目的进一步探讨透析前慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)管理是否在血液透析后具有“长期效应”,为更好的推动C K D管理从经济学以及人口学角度贡献力量。方法纳入2015年3月一2018年3月在江苏大学附属医院CKD管理门诊随诊并进入...目的进一步探讨透析前慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)管理是否在血液透析后具有“长期效应”,为更好的推动C K D管理从经济学以及人口学角度贡献力量。方法纳入2015年3月一2018年3月在江苏大学附属医院CKD管理门诊随诊并进入透析的70例患者(管理组),及同时期从肾脏内科专科门诊进入透析的142例患者(非管理组),随访5年,比较2组患者透析启动时以及透析后1年内的住院情况及费用,以及透析后1年、5年的死亡情况,并分析各种因素对患者全因死亡的影响。结果启动透析时管理组人均总住院费用少于非管理组(t=-3.100,P=0.002)。透析后1年内管理组的人均总住院费用少于非管理(t=-2.269,P=0.024),主要归因于药品、检验、治疗、手术及输血费用的减少。在透析启动时以及透析开始后1年内,多元线性回归发现不管是未调整、根据年龄和性别进行调整、根据合并症进行调整、根据进入血液透析时的基线实验室指标进行调整还是根据启动血液透析时的血管通路情况进行调整,C K D管理与住院人均总费用的降低独立相关(透析启动时β=0.386、0.392、0.392、0.359、0.248,P分别<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、0.018;透析1年内β=0.151、0.154、0.148、0.168、0.343,P=0.028、0.025、0.038、0.021、0.002)。Kaplan-Meier分析显示管理组透析5年的累积生存率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.947,P=0.047)。多因素分析结果显示年龄(HR=1.042,95%CI:1.021~1.062,P<0.001)和合并糖尿病(HR=0.390,95%CI:0.226~0.671,P=0.001)是患者全因死亡的独立危险因素,而透析前CKD管理则是患者全因死亡的保护性因素(HR=0.503,95%CI:0.295~0.857,P=0.012)。结论透析前C K D管理对透析后经济结果有遗留影响,能改善维持性血液透析患者的长期预后,在管理工作中尤其要关注糖尿病及老年患者。展开更多
Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys Pubescens)expansion into adjacent forests has been widely reported to affect plant diversity and its association with mycorrhizal fungi in subtropical China,which will likely have significant...Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys Pubescens)expansion into adjacent forests has been widely reported to affect plant diversity and its association with mycorrhizal fungi in subtropical China,which will likely have significant impacts on soil respiration.However,there is still limited information on how Moso bamboo expansion changes soil respiration components and their linkage with microbial community composition and activity.Based on a mesh exclusion method,soil respirations derived from roots,arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)mycelium,and free-living microbes were investigated in a pure Moso bamboo forest(expanded),an adjacent broadleaved forest(nonexpanded),and a mixed bamboo-broadleaved forest(expanding).Our results showed that bamboo expansion decreased the cumulative CO_(2)effluxes from total soil respiration,root respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration(by 19.01%,30.34%,and 29.92%on average),whereas increased those from AM mycelium(by 78.67%in comparison with the broadleaved forests).Bamboo expansion significantly decreased soil organic carbon(C)content,bacterial and fungal abundances,and enzyme activities involved in C,N and P cycling whereas enhanced the interactive relationships among bacterial communities.In contrast,the ingrowth of AM mycelium increased the activities ofβ-glucosidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and decreased the interactive relationships among bacterial communities.Changes in soil heterotrophic respiration and AM mycelium respiration had positive correlations with soil enzyme activities and fungal abundances.In summary,our findings suggest that bamboo expansion decreased soil heterotrophic respiration by decreasing soil microbial activity but increased the contribution of AM mycelial respiration to soil C efflux,which may potentially increase soil C loss from AM mycelial pathway.展开更多
AIM:To compare fluoroscopic, endoscopic and guide wire assistance with ultraslim gastroscopy for placement of nasojejunal feeding tubes. METHODS:The information regarding nasojejunal tube placement procedures was retr...AIM:To compare fluoroscopic, endoscopic and guide wire assistance with ultraslim gastroscopy for placement of nasojejunal feeding tubes. METHODS:The information regarding nasojejunal tube placement procedures was retrieved using the gastrointestinal tract database at Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College. Records from 81 patients who underwent nasojejunal tubes placement by different techniques between 2004 and 2011 were reviewed for procedure success and tube-related outcomes. RESULTS:Nasojejunal feeding tubes were successfully placed in 78 (96.3%) of 81 patients. The success rate by fluoroscopy was 92% (23 of 25), by endoscopic technique 96.3% (26 of 27), and by guide wire assistance (whether via transnasal or transoral insertion)100% (23/23, 6/6). The average time for successful placement was 14.9 ± 2.9 min for fluoroscopic placement, 14.8 ± 4.9 min for endoscopic placement, 11.1 ± 2.2 min for guide wire assistance with transnasal gastroscopic placement, and 14.7 ± 1.2 min for transoral gastroscopic placement. Statistically, the duration for the third method was significantly different (P < 0.05) compared with the other three methods. Transnasal placement over a guidewire was significantly faster (P < 0.05) than any of the other approaches. CONCLUSION:Guide wire assistance with transnasal insertion of nasojejunal feeding tubes represents a safe, quick and effective method for providing enteral nutrition.展开更多
The effect of niobium on the formation of NbC phase and solidification structure in high carbon equivalent grey cast iron was investigated.The experimental results indicated that an increase in the niobium content is ...The effect of niobium on the formation of NbC phase and solidification structure in high carbon equivalent grey cast iron was investigated.The experimental results indicated that an increase in the niobium content is favorable to refining the graphite and eutectic cell;and the pearlite lamellar spacing is reduced.Based on the thermodynamic calculation the formation of NbC is prior to the eutectic reaction.The reduction in the pearlite lamellar spacing is mainly attributed to the decrease of eutectic temperature with the addition of niobium.Additionally,properties including hardness and wear resistance were improved after the addition of niobium.展开更多
Electron energy relaxation timeτis one of the key physical parameters for electronic materials.In this study,we develop a new technique to measureτin a semiconductor via monochrome picosecond(ps)terahertz(THz)pump a...Electron energy relaxation timeτis one of the key physical parameters for electronic materials.In this study,we develop a new technique to measureτin a semiconductor via monochrome picosecond(ps)terahertz(THz)pump and probe experiment.The special THz pulse structure of Chinese THz free-electron laser(CTFEL)is utilized to realize such a technique,which can be applied to the investigation into THz dynamics of electronic and optoelectronic materials and devices.We measure the THz dynamical electronic properties of high-mobility n-GaSb wafer at 1.2 THz,1.6 THz,and 2.4 THz at room temperature and in free space.The obtained electron energy relaxation time for n-GaSb is in line with that measured via,e.g.,four-wave mixing techniques.The major advantages of monochrome ps THz pump-probe in the study of electronic and optoelectronic materials are discussed in comparison with other ultrafast optoelectronic techniques.This work is relevant to the application of pulsed THz free-electron lasers and also to the development of advanced ultrafast measurement technique for the investigation of dynamical properties of electronic and optoelectronic materials.展开更多
Antenna-coupled field-effect-transistors(FETs) offer high sensitivity for terahertz detection. Both the magnitude and the polarity of the response signal are sensitive to the localized terahertz field under the gate. ...Antenna-coupled field-effect-transistors(FETs) offer high sensitivity for terahertz detection. Both the magnitude and the polarity of the response signal are sensitive to the localized terahertz field under the gate. The ability of accurate sensing the intensity pattern is required for terahertz imaging systems. Here, we report artefacts in the intensity pattern of a focused terahertz beam around 1 THz by scanning a silicon-lens and antenna coupled AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility-transistor(HEMT) detector. The origin of the image distortion is found to be connected with one of the antenna blocks by probing the localized photocurrents as a function of the beam location and the frequency. Although the exact distortion is found with our specific antenna design, we believe similar artefacts could be commonplace in antenna-coupled FET terahertz detectors when the beam spot becomes comparable with the antenna size. To eliminate such artefacts, new antenna designs are welcomed to achieve strong asymmetry in the terahertz field distribution under the gate while maintaining a more symmetric radiation pattern for the whole antenna.展开更多
文摘目的进一步探讨透析前慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)管理是否在血液透析后具有“长期效应”,为更好的推动C K D管理从经济学以及人口学角度贡献力量。方法纳入2015年3月一2018年3月在江苏大学附属医院CKD管理门诊随诊并进入透析的70例患者(管理组),及同时期从肾脏内科专科门诊进入透析的142例患者(非管理组),随访5年,比较2组患者透析启动时以及透析后1年内的住院情况及费用,以及透析后1年、5年的死亡情况,并分析各种因素对患者全因死亡的影响。结果启动透析时管理组人均总住院费用少于非管理组(t=-3.100,P=0.002)。透析后1年内管理组的人均总住院费用少于非管理(t=-2.269,P=0.024),主要归因于药品、检验、治疗、手术及输血费用的减少。在透析启动时以及透析开始后1年内,多元线性回归发现不管是未调整、根据年龄和性别进行调整、根据合并症进行调整、根据进入血液透析时的基线实验室指标进行调整还是根据启动血液透析时的血管通路情况进行调整,C K D管理与住院人均总费用的降低独立相关(透析启动时β=0.386、0.392、0.392、0.359、0.248,P分别<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、0.018;透析1年内β=0.151、0.154、0.148、0.168、0.343,P=0.028、0.025、0.038、0.021、0.002)。Kaplan-Meier分析显示管理组透析5年的累积生存率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.947,P=0.047)。多因素分析结果显示年龄(HR=1.042,95%CI:1.021~1.062,P<0.001)和合并糖尿病(HR=0.390,95%CI:0.226~0.671,P=0.001)是患者全因死亡的独立危险因素,而透析前CKD管理则是患者全因死亡的保护性因素(HR=0.503,95%CI:0.295~0.857,P=0.012)。结论透析前C K D管理对透析后经济结果有遗留影响,能改善维持性血液透析患者的长期预后,在管理工作中尤其要关注糖尿病及老年患者。
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31971631,32271850)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under grant number LZ22C160001.
文摘Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys Pubescens)expansion into adjacent forests has been widely reported to affect plant diversity and its association with mycorrhizal fungi in subtropical China,which will likely have significant impacts on soil respiration.However,there is still limited information on how Moso bamboo expansion changes soil respiration components and their linkage with microbial community composition and activity.Based on a mesh exclusion method,soil respirations derived from roots,arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)mycelium,and free-living microbes were investigated in a pure Moso bamboo forest(expanded),an adjacent broadleaved forest(nonexpanded),and a mixed bamboo-broadleaved forest(expanding).Our results showed that bamboo expansion decreased the cumulative CO_(2)effluxes from total soil respiration,root respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration(by 19.01%,30.34%,and 29.92%on average),whereas increased those from AM mycelium(by 78.67%in comparison with the broadleaved forests).Bamboo expansion significantly decreased soil organic carbon(C)content,bacterial and fungal abundances,and enzyme activities involved in C,N and P cycling whereas enhanced the interactive relationships among bacterial communities.In contrast,the ingrowth of AM mycelium increased the activities ofβ-glucosidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and decreased the interactive relationships among bacterial communities.Changes in soil heterotrophic respiration and AM mycelium respiration had positive correlations with soil enzyme activities and fungal abundances.In summary,our findings suggest that bamboo expansion decreased soil heterotrophic respiration by decreasing soil microbial activity but increased the contribution of AM mycelial respiration to soil C efflux,which may potentially increase soil C loss from AM mycelial pathway.
文摘AIM:To compare fluoroscopic, endoscopic and guide wire assistance with ultraslim gastroscopy for placement of nasojejunal feeding tubes. METHODS:The information regarding nasojejunal tube placement procedures was retrieved using the gastrointestinal tract database at Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College. Records from 81 patients who underwent nasojejunal tubes placement by different techniques between 2004 and 2011 were reviewed for procedure success and tube-related outcomes. RESULTS:Nasojejunal feeding tubes were successfully placed in 78 (96.3%) of 81 patients. The success rate by fluoroscopy was 92% (23 of 25), by endoscopic technique 96.3% (26 of 27), and by guide wire assistance (whether via transnasal or transoral insertion)100% (23/23, 6/6). The average time for successful placement was 14.9 ± 2.9 min for fluoroscopic placement, 14.8 ± 4.9 min for endoscopic placement, 11.1 ± 2.2 min for guide wire assistance with transnasal gastroscopic placement, and 14.7 ± 1.2 min for transoral gastroscopic placement. Statistically, the duration for the third method was significantly different (P < 0.05) compared with the other three methods. Transnasal placement over a guidewire was significantly faster (P < 0.05) than any of the other approaches. CONCLUSION:Guide wire assistance with transnasal insertion of nasojejunal feeding tubes represents a safe, quick and effective method for providing enteral nutrition.
基金supported by CITIC-CBMM R&D project (No.036)Graduate Innovation Fund of Shanghai University (No.SHUCX 102233)
文摘The effect of niobium on the formation of NbC phase and solidification structure in high carbon equivalent grey cast iron was investigated.The experimental results indicated that an increase in the niobium content is favorable to refining the graphite and eutectic cell;and the pearlite lamellar spacing is reduced.Based on the thermodynamic calculation the formation of NbC is prior to the eutectic reaction.The reduction in the pearlite lamellar spacing is mainly attributed to the decrease of eutectic temperature with the addition of niobium.Additionally,properties including hardness and wear resistance were improved after the addition of niobium.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1930116,U1832153,and 11574319)the Fund from the Center of Science and Technology of Hefei Academy of Sciences,China(Grant No.2016FXZY002)。
文摘Electron energy relaxation timeτis one of the key physical parameters for electronic materials.In this study,we develop a new technique to measureτin a semiconductor via monochrome picosecond(ps)terahertz(THz)pump and probe experiment.The special THz pulse structure of Chinese THz free-electron laser(CTFEL)is utilized to realize such a technique,which can be applied to the investigation into THz dynamics of electronic and optoelectronic materials and devices.We measure the THz dynamical electronic properties of high-mobility n-GaSb wafer at 1.2 THz,1.6 THz,and 2.4 THz at room temperature and in free space.The obtained electron energy relaxation time for n-GaSb is in line with that measured via,e.g.,four-wave mixing techniques.The major advantages of monochrome ps THz pump-probe in the study of electronic and optoelectronic materials are discussed in comparison with other ultrafast optoelectronic techniques.This work is relevant to the application of pulsed THz free-electron lasers and also to the development of advanced ultrafast measurement technique for the investigation of dynamical properties of electronic and optoelectronic materials.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFF0100501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61771466,61775231,and 61611530708)+3 种基金the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.XXRJ-079)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2017372)the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(Grant No.17-52-53063)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20160400)
文摘Antenna-coupled field-effect-transistors(FETs) offer high sensitivity for terahertz detection. Both the magnitude and the polarity of the response signal are sensitive to the localized terahertz field under the gate. The ability of accurate sensing the intensity pattern is required for terahertz imaging systems. Here, we report artefacts in the intensity pattern of a focused terahertz beam around 1 THz by scanning a silicon-lens and antenna coupled AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility-transistor(HEMT) detector. The origin of the image distortion is found to be connected with one of the antenna blocks by probing the localized photocurrents as a function of the beam location and the frequency. Although the exact distortion is found with our specific antenna design, we believe similar artefacts could be commonplace in antenna-coupled FET terahertz detectors when the beam spot becomes comparable with the antenna size. To eliminate such artefacts, new antenna designs are welcomed to achieve strong asymmetry in the terahertz field distribution under the gate while maintaining a more symmetric radiation pattern for the whole antenna.
