concentration Azobenzene β-Cyclodextrin-Modified Electrode

Objective To study environment-friendly determination of azobenzene in trace amounts using β-cyclodextrin （β-CD）-modified Au electrode. Methods β-CD-modified Au electrode was fabricated with a two-step approach, and then a gold electrode modified with β-CD was used to detect azobenzene by employing Osteryoung square wave voltammetry. Results The modified electrode could detect azobenzene, showing a good linearity between the electrochemical current and concentration. Conclusion Although the electrochemical current is related with concentration, the detection limit is around 1 .0 ×10^-10 mol/L. This study may provide a new environment-friendly approach for monitoring water quality.

Can the lower urinary tract storage symptoms be completely resolved after plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate？

The aim of this study was to determine whether the lower urinary tract storage symptoms of benign prostatic obstruction （BPO） could be completely resolved after plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate （PKEP） and the possible predictors of persistent symptoms. Two hundred and sixty-seven cases of BPO performed PKEP from July 2008 to June 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Five-year postoperative data were collected and compared with the preoperative data. According to the urodynamic results, the patients were divided into involuntary detrusor contraction （IDC） group （n = 95） and no IDC group （n = 172） preoperatively; the patients with IDC were divided into IDC-persistent group （n = 33） and IDC-resolved group （n = 62） after PKER The predictors of persistent IDC were analyzed. Compared with the preoperative data, the 5-year postoperative data showed that the IDC rate was lower （P --- 0.000）, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score （OABSS） was lower （P = 0.000）, maximum cystometric capacity （MCC） was larger （P= 0.000）, Prostate volume （PV） was smaller （P= 0.000）, and prostate-specific antigen （PSA） was lower （P= 0.000）. Compared with the no IDC group, the IDC group showed that the age was older （P = 0.016）, MCC was smaller （P = 0.004）, PSA was higher （P = 0.016）, and Chronic Inflammation rate was higher （P = 0.004）. Compared with IDC-resolved group after PKER IDC-persistent group showed that the age was older （P = 0.019）, MCC was smaller （P = 0.000）, PSA was higher （P = 0.013）, and Chronic Ihflammation rate was higher （P = 0.032）. The present study shows that the storage symptoms are still needed to be focused on after PKER The advanced patient age, MCC, PSA, and chronic inflammation may be the important clinical predictors of persistent IDC.