大球盖菇采后加工工艺研究进展及发展方向探讨

大球盖菇是联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAO)向发展中国家推荐栽培的食用菌品种,其营养物质含量丰富、栽培技术简单、生产成本低、经济效益高。近年来,大球盖菇栽培技术在国内发展迅速,市场前景广阔,但存在鲜品保存时间短、不易储存等问题,严重影响了产品的品质和销售。采用适宜的采后加工工艺可延长食用菌产品的保存期,拓宽销售渠道,均衡市场供应。通过对大球盖菇采后加工工艺的研究进展进行综述,并探讨其发展方向,为今后大球盖菇采后加工工艺的开发利用提供参考。

Different approaches for treating myopic choroidal neovascularization:a network Meta-analysis

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF),photodynamic therapy(PDT),and laser treatment(LT)for anatomical and functional improvement in myopic choroidal neovascularization(mCNV)patients.METHODS:Two researchers independently searched PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and other databases to screen studies comparing best-corrected vision acuity(BCVA)and foveal center thickness(FCT)changes after mCNV treatment.Post-treatment chorioretinal atrophy(CRA)is a secondary outcome indicator.The retrieval time limit is from the database construction to January 30,2023.RESULTS:A total of 1072 eyes in 16 articles were included.In the RCTs,intravitreal bevacizumab(IVB)and intravitreal ranibizumab(IVR)were superior to PDT(MD=0.18,95%CI:0.02,0.40,MD=0.18,95%CI:0.01,0.42)in improving BCVA of mCNV patients(P<0.05).The relative effectiveness in improving BCVA,from high to low,appeared to be IVR,intravitreal aflibercept(IVA),IVB,LT,PDT,and sham first followed by IVA(Sham/IVA).While improving the FCT from high to low was IVA,IVR,IVB,PDT.In retrospective studies,the results of BCVA after long-term treatment showed that all the therapeutic effects from high to low was IVA,intravitreal conbercept(IVC),IVR,IVB,IVB/IVR,PDT with IVB/IVR,PDT.The effect of improving FCT was IVA,IVR,IVC,PDT,and IVB from high to low.And in the effects of improving CRA,the IVB appeared to be higher than IVR,while the PDT was the smallest,but none of the differences in the results were statistically significant.CONCLUSION:Anti-VEGF has the best effect on longterm vision improvement in mCNV patients,using IVB or IVR alone to treat mCNV may be better than IVB or IVR combined with PDT.There is no significant difference in the improvement of visual acuity,macular edema,and CRA in mCNV patients treated with any different anti-VEGF drugs.

新型后房型有晶状体眼IOL植入术治疗伴有低度散光的高度近视

目的:观察伴有低度散光的高度近视眼患者行新型中央孔型有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体(ICMO V4c)植入术的疗效及安全性,以期为此类患者的临床诊疗提供参考。方法:分析2015-01/2016-12在我院接受ICMO V4c植入术伴有低度散光的高度近视眼患者的临床资料,术后对患者进行1、3、6mo随访,分析比较术前和术后裸眼视力(uncorrected visual acuity,UCVA)和最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)。比较术前和术后屈光度,球、柱镜及显性折射球面镜片等值(manifest refraction spherical equivalent,MRSE)。比较手术前后眼压、角膜内皮计数、前房深度、拱高和术后并发症情况。结果:患者术后UCVA和BCVA较术前均有所好转,手术前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有患眼术前球镜、柱镜和MRSE在手术后均有所降低,且三组患者手术前后比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=38.510、20.100、34.300,P<0.01)。患者术后1、3mo术眼平均眼压升高(t=3.998、2.837,P<0.05),但术后6mo恢复正常(t=0.383,P>0.05);患者术后3、6mo患眼角膜内皮计数较术前减少(t=2.119、2.411,P<0.05)。患者手术后6mo内前房深度一定程度减少,在术后6mo时较手术后有所恢复,但仍低于术前水平(t=5.850、5.260、2.556,P<0.05)。患者术后患眼拱高整体水平平稳,未见明显波动。手术眼术后并发症发生率较低,积极处理后均有明显改善。结论:新型后房型有晶状体眼IOL植入术治疗合并有低度散光的高度近视眼的治疗效果满意,且并发症较少,是角膜屈光手术的有利补充。

胃癌患者血清中MACC-1抗体和胃泌素G17联合检测及其临床意义

目的研究胃癌患者血清中MACC-1抗体和胃泌素G17表达。方法采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测42例胃癌患者和18例健康志愿者(对照组)血清中MACC-1抗体和胃泌素G17的表达水平,同时评估其临床意义。结果MACC-1和G17表达水平与胃癌患者腺癌组织分化、淋巴转移、PTNM分级有关,胃癌组织中MACC-1和G17表达的相关性呈正相关关系(r=0.466,P<0.05)。结论血清中MACC-1和G17可作为检测胃癌患者微转移的分子标志物。

Analysis of the autophagy gene expression profile of pancreatic cancer based on autophagy-related protein microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a highly invasive malignant tumor. Expression levels of the autophagy-related protein microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1 B-light chain 3(LC3) and perineural invasion(PNI) are closely related to its occurrence and development. Our previous results showed that the high expression of LC3 was positively correlated with PNI in the patients with pancreatic cancer. In this study, we further searched for differential genes involved in autophagy of pancreatic cancer by gene expression profiling and analyzed their biological functions in pancreatic cancer, which provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the pathophysiological mechanism of autophagy in pancreatic cancer and PNI.AIM To identify differentially expressed genes involved in pancreatic cancer autophagy and explore the pathogenesis at the molecular level.METHODS Two sets of gene expression profiles of pancreatic cancer/normal tissue(GSE16515 and GSE15471) were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus.Significance analysis of microarrays algorithm was used to screen differentially expressed genes related to pancreatic cancer. Gene Ontology(GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis were used to analyze the functional enrichment of the differentially expressed genes. Protein interaction data containing only differentially expressed genes was downloaded from String database and screened. Module mining was carried out by Cytoscape software and ClusterOne plug-in. The interaction relationship between the modules was analyzed and the pivot nodes between the functional modules were determined according to the information of the functional modules and the data of reliable protein interaction network.RESULTS Based on the above two data sets of pancreatic tissue total gene expression, 6098 and 12928 differentially expressed genes were obtained by analysis of genes with higher phenotypic correlation. After extracting the intersection of the two differential gene sets, 4870 genes were determined. GO analysis showed that 14 significant functional items including negative regulation of protein ubiquitination were closely related to autophagy. A total of 986 differentially expressed genes were enriched in these functional items. After eliminating the autophagy related genes of human cancer cells which had been defined, 347 differentially expressed genes were obtained. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the pathways hsa04144 and hsa04020 were related to autophagy. In addition,65 clustering modules were screened after the protein interaction network was constructed based on String database, and module 32 contains the LC3 gene,which interacts with multiple autophagy-related genes. Moreover, ubiquitin C acts as a pivot node in functional modules to connect multiple modules related to pancreatic cancer and autophagy.CONCLUSION Three hundred and forty-seven genes associated with autophagy in human pancreatic cancer were concentrated, and a key gene ubiquitin C which is closely related to the occurrence of PNI was determined, suggesting that LC3 may influence the PNI and prognosis of pancreatic cancer through ubiquitin C.

大球盖菇栽培模式研究进展与发展方向探讨

大球盖菇(Stropharia rugosoannulata)是近几年国内快速发展的一种草腐性食用菌,其栽培技术简单、生产成本低、产品营养健康、经济效益显著,还能提高农作物秸秆的高值利用,实现生态环保和农业增效的双赢,因此推广栽培大球盖菇具有十分重要的意义。通过综合分析大球盖菇的生物学特性及栽培模式现状,对大球盖菇的发展方向进行了探讨;探索不同栽培模式、提高林下和露地栽培单位面积土地利用率和棚室空间利用率是实现大球盖菇规模化发展的必然趋势。

长短期记忆网络在气温预测中的应用

气温变化对人们的正常出行、社会发展与生态环境都有着很大的影响,而天气和气候具有一定的随机性和无序性,是难以预测的复杂模型。本文采用长短期记忆网络深度学习模型对气温时间序列进行建模及预测,并将其与门循环单元模型、深度神经网络模型预测结果进行比较。结果显示,LSTM预测的均方误差比其它2个模型预测精度更高,且在处理较大数据集时具有更好的性能。

Ureteral Stent Fragmentation:a Case Report and Review of Literature

SINCE the introduction of double J stents in 1978, ureteral stents have become an integral tool in treating ureteral obstruction from calculi and other causes.1 Owing to the widespread usageof indwelling ureteral catheters,a number of possible complications such as migration,

Predictors of incidental gallbladder cancer in elderly patients

BACKGROUND: At the time of diagnosis, most patients with gallbladder cancer are in advanced stage and the cancer is unresectable. Long-term survivors are usually seen in a small number of patients with incidental gallbladder cancer. This study aimed to identify preoperative predictors of incidental gallbladder cancer in elderly patients.METHODS: A total of 4014 patients of more than 44 years old who had undergone cholecystectomy at our department from January 2000 to December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed Univariate and multivariate modalities were used to identify the predictive factors of incidental gallbladder cancer.RESULTS: Twenty-nine of the 4014 patients who had under gone cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases were histologically diagnosed as having incidental gallbladder can cer. Multivariate analysis identified that elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 combined with carcinoembryonic antigen and/or carbohydrate antigen 125 (P=0.045), a gallbladder polyp greater than or equal to 1.2 cm (P=0.043) and focal gallblad der wall thickening of more than or equal to 5 mm (P=0.002)were predictive factors of incidental gallbladder cancer.CONCLUSION: Cholecystectomy is suggested for patients with these predictive factors and intraoperative frozen section should be considered to rule out carcinoma.

Overview of Energy-Efficient Successive-Approximation Analog-to-Digital Converters: State-of-the-Art and a Design Example

This paper makes a review of state-of-thearts designs of successive-approximation register analog-to-digital converters(SAR ADCs).Methods and technique specifications are collected in view of innovative ideas.At the end of this paper,a design example is given to illustrate the procedure to design an SAR ADC.A new method,which extends the width of the internal clock,is also proposed to facilitate different sampling frequencies,which provides more time for the digital-to-analog convert(DAC)and comparator to settle.The 10 bit ADC is simulated in 0.13 m CMOS process technology.The signal-to-noise and distortion ratio(SNDR)is 54.41 dB at a 10 MHz input with a 50MS/s sampling rate,and the power is 330 W.

华北地区春季栽培大球盖菇关键技术

大球盖菇是近年来快速发展的一种草腐性食用菌,因商品价格较高,栽培技术相对简单,推广面积迅速扩大。我国大球盖菇主产区以秋冬季播种、秋冬春季采收为主,夏季产品稀缺。通过对华北地区适宜春播区的分析及春季栽培大球盖菇关键技术总结,发现京津以北、河北北部、山西中北部和内蒙古大部分地区7月的日均最高气温≤30℃,菌丝能安全度夏,适宜大球盖菇生长发育,可以推广大球盖菇春季栽培,满足夏季市场供应、提高菇农收益,春播时间以栽培场所最低气温稳定在0℃以上为标准。分析方法和结论为春栽地区的科研和技术人员提供参考。

大球盖菇波浪式栽培及畦式栽培比较试验

为提高土地利用率,实现大球盖菇的高产、高效栽培,提出了大球盖菇波浪式栽培概念。2019年~2021年,在露地、林下和温室3种栽培条件下,进行大球盖菇波浪式栽培与传统的畦式栽培比较试验。在相同培养料投入量情况下,对不同栽培模式的单位土地面积有效利用率、单位面积产量、一级商品菇率等进行研究。试验结果显示,波浪式栽培模式的单位土地面积有效利用率比传统畦式栽培提高了7.0%以上,单位面积产量提高了7.3%以上,生物学效率提高了4.8%以上。

根据气温条件确定河北省大球盖菇最佳栽培时间

为完善河北省大球盖菇(Stropharia rugosoannulata)栽培技术,提高大球盖菇的产量和品质,利用河北省保定市近3年气温数据,并结合多年生产实践,分析总结了大球盖菇露地栽培、林下栽培、棚室栽培3种不同栽培模式的最佳栽培时间。结果表明,不同栽培模式下最佳栽培时间不同,露地栽培大球盖菇的最佳时间是9月中旬,林下栽培的最佳时间是8月23日以后。冷棚栽培根据遮阴条件不同,栽培时间在8月23日~9月10日。暖棚栽培时间在10月底至11月初。该分析方法同时为引种大球盖菇的地区确定最佳栽培时间提供了依据。

Bilateral Ureteral Fibroepithelial Polyps:a Case Report

PRIMARY benign ureteral tumors are rare and they arise from the mesodermal tissue of the ureteral wall.Less than 200 cases have been documented in published reports.1 Bilateral ureteral fibroepithelial polyps are extremely rare and commonly occur in the proximal ureter,causing complete ureteral obstruction.Pyeloplasty is an effective treatment for improving renal function.Here we report a case with sequential bilateral ureteral fibroepithelial polyps causing obstructive hydronephrosis.

Relation of Leaf Stomatal Traits to Yield and Drought Resistance of Wheat

[Objective]The study aimed to discuss the relation of leaf stomatal traits to yield and drought resistance of wheat. [Method]Using the DH population of wheat cultivar Hanxuan10/Lumai14 as the test object,the relation of leaf stomatal density (SD) ,length (SL) and width (SW) , stomatal conductance (gs) ,photosynthetic rate (Pn) ,transpiration rate (Tr) to grain yield per plant and index of drought resistance (IDR) on the 10 th and 20 th day after anthesis under the conditions of drought stress and normal irrigation were discussed by the methods of correlation analysis and path analysis. [Result]Under the two water conditions,the correlations of these stomatal traits with yield components and IDR were mostly not significant on the 10 th day after anthesis,but there were significantly positive correlations between thousand kernel weight (TKW) and these traits on the 20 th day after anthesis. Path analysis showed that gs,Pn and Tr were main factors affecting yield per plant (YPP) and IDR,and they had stronger direct effects on YPP and IDR,while their indirect interaction was also strong. The direct effects of SD,SL and SW on YPP and IDR were small,as well as their indirect action among SD,SL and SW. On the other hand,the correlations between SD and SL were significant,and the correlations of SL with SW,gs,Pn and Tr were extremely significant on the 10 th and 20 th day after anthesis under the two water conditions. However, the correlations of SD and SL with gs,Pn,and Tr changed with water conditions or growth stages,showing that water conditions or growth stages had great effects on the correlations between two traits. Therefore,it is not always a good means to improve stomatal conductance,photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate and hence promote wheat yield by selecting stomatal density and size. [Conclusion]The research could provide scientific references for revealing the roles of leaf stomatal traits in wheat breeding for drought resistance.

Modelling and fabrication of wide temperature range Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As/GaAs Hall magnetic sensors

Silicon Hall-effect sensors have been widely used in industry and research fields due to their straightforward fabrication process and CMOS compatibility.However,as their material property limitations,technicians usually implement complex CMOS circuits to improve the sensors’performance including temperature drift and offset compensation for fitting tough situation,but it is no doubt that it increases the design complexity and the sensor area.Gallium arsenide(GaAs)is a superior material of Hall-effect device because of its large mobility and stable temperature characteristics.Concerning there is no specified modelling of GaAs Hall-effect device,this paper investigated its modelling by using finite element method(FEM)software Silvaco TCAD®to help and guide GaAs Hall-effect device fabrication.The modeled sensor has been fabricated and its experimental results are in agreement with the simulation results.Comparing to our previous silicon Hall-effect sensor,the GaAs Hall-effect sensor demonstrates potential and reliable benchmark for the future Hall magnetic sensor developments.

FS-LASIK联合快速角膜交联术矫正高度近视后角膜形态学及后表面高度变化

目的:探讨飞秒激光辅助准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)联合快速角膜交联术(FS-LASIK Xtra)矫正高度近视后角膜形态学及后表面高度变化。方法:回顾性病例对照研究。连续纳入2020年7月到2022年4月在山东中医药大学附属眼科医院行FS-LASIK Xtra及单纯FS-LASIK的高度近视患者,其中FS-LASIK Xtra组46例(92眼),单纯FS-LASIK组41例(82眼)。收集患者术前和术后1、3、6个月的屈光度,利用Pentacam三维眼前节分析仪测量患者术前及术后1、3、6个月时角膜前表面平均曲率(Km)、中央区(角膜顶点)、旁中央区(以顶点为圆心直径2 mm的圆)和近周边区(以顶点为圆心直径4 mm的圆)角膜后表面高度(PCE),并记录术前屈光度、中央角膜厚度、术中切削深度。角膜后表面高度变化量(ΔPCE)为术后6个月时与术前高度的差值。采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验比较2组参数的组间差异,手术前后不同时间点PCE变化采用重复测量方差分析。结果:术前FS-LASIK组与FS-LASIK Xtra组Km分别为(43.40±1.11)D、(43.59±1.09)D,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后各时间点2组Km稳定且2组间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。术前2组中央区、旁中央区和近周边区PCE比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);术后6个月时FS-LASIK组和FS-LASIK Xtra组中央区PCE分别为1.00(0,2.00)μm、0(-1.00,2.00),差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.31,P=0.021);术后3个月时FS-LASIK组和FS-LASIK Xtra组近周边区PCE分别为-1.00(-2.00,0)μm、-0.50(-1.25,0.50),差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.86,P=0.004),术后6个月时分别为-1.13(-2.00,0)μm、-0.25(-1.00,0.44),差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.74,P=0.006)。FS-LASIK组和FS-LASIK Xtra组术后中央区ΔPCE分别为-0.50(-2.00,1.00)μm、-1.00(-2.00,0)μm,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.58,P=0.010),旁中央区ΔPCE分别为-0.25(-0.75,0.25)μm、-0.50(-1.25,0)μm,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.96,P=0.003)。结论:FS-LASIK和FS-LASIK Xtra矫正高度近视术后中央区和旁中央区角膜后表面高度轻微后移,近周边区稍前凸,FS-LASIK Xtra术后3个月时变化较大并趋于稳定。在观察期内2种手术方式矫正高度近视安全且有效,联合快速交联术更有利于角膜后表面高度的稳定。

Factors associated with dysglycemia and its post-surgical resolution in patients with pheochromocytomas

Dear Editor,Pheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors originating from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla(Neumann et al., 2019). A number of case reports and small cohorts have reported the association between dysglycemia and pheochromocytomas(Elenkova et al., 2020;Khatiwada et al., 2020;Krumeich et al., 2021). However, there are few large sample studies reporting the outcomes of dysglycemia in patients with pheochromocytomas after resection.

O-FIB:far-field-induced near-field breakdown for direct nanowriting in an atmospheric environment

Nanoscale surface texturing,drilling,cutting,and spatial sculpturing,which are essential for applications,including thin-film solar cells,photonic chips,antireflection,wettability,and friction drag reduction,require not only high accuracy in material processing,but also the capability of manufacturing in an atmospheric environment.Widely used focused ion beam(FIB)technology offers nanoscale precision,but is limited by the vacuum-working conditions;therefore,it is not applicable to industrial-scale samples such as ship hulls or biomaterials,e.g.,cells and tissues.Here,we report an optical far-field-induced near-field breakdown(O-FIB)approach as an optical version of the conventional FIB technique,which allows direct nanowriting in air.The writing is initiated from nanoholes created by femtosecondlaser-induced multiphoton absorption,and its cutting“knife edge”is sharpened by the far-field-regulated enhancement of the optical near field.A spatial resolution of less than 20 nm(λ/40,withλbeing the light wavelength)is readily achieved.O-FIB is empowered by the utilization of simple polarization control of the incident light to steer the nanogroove writing along the designed pattern.The universality of near-field enhancement and localization makes O-FIB applicable to various materials,and enables a large-area printing mode that is superior to conventional FIB processing.

Optimized pre-treatment of high strength food waste digestate by high content aluminum-nanocluster based magnetic coagulation

Coagulation-based pre-treatment efficiency of high strength digestate of food waste(HSDFW) anaerobic digestion is negated by organic ligand-catalyzed decomposition of coagulants. In this study, an efficient HSDFW pre-treatment method, magnetic seeds(MS) coagulation, was employed by using highly stable Keggin Al_(30) nanocluster(PAC_(30)), MS and polyacrylamide(PAM), and its operation was optimized by evaluating the performance of removing turbidity, total suspended solids(TSS), chemical oxygen demand(COD), and total phosphorous(TP) phosphate. Results showed that at the optimum dosage of 4.82 g/L, PAC_(30) demonstrated excellent removals as high as 98.93% ± 0.1% of turbidity, 98.04% ± 0.1% of TSS, 58.28% ± 0.3% of total COD, 99.98% ± 0.01% of TP and 99.50% ± 0.01% of dissolved phosphate, respectively. Apparent molecular weight(AMW) and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix(3 D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy analyses demonstrated more efficient removal of dissolved organic matter(DOM), particularly non-biodegradable and hydrophobic components by PAC_(30) than commercial coagulant. The sedimentation was much improved from 40 min by coagulation/flocculation to about 5 min settling by MS coagulation. The PAC_(30) based magnetic coagulation(MC) presents theoretical guidance on a cost-effective and much less footprint pre-treatment alternative for high strength wastewater.