Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy with high metastasis and low survival rate, of which the incidence rate keeps increasing year by year worldwide while the therapeutic options are still limited up to now[1;2]. Mela...Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy with high metastasis and low survival rate, of which the incidence rate keeps increasing year by year worldwide while the therapeutic options are still limited up to now[1;2]. Melanoma is considered to be a relatively radioresistant tumor, and radiotherapy has an important role in its treatment, especially in patients with central nervous system metastases[3], so enhancement of cellular radiosensitivity by radiosensitizer is an efficient strategy to improve the outcome of radiotherapy.展开更多
Stride forward of manned spaceflights,nuclear industry and radiotherapy follows growth of unexpected radiation exposure accidents and more complex radiation environment.Ionizing radiation can lead to structural damage...Stride forward of manned spaceflights,nuclear industry and radiotherapy follows growth of unexpected radiation exposure accidents and more complex radiation environment.Ionizing radiation can lead to structural damage of cells and production of free radicals.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)play important roles in the regulation of cellular stress responses[1].In our previous study,190 up-regulated miRNAs and 231 down-regulated miRNAs were detected in HeLa cells after 2 Gy X-ray irradiat...MicroRNAs(miRNAs)play important roles in the regulation of cellular stress responses[1].In our previous study,190 up-regulated miRNAs and 231 down-regulated miRNAs were detected in HeLa cells after 2 Gy X-ray irradiation using Solexa sequencing.展开更多
Bone loss is one of the major barriers for human deep space exploration.To date,there has been less effective measures against bone metabolism derangement during long-term spaceflights[1;2].Traditional Chinese Medicin...Bone loss is one of the major barriers for human deep space exploration.To date,there has been less effective measures against bone metabolism derangement during long-term spaceflights[1;2].Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has been used for bone and joint diseases for thousands of years.Osthole(OST),an O-methylated coumarin,is originally extracted from the fruits of Cnidium monnieri which is a main osteoporosis treatment agent in TCM.Studies have demonstrated that OST have multiple pharmacological and biological features including neuroprotective,immunomodulatory,anticancer,hepatoprotective,cardiovascular protective,and antimicrobial activities[3].In addition,numerous studies also suggested that OST has better bone protection effects by enhancing the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts[4;5].However,the functions of OST in regulation of bone loss induced by microgravity remain unclear.展开更多
Heavy ion radiation widely exists in nuclear facilities,space environments and heavy ion radiotherapies.Exposure to heavy ion radiation is a significant threat and a major medical concern[1].In general,hematopoietic s...Heavy ion radiation widely exists in nuclear facilities,space environments and heavy ion radiotherapies.Exposure to heavy ion radiation is a significant threat and a major medical concern[1].In general,hematopoietic system injury is the primary cause of death after accidental or intentional exposure to high dose of irradiation(IR)[2].Protecting hematopoiesis is crucial for medical countermeasures against heavy ion radiation injury.Bone mesenchymal stromal cells(BMSCs)are multipotent,non-hematopoietic adult stem cells,which can differentiate into adipose,osteogenic and neurogenic lineages[3].Moreover,BMSCs can efficiently support proliferations,differentiations and functions of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)and multilineage cell types from HSCs[4;5].Such unique properties make BMSCs an invaluable cell type for the repair of tissue damage and a key role in recovery and reconstitution of hematopoiesis and immune system after IR[6].展开更多
Senescence is a cell fate that can be induced by intra/extracellular stresses such as DNA damage,oncogenic mutations,telomere shorting,and inflammation[1].Senescent cells develop a characteristic secretion profile inc...Senescence is a cell fate that can be induced by intra/extracellular stresses such as DNA damage,oncogenic mutations,telomere shorting,and inflammation[1].Senescent cells develop a characteristic secretion profile including a range of cytokines,chemokines,proteases,and other factors,which is termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP)[2].Accumulating evidence indicates that SASP factors provoke multiple chronic diseases,even tumorigenesis and aggressiveness[3].Our recent studies reveal that heavy ion could induce senescence with lower dose than X-ray in various tumor cells[4;5].However,very little is known about the SASP of senescent tumor cells induced by heavy ions.In the present study,human melanoma cell line 92-1 cells were exposed to 10 Gy of carbon ion beams or X-rays,respectively.The cell culture supernatants were harvested 3 days post-irradiation,and the SASP were measured using human antibody arrays including 507 factors.展开更多
Although it has been demonstrated that Astragalus polysaccharide(APS)have various pharmacological effects,there has been no studies concerning the inhibitory effects of APS on the radiation induced bystander effects(R...Although it has been demonstrated that Astragalus polysaccharide(APS)have various pharmacological effects,there has been no studies concerning the inhibitory effects of APS on the radiation induced bystander effects(RIBE).In this study,A549 cells were irradiated with 2 Gy carbon ions to obtain conditioned medium.BMSCs was incubated with the conditioned medium or APS.The levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and TGF-were detected by ELISA.Cell survival,genomic instability,DNA damages and cell cycle were detected by CCK-8 assay,colony formation assay,the micronucleus test,immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry assay,respectively.The protein and phosphorylation protein expression of p38,c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK1/2),P65,cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),cell cycle related proteins and TGF-receptor(TGF-R)in bystander effect cells were detected by western blot.The result showed that APS decreased the colony rate of bystander cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase via extrinsic and intrinsic DNA damage.展开更多
Bone metabolism derangement induced by space microgravity is severe threaten to the health of astronauts[1].Exercise is the primary countermeasure in long-duration spaceflights,despite the outcomes remain debatable[2,...Bone metabolism derangement induced by space microgravity is severe threaten to the health of astronauts[1].Exercise is the primary countermeasure in long-duration spaceflights,despite the outcomes remain debatable[2,3].In addition,pharmacological interventions cannot be used to protect against the osteoporosis induced by space environment due to various side effects[4,5].展开更多
Ionizing radiation widely exists in environmental or industrial accidents,spaceflights and radiation therapy for cancer[1].Decades of researches have been dedicated to the discovery of inherent biomarkers of ionizing ...Ionizing radiation widely exists in environmental or industrial accidents,spaceflights and radiation therapy for cancer[1].Decades of researches have been dedicated to the discovery of inherent biomarkers of ionizing radiation exposure.The long-established gold standard biomarker of radiation exposure,such as cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes,requires complex analysis and strict experimental condition[2].Recently,the studies have renewed search for rapid and simple methods to identify exposed individuals within large populations and to predict health effects in early stage[3].microRNAs(miRNAs)are small(19 to 24 nucleotides in length)endogenous noncoding RNA molecules and play an important role in the regulation of gene expression[4].展开更多
microRNAs(miRNAs)play important roles in the cellular response to ionizing radiation(IR)through regulating key mediators of DNA damage response pathways,such as ATM[1]and ATR[2].It has been revealed that miR-300 is in...microRNAs(miRNAs)play important roles in the cellular response to ionizing radiation(IR)through regulating key mediators of DNA damage response pathways,such as ATM[1]and ATR[2].It has been revealed that miR-300 is involved in the cellular chemo-and radio-resistance in ovarian and gastric cancers[3,4].In recent study,we found that miR-300 abrogated IR-induced G2 cell cycle arrest in human lung cancer cells through targeting p53[5].However,the effects of miR-300 on the cellular sensitivity to IR in p53 mutant cells still need further investigation。展开更多
Cancer stem cells(CSCs)maintain tumor growth by keeping the balance between self-renewal,proliferation and differentiation.Though CSCs occupy a tiny minority,they are the fundamental reason for the formation and recur...Cancer stem cells(CSCs)maintain tumor growth by keeping the balance between self-renewal,proliferation and differentiation.Though CSCs occupy a tiny minority,they are the fundamental reason for the formation and recurrence of tumors.CSCs hypothesis suggests that CSCs populate an original tumor,which is resistant to treatments,and repopulate the recurrent tumor after most of the tumor has been removed.CSCs research is one of the most thriving and competitive areas in oncology research because it has the potential to become a predictive factor in radiotherapy.展开更多
microRNAs(miRNAs)perform crucial roles in mediation of the cellular radiosensitivity by influencing DNA damage repair,cell cycle checkpoint,apoptosis,radio-related signal transduction pathway and microenvironment[1-3]...microRNAs(miRNAs)perform crucial roles in mediation of the cellular radiosensitivity by influencing DNA damage repair,cell cycle checkpoint,apoptosis,radio-related signal transduction pathway and microenvironment[1-3].Our previous study have suggested that miR??300,whose expression is correlated positively with the cellular resistance to chemotherapy drug cis-platin in human ovarian cancer cells[4],is involved in the cellular response to the DNA damages induced by ionizing radiation[5].However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.展开更多
文摘Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy with high metastasis and low survival rate, of which the incidence rate keeps increasing year by year worldwide while the therapeutic options are still limited up to now[1;2]. Melanoma is considered to be a relatively radioresistant tumor, and radiotherapy has an important role in its treatment, especially in patients with central nervous system metastases[3], so enhancement of cellular radiosensitivity by radiosensitizer is an efficient strategy to improve the outcome of radiotherapy.
文摘Stride forward of manned spaceflights,nuclear industry and radiotherapy follows growth of unexpected radiation exposure accidents and more complex radiation environment.Ionizing radiation can lead to structural damage of cells and production of free radicals.
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs)play important roles in the regulation of cellular stress responses[1].In our previous study,190 up-regulated miRNAs and 231 down-regulated miRNAs were detected in HeLa cells after 2 Gy X-ray irradiation using Solexa sequencing.
文摘Bone loss is one of the major barriers for human deep space exploration.To date,there has been less effective measures against bone metabolism derangement during long-term spaceflights[1;2].Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has been used for bone and joint diseases for thousands of years.Osthole(OST),an O-methylated coumarin,is originally extracted from the fruits of Cnidium monnieri which is a main osteoporosis treatment agent in TCM.Studies have demonstrated that OST have multiple pharmacological and biological features including neuroprotective,immunomodulatory,anticancer,hepatoprotective,cardiovascular protective,and antimicrobial activities[3].In addition,numerous studies also suggested that OST has better bone protection effects by enhancing the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts[4;5].However,the functions of OST in regulation of bone loss induced by microgravity remain unclear.
文摘Heavy ion radiation widely exists in nuclear facilities,space environments and heavy ion radiotherapies.Exposure to heavy ion radiation is a significant threat and a major medical concern[1].In general,hematopoietic system injury is the primary cause of death after accidental or intentional exposure to high dose of irradiation(IR)[2].Protecting hematopoiesis is crucial for medical countermeasures against heavy ion radiation injury.Bone mesenchymal stromal cells(BMSCs)are multipotent,non-hematopoietic adult stem cells,which can differentiate into adipose,osteogenic and neurogenic lineages[3].Moreover,BMSCs can efficiently support proliferations,differentiations and functions of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)and multilineage cell types from HSCs[4;5].Such unique properties make BMSCs an invaluable cell type for the repair of tissue damage and a key role in recovery and reconstitution of hematopoiesis and immune system after IR[6].
文摘Senescence is a cell fate that can be induced by intra/extracellular stresses such as DNA damage,oncogenic mutations,telomere shorting,and inflammation[1].Senescent cells develop a characteristic secretion profile including a range of cytokines,chemokines,proteases,and other factors,which is termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP)[2].Accumulating evidence indicates that SASP factors provoke multiple chronic diseases,even tumorigenesis and aggressiveness[3].Our recent studies reveal that heavy ion could induce senescence with lower dose than X-ray in various tumor cells[4;5].However,very little is known about the SASP of senescent tumor cells induced by heavy ions.In the present study,human melanoma cell line 92-1 cells were exposed to 10 Gy of carbon ion beams or X-rays,respectively.The cell culture supernatants were harvested 3 days post-irradiation,and the SASP were measured using human antibody arrays including 507 factors.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473457)。
文摘Although it has been demonstrated that Astragalus polysaccharide(APS)have various pharmacological effects,there has been no studies concerning the inhibitory effects of APS on the radiation induced bystander effects(RIBE).In this study,A549 cells were irradiated with 2 Gy carbon ions to obtain conditioned medium.BMSCs was incubated with the conditioned medium or APS.The levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and TGF-were detected by ELISA.Cell survival,genomic instability,DNA damages and cell cycle were detected by CCK-8 assay,colony formation assay,the micronucleus test,immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry assay,respectively.The protein and phosphorylation protein expression of p38,c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK1/2),P65,cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),cell cycle related proteins and TGF-receptor(TGF-R)in bystander effect cells were detected by western blot.The result showed that APS decreased the colony rate of bystander cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase via extrinsic and intrinsic DNA damage.
文摘Bone metabolism derangement induced by space microgravity is severe threaten to the health of astronauts[1].Exercise is the primary countermeasure in long-duration spaceflights,despite the outcomes remain debatable[2,3].In addition,pharmacological interventions cannot be used to protect against the osteoporosis induced by space environment due to various side effects[4,5].
文摘Ionizing radiation widely exists in environmental or industrial accidents,spaceflights and radiation therapy for cancer[1].Decades of researches have been dedicated to the discovery of inherent biomarkers of ionizing radiation exposure.The long-established gold standard biomarker of radiation exposure,such as cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes,requires complex analysis and strict experimental condition[2].Recently,the studies have renewed search for rapid and simple methods to identify exposed individuals within large populations and to predict health effects in early stage[3].microRNAs(miRNAs)are small(19 to 24 nucleotides in length)endogenous noncoding RNA molecules and play an important role in the regulation of gene expression[4].
文摘microRNAs(miRNAs)play important roles in the cellular response to ionizing radiation(IR)through regulating key mediators of DNA damage response pathways,such as ATM[1]and ATR[2].It has been revealed that miR-300 is involved in the cellular chemo-and radio-resistance in ovarian and gastric cancers[3,4].In recent study,we found that miR-300 abrogated IR-induced G2 cell cycle arrest in human lung cancer cells through targeting p53[5].However,the effects of miR-300 on the cellular sensitivity to IR in p53 mutant cells still need further investigation。
文摘Cancer stem cells(CSCs)maintain tumor growth by keeping the balance between self-renewal,proliferation and differentiation.Though CSCs occupy a tiny minority,they are the fundamental reason for the formation and recurrence of tumors.CSCs hypothesis suggests that CSCs populate an original tumor,which is resistant to treatments,and repopulate the recurrent tumor after most of the tumor has been removed.CSCs research is one of the most thriving and competitive areas in oncology research because it has the potential to become a predictive factor in radiotherapy.
文摘microRNAs(miRNAs)perform crucial roles in mediation of the cellular radiosensitivity by influencing DNA damage repair,cell cycle checkpoint,apoptosis,radio-related signal transduction pathway and microenvironment[1-3].Our previous study have suggested that miR??300,whose expression is correlated positively with the cellular resistance to chemotherapy drug cis-platin in human ovarian cancer cells[4],is involved in the cellular response to the DNA damages induced by ionizing radiation[5].However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
