Dendrite-structured FeF_(2) consisting of closely linked nanoparticles as cathode for high-performance lithium-ion capacitors

Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs)are regarded as a good choice for next-generation energy storage devices,which are expected to exhibit high energy densities,high power densities,and ultra-long cycling stability.Nevertheless,only a few battery-type cathode materials with limited kinetic properties can be employed in LICs,and their electrochemical properties need to be optimized urgently.Here,we exploit a new dendrite-structured FeF_(2) consisting of closely linked primary nanoparticles using a facile solvothermal method combined with the subsequent annealing treatment.This particular architecture has favorable transport pathways for both lithium ions and electrons and exhibits an ultrafast chargedischarge capability with high reversible capacities.Furthermore,a well-designed LIC employing the prepared dendrite-structured FeF_(2) as the battery-type cathode and commercialized activated carbon(AC)as supercapacitor-type anode was constructed in an organic electrolyte containing Li ions.The LIC operates at an optimal voltage range of 1.1-3.8 V and shows a maximum high energy density of 152 W h kg^(-1) and a high power density of 4900 W kg^(-1) based on the total mass of cathode and anode.Long-term cycling stability(85%capacity retention after 2000 cycles)was achieved at 1 A g^(-1).This work suggests that the dendrite-structured FeF_(2) is a prime candidate for high-performance LICs and accelerates the development of hybrid ion capacitor devices.

Mechanistic understanding of the charge storage processes in FeF_(2) aggregates assembled with cylindrical nanoparticles as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries by in situ magnetometry

Transition metal fluorides(TMFs)cathode materials have shown extraordinary promises for electrochemical energy storage,but the understanding of their electrochemical reaction mechanisms is still a matter of debate due to the complicated and continuous changing in the battery internal environment.Here,we design a novel iron fluoride(FeF_(2))aggregate assembled with cylindrical nanoparticles as cathode material to build FeF_(2) lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and employ advanced in situ magnetometry to detect their intrinsic electronic structure during cycling in real time.The results show that FeF_(2) cannot be involved in complete conversion reactions when the FeF_(2) LIBs operate between the conventional voltage range of 1.0–4.0 V,and that the corresponding conversion ratio of FeF_(2) can be further estimated.Importantly,we first demonstrate that the spin-polarized surface capacitance exists in the FeF_(2) cathode by monitoring the magnetic responses over various voltage ranges.The research presents an original and insightful method to examine the conversion mechanism of TMFs and significantly provides an important reference for the future artificial design of energy systems based on spinpolarized surface capacitance.

Equivalent Substitution Based Method for Calculation of Best Installed Capacity of Pumped Storage Power Station

This paper proposes a novel method to calculate the best installed capacity of pumped storage power station. First, we choose the day with maximum load as the typical day for every month and simulate the system running in two cases of whether the pumped storage power station is put into operation. The difference of the total coal consumption between the two cases is the peak load shifting benefit. Furthermore, we build load model and power generation model to calculate the benefit of emergency use and frequency modulation, which are the major projects of dynamic benefits. At last, on the premise of ensuring the system requirements, the developed method employs the maximum benefit of the unit capacity as the objective function to get the best installed capacity of pumped storage power station by simulations. Tests on a provincial power grid have shown that the developed method which combines of load characteristics, electric structure and other factors can get the best installed capacity of pumped storage power station easily and has a certain guiding significance for the planning and construction of the pumped storage power station.

Multi-microgrid Energy Management Systems: Architecture, Communication, and Scheduling Strategies

The increasing penetration of various distributed and renewable energy resources at the consumption premises,along with the advanced metering,control and communication technologies,promotes a transition on the structure of traditional distribution systems towards cyber-physical multi-microgrids(MMGs).The networked MMG system is an interconnected cluster of distributed generators,energy storage as well as controllable loads in a distribution system.And its operation complexity can be decomposed to decrease the burdens of communi-cation and control with a decentralized framework.Consequently,the multi-microgrid energy management system(MIVIGEIV1S)plays a significant role in improving energy efficiency,power quality and reliability of distribution systems,especially in enhancing system resiliency during contingencies.A comprehensive overview on typical functionalities and architectures of MMGEMS is illustrated.Then,the emerging communication technologies for information monitoring and interaction among MMG clusters are surveyed.Furthermore,various energy scheduling and control strategies of MMGs for interactive energy trading,multi-energy management,and resilient operations are thoroughly analyzed and investigated.Lastly,some challenges with great importance in the future research are presented.

Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis in China (2021)

Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute abdominal condition of the digestive system.In recent years,treatment concepts,methods,and strategies for the diagnosis of AP have advanced,and this has played an important role in promoting the standardization of AP diagnosis and treatment and improving the treatment quality of AP patients.On the basis of previous guidelines and expert consensus,this guideline adopts an evidence-based,problem-based expression;synthesizes important clinical research data at home and abroad in the most recent 5 years;and forms 29 recommendations through multidisciplinary expert discussion,including diagnosis,treatment,and follow-up.It is expected to provide evidence support for the treatment of AP in the clinical setting in China.

The current surgical treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms in China: a national wide cross-sectional study

Objective:The aim of this study is to investigate the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(pNENs)undergoing surgery in China.Methods:This is a multicenter cross-sectional study performed in China.Data from patients with pNENs undergoing surgery at 33 high-volume medical centers,where the number of pancreatectomies exceeds 20 cases per year,were collected and analyzed between March 1,2016 and February 28,2017.Results:In total,392 patients with pNENs were enrolled.The male to female ratio was 1.4.The majority of patients were aged between 40 and 70 years.65.6%of the patients had non-functional tumors.Among those with functional tumors,the percentages of insulinomas,gastrinomas,glucagonomas,and vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumors were 94.8%,1.5%,2.2%,and 1.5%,respectively.Multidisciplinary team(MDT)discussion was conducted for 39.0%of the patients.Minimally invasive surgery was performed on 31.1%of the 392 patients.The incidence of grade B/C pancreatic fistula formation was 4.4%.A total of 89.0%of the surgeries achieved R0 resection,and 41.6%of the tumors were well differentiated.Lymph node metastasis was present in 8.9%of the patients.The percentages of patients with grades G1,G2,and G3 disease were 49.2%,45.7%,and 5.1%,respectively.Conclusion:This multicenter cross-sectional study systematically presents the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pNENs undergoing surgery in China.MDT consultation for pNENs has not been widely implemented in China.Although the incidence of surgical complications is relatively low,minimally invasive procedures should be further promoted.This study shows us how to improve the outcomes of these patients.

The current surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer in China: a national wide cross-sectional study

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the current status of pancreatic cancer patients undoing surgical treatment in China and to find ways to improve the survival of these patients in the future. Methods: This study is a national, multicenter, cross-sectional study in China. Information regarding pancreatic cancer patients undergoing surgical treatment from 34 high-volume tertiary IIIA level hospitals was collected and analyzed from the March 1, 2016 to the February 28, 2017. Results: In total, 2200 pancreatic cancer patients were enrolled from 34 tertiary IIIA level hospitals in 16 provinces across China. The male-to-female ratio was 1.5. More than 80% of the patients were between 50 and 70 years old. The top 4 symptoms were epigastric discomfort, abdominal pain, jaundice, and weight loss. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen were elevated in 70.9% and 27.1% of patients, respectively. A multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion was carried out for 35.0% of patients before surgery. The proportion of minimally invasive pancreatic surgeries was approximately 20%. A total of 83.4% of the operations achieved R0 resection, and the incidence of grade 3/4 postoperative complications was 7.7%. Only 13.4% of the patients received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The percentage of pathological stage I tumors was only 24.5%. Conclusion: The majority of pancreatic cancer patients undergoing surgical resection in China are in an advanced stage. The MDT consultations for pancreatic cancer have not been widely carried out. R0 resection has been achieved in most cases, with relatively low incidence of serious complications, but minimally invasive pancreatic surgery should be further promoted. The application of postoperative chemotherapy remains low. This national, multicentre, cross-sectional study comprehensively presents the current status of pancreatic cancer patients undergoing surgical treatment and shows the road to improve survival of these patients in the future.

Repurposing an old anti-fungal drug as a Hedgehog inhibitor

It requires approximately 800 million dollars(US)and 10 years to successfully bring a drug from the laboratory bench into the clinic(DiMasi et al.,2003).Thus,the breakthrough discovery of today will not be available in the clinic for many years,and many dollars,after this initial discovery.One potential way to speed up this drug developmental cycle is by repurposing drugs that have been previously approved for an alternate clinical indication.With this goal in mind,Beachy and colleagues set out to identify a drug with efficacy against tumors that were dependant on the Hedgehog(HH)signaling pathway.They reported in the April issue of a leading cancer research journal that Itraconazole,a commonly used antifungal drug,can be turned against HH’s signaling function(Kim et al.,2010).It has been estimated that 25%of all human tumors may be HH dependent(Teglund et al,2010).

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma holds unique features to form an immunosuppressive microenvironment:a narrative review

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is the most common type and composes about 90%of pancreatic cancer featured with high intra-tumoral heterogeneity and poor prognosis,which has been considered the least immunogenic cancer for decades.However,this characterization might be over-simplistic,and more sophisticated approaches are needed to develop effective treatment strategies.In this review,we aim to summarize studies involving PDAC immunity in different aspects to provide a multidimensional recognition and comprehensively understanding of the mechanisms underlying the tumor microenvironment(TME)of PDAC.A database search of peer-reviewed articles published in English between 2003 and 2022 in PubMed and the Web of Science was performed.Original articles and review articles relevant to the topic were selected.We emphasized the importance of investigating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)in pancreatic cancer,especially focusing on CD8+T cells,along with indicating potential therapeutic strategies to turn the immune-cold PDACs into the immune-hot ones.

Emerging roles of circular RNAs in cancer:a narrative review

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a novel class of endogenous noncoding RNAs characterized by a covalently closed structure and involved in multiple biological processes. The main biological functions and properties of circRNAs can be defined by five features: a "sponging" effect on other RNA species, post-transcriptional regulation, rolling circle translation, generation of pseudogenes, and splicing interference. Although circRNAs were first detected decades ago, the role of circRNAs and the mechanisms underlying their actions remain incompletely characterized. Recently, circRNAs were reported to play indispensable roles in regulating metabolic and signal transduction events controlling the proliferation, migration, and survival of cells. Importantly, many studies demonstrated that dysregulated circRNA expression is associated with the development of multiple diseases, including cancer. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in cancer and discuss their functions as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in different tumor types.

Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in China (2021)

The incidence of pancreatic cancer has been rising worldwide,and its clinical diagnosis and treatment remain a great challenge.To present the update and improvements in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in recent years,Chinese Pancreatic Association,the Chinese Society of Surgery,Chinese Medical Association revised the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer in China(2014)after reviewing evidence-based and problem-oriented literature published during 2015-2021,mainly focusing on highlight issues regarding diagnosis and surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer,conversion strategies for locally advanced pancreatic cancer,treatment of pancreatic cancer with oligo metastasis,adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy,standardized processing of surgical specimens and evaluation of surgical margin status,systemic treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer,genetic testing,as well as postoperative follow up of patients with pancreatic cancer.Forty recommendation items were finally proposed based on the above issues,and the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were graded using the Grades of Recommendation,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation system.This guideline aims to standardize the clinical diagnosis and therapy,especially surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer in China,and further improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.