Deliberate self-harm among pediatric psychiatric inpatients in China:A single-center retrospective study

BACKGROUND For children and adolescents,deliberate self-harm(DSH)is becoming a mental health problem of concern.Despite several studies on the prevalence and factors of DSH in the world,there is little information on DSH among children and adolescents in China.This study explores the prevalence,types,associated risk factors and tendency of DSH in pediatric psychiatric inpatients in China.AIM To understand the situation of DSH among hospitalized children and adolescents and its related factors.METHODS In this study,we retrospectively studied 1414 hospitalized children and adolescents with mental illness at Xiamen Mental Health Center from 2014 to 2019,extracted the demographic and clinical data of all patients,and analyzed clinical risk factors of DSH.RESULTS A total of 239(16.90%)patients engaged in at least one type of DSH in our study.Cutting(n=115,48.12%)was the most common type of DSH.Females(n=171,71.55%)were more likely to engage in DSH than males(n=68,28.45%).DSH was positively associated with depressive disorders[OR=3.845(2.196-6.732);P<0.01],female[OR=2.536(1.815-3.542);P<0.01],parental marital status[OR=5.387(2.254-12.875);P<0.01]and negative family history of psychiatric illness[OR=7.767(2.952-20.433);P<0.01],but not with occupation,substance use and history of physical abuse.CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that for patients with depression,females,an abnormal marriage of parents,and no history of mental illness,attention should be paid to the occurrence of DSH.

Electroacupuncture promotes peripheral nerve regeneration after facial nerve crush injury and upregulates the expression of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor

The efficacy of electroacupuncture in the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis is known, but the specific mechanism has not been clarified. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) has been shown to protect neurons by binding to N-cadherin. Our previous results have shown that electroacupuncture could increase the expression of N-cadherin mRNA in facial neurons and promote facial nerve regeneration. In this study, the potential mechanisms by which electroacupuncture promotes nerve regeneration were elucidated through assessing the effects of electroacupuncture on GDNF and N-cadherin expression in facial motoneurons of rabbits with peripheral facial nerve crush injury. New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a normal group(normal control, n = 21), injury group(n = 45) and electroacupuncture group(n = 45). Model rabbits underwent facial nerve crush injury only. Rabbits in the electroacupuncture group received facial nerve injury, and then underwent electroacupuncture at Yifeng(TE17), Jiache(ST6), Sibai(ST2), Dicang(ST4), Yangbai(GB14), Quanliao(SI18), and Hegu(LI4; only acupuncture, no electrical stimulation). The results showed that in behavioral assessments, the total scores of blink reflex, vibrissae movement, and position of apex nasi, were markedly lower in the EA group than those in the injury group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the right buccinator muscle of each group showed that the cross-sectional area of buccinator was larger in the electroacupuncture group than in the injury group on days 1, 14 and 21 post-surgery. Toluidine blue staining of the right facial nerve tissue of each group revealed that on day 14 post-surgery, there was less axonal demyelination and fewer inflammatory cells in the electroacupuncture group compared with the injury group. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction showed that compared with the injury group, N-cadherin mRNA levels on days 4, 7, 14 and 21 and GDNF mRNA levels on days 4, 7 and 14 were significantly higher in the electroacupuncture group. Western blot assay displayed that compared with the injury group, the expression of GDNF protein levels on days 7, 14 and 21 were significantly upregulated in the electroacupuncture group. The histology with hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining of brainstem tissues containing facial neurons in the middle and lower part of the pons exhibited that on day 7 post-surgery, there were significantly fewer apoptotic neurons in the electroacupuncture group than in the injury group. By day 21, there was no significantly difference in the number of neurons between the electroacupuncture and normal groups. Taken together, these results have confirmed that electroacupuncture promotes regeneration of peripheral facial nerve injury in rabbits, inhibits neuronal apoptosis, and reduces peripheral inflammatory response, resulting in the recovery of facial muscle function. This is achieved by up-regulating the expression of GDNF and N-cadherin in central facial neurons.

New semi-quantum key agreement protocol based on high-dimensional single-particle states

A new efficient two-party semi-quantum key agreement protocol is proposed with high-dimensional single-particle states.Different from the previous semi-quantum key agreement protocols based on the two-level quantum system,the propounded protocol makes use of the advantage of the high-dimensional quantum system,which possesses higher efficiency and better robustness against eavesdropping.Besides,the protocol allows the classical participant to encode the secret key with qudit shifting operations without involving any quantum measurement abilities.The designed semi-quantum key agreement protocol could resist both participant attacks and outsider attacks.Meanwhile,the conjoint analysis of security and efficiency provides an appropriate choice for reference on the dimension of single-particle states and the number of decoy states.

Hierarchical Fe3O4@C nanofoams derived from metal-organic frameworks for high-performance lithium storage

A facile method was employed to in situ prepare hierarchical mesoporous Fe3O4@C nanofoams through pyrolysis of a post-treated MIL-53(Fe)precursor.Welldefined carbon network-encapsulated ultrasmall and uniform Fe3O4 octahedrons can be obtained by controlling the pyrolysis temperature.This unique artificial shows the excellent lithium storage performance.A reversible discharge capacity of 861.9 mAh·g-1 is observed at 0.1 A·g-1after 300 cycles.Even at a high current density of 1 A·g-1,the reversible discharge capacity can still reach 605.2 mAh·g-1 after 500 cycles.Good rate capability is also observed,as the specific discharge capacities are833.6,729.9,666.8,643.6 and 635.6 mAh·g-1 at current density of 0.2,0.5,0.8,1.0 and 1.2 A·g-1,respectively.The attractive electrochemical performance of Fe3 O4@C nanofoams should be attributed to the hierarchical foamlike structure,which can effectively relieve the volume change during the lithiation/delithiation process and facilitate fast lithium-ion and electron transport.

Study on Quality Markers and Action Mechanisms of Inulae Flos on Anti-Hepatitis Through Network Pharmacology and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprints

Objective:The objective of the study is to combine network pharmacology with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)to screen for quality markers(Q-markers)of Inulae Flos and predict mechanism on anti-hepatitis.Materials and Methods:Active ingredient library of Inulae Flos is structured using databases and the literature.“Compound-target-pathway”network on anti-hepatitis and protein–protein interaction(PPI)network are constructed using network pharmacology.Next,chromatographic fingerprints of Inulae Flos in 7 origins are obtained through HPLC,and chemometric analysis is implemented to identify chemical markers,which is combined with network pharmacology to identify Q-markers and detect content.Results:1,6-O,O-Diacetylbritannilactone,Ivangustin,and Inulanolide A are key ingredients of Inulae Flos to interact with 82 potential targets related to anti-hepatitis.Furthermore,signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,tumor necrosis factor,interleukin-6,and transcription factor AP-1 are the core targets in the PPI network.Chromatographic fingerprints of the Inulae Flos define 20 common peaks and identify 8 peaks using reference substances.Through partial least square discriminant analysis,7compounds including caffeic acid,chlorogenic acid,and 1,6-O,O-Diacetylbritannilactone were main chemical markers for variability.1,6-O,O-Diacetylbritannilactone is both a key ingredient and exclusive chemical marker.Therefore,1,6-O,O-diacetylbritannilactone is a Q-marker of Inulae Flos,and the average content is 1.82 mg/g.Conclusion:1,6-O,O-diacetylbritannilactone is determined to be a Q-marker of Inulae Flos.

基于聚丙烯酸二维光子晶体水凝胶的阳离子表面活性剂传感器

以聚苯乙烯二维光子晶体为模板,丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,2,2-二乙氧基苯乙酮为引发剂,紫外光引发聚合,制备聚丙烯酸二维光子晶体水凝胶(PAA 2D-PCH),利用德拜环法研究了其对阳离子表面活性剂的刺激响应行为.实验结果表明,在pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,PAA 2D-PCH对阳离子表面活性剂有灵敏的响应,凝胶体积收缩,引起颗粒间距减小,德拜环直径增大,衍射波长蓝移,当氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)、溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)浓度由0增加到4×10-3 mol/L时,德拜环直径分别增加了5.95、5.50、5.05 cm,颗粒间距分别减小了380、364、341 nm;而在阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂和两性离子表面活性剂溶液中,PAA 2D-PCH的德拜环直径基本保持不变,表明其对阴离子型、非离子型和两性离子表面活性剂均无响应.该PAA 2D-PCH制备简单,有望作为传感器用于水体中阳离子表面活性剂的检测,无需复杂的仪器设备,操作方便、可重复利用,兼具可视化的特点.

高灵敏度二维光子晶体水凝胶Cu^2+传感器

以聚苯乙烯二维光子晶体阵列为模板,戊二醛为交联剂,制备了聚乙烯醇二维光子晶体水凝胶(PVA 2DPCH),再以巯基乙酸为酯化剂,通过聚乙烯醇(PVA)的巯基化改性,得到巯基化聚乙烯醇二维光子晶体水凝胶(PVA-SH 2DPCH).利用德拜环法,研究了PVA-SH 2DPCH对Cu^2+的响应行为.结果表明,PVA-SH 2DPCH对Cu^2+具有超灵敏响应,在Cu^2+溶液中,凝胶收缩,其德拜环直径(D)随Cu^2+浓度的增大而增大,当Cu^2+浓度由0增加至10^−15 mol/L时,其德拜环直径即可增加0.45 cm,当浓度继续增大到10^−7 mol/L时,其德拜环直径(ΔD)可增加0.85 cm.当Cu^2+浓度在10^−15~10^−7 mol/L范围内时,PVA-SH 2DPCH的德拜环直径变化(ΔD)与Cu^2+浓度(c)呈线性关系,其线性回归方程为ΔD=1.195+0.0493×logc,(ΔD,cm;c,mol/L),R^2=0.99899.以制备的PVA-SH 2DPCH为Cu^2+传感器,利用德拜环法表征溶液中Cu^2+的浓度,方法简单快速兼具无标记、可视化检测的特点,为现场实时检测Cu^2+提供了可能.

免疫球蛋白Y的微胶囊化:响应面法优化及其模拟胃肠道控释

目的:制备、优化、表征和体外评价包埋免疫球蛋白Y(Ig Y)的壳寡糖-海藻酸盐微胶囊,以实现Ig Y的胃肠道控释,提高Ig Y胃肠道消化过程中的活性保持率。创新点:以壳寡糖为涂层,采用两步法制备包埋Ig Y的微胶囊;采用响应面法全面优化了微胶囊的配方工艺;对Ig Y的体外控释进行了系统的评价。方法:通过两步离子凝胶法制备包埋Ig Y的微胶囊,采用响应面法优化微胶囊配方工艺,通过包埋率、负载率、平均粒径、微观形貌、色度和球形度等指标表征微胶囊,采用模拟胃肠道消化体系体外评价Ig Y的释放动力学和免疫活性保持率。结论:采用响应面法优化的微胶囊配方工艺为海藻酸钠浓度1.56%(15.6 g/L)、壳寡糖浓度0.61%(6.1 g/L)和Ig Y/海藻酸钠比率62.44%(质量比),由此制备的微胶囊包埋率达65.19%,负载率达33.75%,平均粒径为588.75μm。壳寡糖涂层通过填充效应和静电相互作用使微胶囊表面更加光滑和连续,从而显著降低了模拟胃肠道消化过程中Ig Y的释放速率。微胶囊中Ig Y的模拟胃部控释和模拟肠道控释分别符合零级动力学方程和一级动力学方程(R2>0.99)。微胶囊在模拟胃肠道消化4h后的Ig Y免疫活性保持率达84.37%,远高于未进行微胶囊化保护的Ig Y(5.33%)。