Inherited metabolic liver diseases arise from genetic mutations that lead to dis-ruptions in liver metabolic pathways and are predominantly observed in pedia-tric populations.The spectrum of genetic metabolic liver di...Inherited metabolic liver diseases arise from genetic mutations that lead to dis-ruptions in liver metabolic pathways and are predominantly observed in pedia-tric populations.The spectrum of genetic metabolic liver disorders is diverse,encompassing a range of conditions associated with aberrations in iron,copper,carbohydrate,lipid,protein,and amino acid metabolism.Historically,research in the domain of genetic metabolic liver diseases has predominantly concentrated on hepatic parenchymal cell alterations.Nevertheless,emerging studies suggest that inherited metabolic liver diseases exert significant influences on the immune microenvironment,both within the liver and systemically.This review endeavors to encapsulate the immunological features of genetic metabolic liver diseases,aiming to expand the horizons of researchers in this discipline,and to elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms pertinent to hereditary metabolic liver diseases and to propose innovative therapeutic approaches.展开更多
A plasmonic refractive index(RI) sensor with high RI sensitivity based on a gold composite structure is proposed.This composite structure is constructed from a perfect gold nano-disk square array on a gold film, with ...A plasmonic refractive index(RI) sensor with high RI sensitivity based on a gold composite structure is proposed.This composite structure is constructed from a perfect gold nano-disk square array on a gold film, with a SiO_2 spacer. The reflection spectra of the composite structure, with analyte RI in the range of 1.30 to 1.40, are theoretically studied using the finite-difference time-domain method. The incident light beam is partly coupled to the localized surface plasmons(LSP) of the single nano-disks and partly transferred to the propagating surface plasmons(PSP) by grating coupling. The reflectivity is nearly zero at the valley of the reflection spectrum because of the strong coupling between LSP and PSP. Also, the full width at half maximum(FWHM) of one of the surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs) modes is very narrow, which is helpful for RI sensing. An RI sensitivity as high as 853 nm/RIU is obtained. The influence of the structure parameters on the RI sensitivity and the sensor figure of merit(FOM) are investigated in detail. We find that the sensor maintains high RI sensitivity over a large range of periods and nano-disk diameters. Results of the theoretical simulation of the composite structure as a plasmonic sensor are promising. Thus, this composite structure could be extensively applied in the fields of biology and chemistry.展开更多
In this study, the mechanical properties of tungsten-rhenium wires with nanofibrous microstructure were investigated at both room temperature(RT) and 800?C. The strengthening mechanism associated to the nanofibrous mi...In this study, the mechanical properties of tungsten-rhenium wires with nanofibrous microstructure were investigated at both room temperature(RT) and 800?C. The strengthening mechanism associated to the nanofibrous microstructure was discussed. The results showed that the tungsten-rhenium wires with nanofibrous grains exhibited a very high tensile strength reaching values of 3.5 GPa and 4.4 GPa for the coarse(grains diameter of 240 nm) and fine(grains diameter of 80 nm) wires, respectively. With increasing the temperature from RT to 800?C, the tensile strength decreased slightly but still held high values(1.8 GPa and 3.8 GPa). All the fracture surfaces exhibited apparent necking and characteristics of spear-edge shaped fracture surface, indicating excellent ductility of the wires. A model of the strengthening mechanism of these tungsten-rhenium wires was proposed.展开更多
In this study,the acidification and two-phase anaerobic digestion(AD)were conducted in batch and continuous stirred tank reactors,respectively,to determine the effect of acidification on methane production in AD.The r...In this study,the acidification and two-phase anaerobic digestion(AD)were conducted in batch and continuous stirred tank reactors,respectively,to determine the effect of acidification on methane production in AD.The results showed that two-phase AD achieved an observable enhancement in the methane production under optimal acidification conditions(organic loading rate of 60 g TS/L,the ratio of raw material to inoculum(based on dry weight)of 2:1,the temperature of 45℃,urea concentration of 4%,and time of 6 d).Under these conditions,the daily biogas and biomethane productions were 0.48 L/g TS and 0.30 L/g TS,respectively,which were 26.32%and 57.89%higher than those of the untreated group,respectively.The ammonia nitrogen(AN),alkalinity,and pH value of the methanogenic phase of C4 continued to increase up to 956 mg/L,5680 mg/L,and 7.41,respectively,after 60 d,which might have destroyed the stability of the system.Therefore,for the purpose of reusing the nitrogen source,reducing AN,and maintaining the stability of the reaction system,another set of acidification and two-phase AD with water pretreatment using the discharge of the methanogenic phase of C4 as the inoculum was subsequently conducted.The results showed that the daily biogas productions of single-phase and two-phase AD were 5.26%and 15.79%higher than that of the untreated group,respectively;similarly,their daily methane yields were 10.42%and 21.05%higher than that of the untreated group.展开更多
The global population of liver cirrhosis is growing,and China harbors a large number of liver cirrhosis patients throughout the world.Portal hypertension(PHT)not only is the aftermath of liver cirrhosis but also impos...The global population of liver cirrhosis is growing,and China harbors a large number of liver cirrhosis patients throughout the world.Portal hypertension(PHT)not only is the aftermath of liver cirrhosis but also imposes a superimposed attack on the cirrhotic liver.It accounts for approximately one‐third of hospitalizations due to massive variceal bleeding,refractory ascites,and liver and extrahepatic organ failures in the Department of Gastroenterology,West China Hospital.The high shortterm mortality and long‐lasting torment of PHT in patients have been pushing us to try to improve the outcome of the disease since 2000.展开更多
Hepatic hydrothorax occurs in 4-12% of patients with liver cirrhosis, A part of patients with persisted hydrothorax resists conservative treatment, known as refractory hepatic hydrothorax （RHH）. Portal vein thrombos...Hepatic hydrothorax occurs in 4-12% of patients with liver cirrhosis, A part of patients with persisted hydrothorax resists conservative treatment, known as refractory hepatic hydrothorax （RHH）. Portal vein thrombosis （PVT） is observed in about 2.1 16.2% patients with liver cirrhosis, which may aggravate portal hypertension.展开更多
基金Supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation(Outstanding Academic Leader),No.23XD1423100National Natural Science Foundation,No.82241221 and No.92059205。
文摘Inherited metabolic liver diseases arise from genetic mutations that lead to dis-ruptions in liver metabolic pathways and are predominantly observed in pedia-tric populations.The spectrum of genetic metabolic liver disorders is diverse,encompassing a range of conditions associated with aberrations in iron,copper,carbohydrate,lipid,protein,and amino acid metabolism.Historically,research in the domain of genetic metabolic liver diseases has predominantly concentrated on hepatic parenchymal cell alterations.Nevertheless,emerging studies suggest that inherited metabolic liver diseases exert significant influences on the immune microenvironment,both within the liver and systemically.This review endeavors to encapsulate the immunological features of genetic metabolic liver diseases,aiming to expand the horizons of researchers in this discipline,and to elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms pertinent to hereditary metabolic liver diseases and to propose innovative therapeutic approaches.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61865008 and 61505074)the Undergraduate Innovation Training Program of Gansu Province,China(Grant No.DC2018002)the Undergraduate Innovation Training Program of Lanzhou University of Technology(Grant No.DC2018004)
文摘A plasmonic refractive index(RI) sensor with high RI sensitivity based on a gold composite structure is proposed.This composite structure is constructed from a perfect gold nano-disk square array on a gold film, with a SiO_2 spacer. The reflection spectra of the composite structure, with analyte RI in the range of 1.30 to 1.40, are theoretically studied using the finite-difference time-domain method. The incident light beam is partly coupled to the localized surface plasmons(LSP) of the single nano-disks and partly transferred to the propagating surface plasmons(PSP) by grating coupling. The reflectivity is nearly zero at the valley of the reflection spectrum because of the strong coupling between LSP and PSP. Also, the full width at half maximum(FWHM) of one of the surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs) modes is very narrow, which is helpful for RI sensing. An RI sensitivity as high as 853 nm/RIU is obtained. The influence of the structure parameters on the RI sensitivity and the sensor figure of merit(FOM) are investigated in detail. We find that the sensor maintains high RI sensitivity over a large range of periods and nano-disk diameters. Results of the theoretical simulation of the composite structure as a plasmonic sensor are promising. Thus, this composite structure could be extensively applied in the fields of biology and chemistry.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51271021)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2162025)State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials,University of Science and Technology Beijing
文摘In this study, the mechanical properties of tungsten-rhenium wires with nanofibrous microstructure were investigated at both room temperature(RT) and 800?C. The strengthening mechanism associated to the nanofibrous microstructure was discussed. The results showed that the tungsten-rhenium wires with nanofibrous grains exhibited a very high tensile strength reaching values of 3.5 GPa and 4.4 GPa for the coarse(grains diameter of 240 nm) and fine(grains diameter of 80 nm) wires, respectively. With increasing the temperature from RT to 800?C, the tensile strength decreased slightly but still held high values(1.8 GPa and 3.8 GPa). All the fracture surfaces exhibited apparent necking and characteristics of spear-edge shaped fracture surface, indicating excellent ductility of the wires. A model of the strengthening mechanism of these tungsten-rhenium wires was proposed.
基金The authors acknowledge that this work was financially supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1900903).
文摘In this study,the acidification and two-phase anaerobic digestion(AD)were conducted in batch and continuous stirred tank reactors,respectively,to determine the effect of acidification on methane production in AD.The results showed that two-phase AD achieved an observable enhancement in the methane production under optimal acidification conditions(organic loading rate of 60 g TS/L,the ratio of raw material to inoculum(based on dry weight)of 2:1,the temperature of 45℃,urea concentration of 4%,and time of 6 d).Under these conditions,the daily biogas and biomethane productions were 0.48 L/g TS and 0.30 L/g TS,respectively,which were 26.32%and 57.89%higher than those of the untreated group,respectively.The ammonia nitrogen(AN),alkalinity,and pH value of the methanogenic phase of C4 continued to increase up to 956 mg/L,5680 mg/L,and 7.41,respectively,after 60 d,which might have destroyed the stability of the system.Therefore,for the purpose of reusing the nitrogen source,reducing AN,and maintaining the stability of the reaction system,another set of acidification and two-phase AD with water pretreatment using the discharge of the methanogenic phase of C4 as the inoculum was subsequently conducted.The results showed that the daily biogas productions of single-phase and two-phase AD were 5.26%and 15.79%higher than that of the untreated group,respectively;similarly,their daily methane yields were 10.42%and 21.05%higher than that of the untreated group.
基金Technological innovation R&D project of Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau,Grant/Award Number:2021‐YF05‐01285‐SN1‐3‐5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence:Clinical Research Incubation Project,Grant/Award Number:2019HXFH024。
文摘The global population of liver cirrhosis is growing,and China harbors a large number of liver cirrhosis patients throughout the world.Portal hypertension(PHT)not only is the aftermath of liver cirrhosis but also imposes a superimposed attack on the cirrhotic liver.It accounts for approximately one‐third of hospitalizations due to massive variceal bleeding,refractory ascites,and liver and extrahepatic organ failures in the Department of Gastroenterology,West China Hospital.The high shortterm mortality and long‐lasting torment of PHT in patients have been pushing us to try to improve the outcome of the disease since 2000.
基金This study was supported by grants from tile National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81400637） and the Research Foundation for Residents of West China Hospital.
文摘Hepatic hydrothorax occurs in 4-12% of patients with liver cirrhosis, A part of patients with persisted hydrothorax resists conservative treatment, known as refractory hepatic hydrothorax （RHH）. Portal vein thrombosis （PVT） is observed in about 2.1 16.2% patients with liver cirrhosis, which may aggravate portal hypertension.
