Evaluation of Ambient Air Quality and Its Changing Trend in Jinan City during 2013-2020

Based on the automatic monitoring data of ambient air in Jinan City from 2013 to 2020,the changing trend and characteristics of air quality in Jinan City during 2013-2020 were analyzed by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,air quality index(AQI)and ambient air quality comprehensive index methods.The three methods are different in principle,purpose of use,and characterization methods,but the conclusions are consistent.The ambient air quality in Jinan City was improved significantly from 2013 to 2020.The prime pollutants were mainly PM_(2.5)and PM_(10),but the impact on air quality declined,and the impact of O_(3)on air quality increased.The complex pollution characteristics were obvious.Air pollution was the most severe in winter and lighter in summer.

Operating characteristic analysis on the ultra-thin low temperature floor-heating system

Prefabricated ultra-thin radiant heating panel,as a new heating terminal type,is becoming a highlight in Yangtze River Valley area,China recently.However,there is a lack of operating characteristic research in this region,especially the energy consumption and operating mode are even less.To obtain these data,a heating system was set up in a duplex house in Chongqing.The test results show that the floor heating system could almost satisfy thermal comfort requirement at supply water temperature 45°C.But the preheating time was up to 4.5 h which was 1 h longer than that at supply water temperature 50°C.Meanwhile,the energy consumption at supply water temperature 50°C increased 0.10 Nm3/h,and the operating efficiency decrease about 2.6%compared to those at water temperature 45°C.Considering both the thermal lag and operating efficiency,a reasonable suggestion was proposed in this paper.That was,the standard families which just stay home at night should adopt the interim mode of partial room with part time.And the supply water temperature should be properly raised during the preheating period and lowered down in the steady heating stage.

Impact of metabolism and the clothing thermal resistance on inpatient thermal comfort

For the purpose that relieves the suffering of the patients and shortens their hospital stay,it is crucial to design and manage the environment control systems reasonably to maintain an appropriate indoor thermal environment.However,all of the current thermal comfort theories are based on a healthy population.There are significant differences in metabolism and clothing thermal resistance between inpatients and healthy people,which are re-garded as vital influenced factors on people’s thermal comfort.Therefore,these existing thermal comfort models may not be applicable for inpatients.In this paper,the patients’comfort equation was derived by modifying the metabolism and the clothing thermal resistance based on the thermal comfort model of Professor Fanger,and the rationality of the model was tested by using field experiment data obtained in general wards.Vali-dated by t-tests,the value of AMV and PMV calculated by the modified equation is not markedly different on a 5%significant level for all patients lying on bed in winter.Moreover,the typical comfort diagrams of inpa-tients were established by solving the thermal comfort equation.The results of this study are intended to assist in the formulation of useful guidelines to facilitate the assessment and management of hospital ward thermal environments.