Factors Influencing Subjective Orthodontic Treatment Need and Culture-related Differences among Chinese Natives and Foreign Inhabitants

Aim The aim of this survey was to compare Chinese natives and foreign inhabitants in Chengdu, China, with respect to： （1） attitudes towards dental appearance, （2） subjective orthodontic treatment need, and （3） the main factors influencing orthodontic treatment need. Methodology A total of 522 subjects, including 227 foreign inhabitants and 295 Chinese natives in Chengdu participated in the survey. A simple random sampling method was adopted and a face-to-face interview was conducted at some public sites using a questionnaire. Data was entered by two persons synchronously using Epidata 3.0, and SPSS 13.0 was used to analyze these data. Results 89.0% of foreign inhabitants were satisfied with their teeth compared to only 46.8% of Chinese natives. Females were more dissatisfied with their teeth than males. Chinese natives put improving appearance as the top priority （55.9%） for seeking orthodontic treatment; however, in foreign inhabitants, the main reason for seeking treatment was to improve masticatory function（44.1%）, followed by ＂to be pretty＂ （35.2%）. The importance of well-aligned teeth and self-perception of psychosocial impact of malocclusion were the same two main factors influencing subjective orthodontic treatment need （P〈0.05） in foreign inhabitants and Chinese natives. Sub- jective orthodontic treatment need between the two target groups was significantly different （P〈0.05）. Conclusion （1） It was very common that Chinese natives were dissatisfied with their dental appearance, and their subjective orthodontic treatment needs were high. （2） There were some differences in orthodontic treatment motives between the two target groups. （3） There were differences in subjective orthodontic treatment needs between foreign inhabitants and Chinese natives. However, the prominent influential factors were almost the same. There may be benefit to understanding subjective orthodontic needs of different races.

Diabetic mastopathy in an elderly woman misdiagnosed as breast cancer: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Diabetic mastopathy is a rare benign disease in clinical practice that mainly occurs in young and middle-aged women with type 1 diabetes.It has also been reported that this disease can be found in patients with type 2 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases,such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis,as well as in men.The pathogenesis of diabetic mastopathy is not yet clear,and it is easily confused with breast cancer due to their similar clinical manifestations and imaging features.CASE SUMMARY A 69-year-old female patient was admitted because of painless breast masses,with a history of type 2 diabetes.The imaging and physical examination suggested a high risk of breast cancer.Further histopathological analysis showed dense lymphocytes infiltrating around the lobules of the breast,and extensive fibrosis of the surrounding stroma.Finally,diabetic mastopathy was diagnosed.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of diabetic mastopathy in elderly patients with painless breast masses is difficult to distinguish from breast cancer,and its imaging manifestations are not specific.

A robust microsatellite instability detection model for unpaired colorectal cancer tissue samples

Background:Microsatellite instability(MSI)is a key biomarker for cancer immunotherapy and prognosis.Integration of MSI testing into a next-generation-sequencing(NGS)panel could save tissue sample,reduce turn-around time and cost,and provide MSI status and comprehensive genomic profiling in single test.We aimed to develop an MSI calling model to detect MSI status along with the NGS panel-based profiling test using tumor-only samples.Methods:From January 2019 to December 2020,a total of 174 colorectal cancer(CRC)patients were enrolled,including 31 MSI-high(MSI-H)and 143 microsatellite stability(MSS)cases.Among them,56 paired tumor and normal samples(10 MSI-H and 46 MSS)were used for modeling,and another 118 tumor-only samples were used for validation.MSI polymerase chain reaction(MSI-PCR)was performed as the gold standard.A baseline was built for the selected microsatellite loci using the NGS data of 56 normal blood samples.An MSI detection model was constructed by analyzing the NGS data of tissue samples.The performance of the model was compared with the results of MSI-PCR.Results:We first intersected the target genomic regions of the NGS panels used in this study to select common microsatellite loci.A total of 42 loci including 23 mononucleotide repeat sites and 19 longer repeat sites were candidates for modeling.As mononucleotide repeat sites are more sensitive and specific for detecting MSI status than sites with longer length motif and the mononucleotide repeat sites performed even better than the total sites,a model containing 23 mononucleotide repeat sites was constructed and named Colorectal Cancer Microsatellite Instability test(CRC-MSI).The model achieved 100%sensitivity and 100%specificity when compared with MSI-PCR in both training and validation sets.Furthermore,the CRC-MSI model was robust with the tumor content as low as 6%.In addition,8 out of 10 MSI-H samples showed alternations in the four mismatch repair genes(MLH1,MSH2,MSH6,and PMS2).Conclusion:MSI status can be accurately determined along the targeted NGS panels using only tumor samples.The performance of mononucleotide repeat sites surpasses loci with longer repeat motif in MSI calling.

Transcriptional activation and phosphorylation of OsCNGC9 confer enhanced chilling tolerance in rice

Low temperature is a major environmental factor that limits plant growth and productivity.Although transient elevation of cytoplasmic calcium has long been recognized as a critical signal for plant cold tolerance,the calcium channels responsible for this process have remained largely elusive.Here we report that OsCNGC9,a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel,positively regulates chilling tolerance by mediating cytoplasmic calcium elevation in rice(Oryza sativa).We showed that the loss-of-function mutant of OsCNGC9 is defective in cold-induced calcium influx and more sensitive to prolonged cold treatment,whereas OsCNGC9 overexpression confers enhanced cold tolerance.Mechanistically,we demonstrated that in response to chilling stress,OsSAPK8,a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana OST1,phosphorylates and activates OsCNGC9 to trigger Ca2+influx.Moreover,we found that the transcription of OsCNGC9 is activated by a rice dehydration-responsive element-binding transcription factor,OsDREB1A.Taken together,our results suggest that OsCNGC9 enhances chilling tolerance in rice through regulating cold-induced calcium influx and cytoplasmic calcium elevation.