There are well-established chemical and turbidity anomalies in the plumes occurring vicinity of hydrothermal vents, which are used to indicate their existence and locations. We here develop a small, accurate multi-cha...There are well-established chemical and turbidity anomalies in the plumes occurring vicinity of hydrothermal vents, which are used to indicate their existence and locations. We here develop a small, accurate multi-channel chemical sensor to detect such anomalies which can be used in deep-sea at depths of more than 4 000 m. The design allowed five all-solid-state electrodes to be mounted on it and each (apart from one reference electrode) could be changed according to chemicals to be measured. Two experiments were conducted using the chemical sensors. The first was a shallow-sea trial which included sample measurements and in situ monitoring. pH, Eh, CO3^2- and SO4^2- electrodes were utilized to demonstrate that the chemical sensor was accurate and stable outside the laboratory. In the second experiment, the chemical sensor was integrated with pH, Eh, CO3^2- and H2S electrodes, and was used in 29 scans of the seabed along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) to detect hydrothermal vents, from which 27 sets of valid data were obtained. Hydrothermal vents were identified by analyzing the chemical anomalies, the primary judging criteria were decreasing voltages of Eh and H2S, matched by increasing voltages of pH and CO3^2- . We proposed that simultaneous detection of changes in these parameters will indicate a hydrothermal vent. Amongst the 27 valid sets of data, five potential hydrothermal vents were targeted using the proposed method. We suggest that our sensors could be widely employed by marine scientists.展开更多
Harvesting vibration energy has attracted the attention of researchers in recent decades as a promising approach for powering wireless sensor networks.The hybridization of piezoelectricity and electromagnetism has pro...Harvesting vibration energy has attracted the attention of researchers in recent decades as a promising approach for powering wireless sensor networks.The hybridization of piezoelectricity and electromagnetism has proven helpful in the improvement of vibration energy harvesting.In this study,we explore the integration of piezoelectric and electromagnetic parts in one vibration energy harvesting device.Lumped-parameter models of the system are derived considering the different connection topologies of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic parts.Numerical predictions from these models are compared with experimental results to throw light on the nonlinearities in the system.Modifications of the system are also explored to provide insights into opportunities to improve its performance and that of future vibration energy harvesters.展开更多
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),as persistent toxic substances(PTS),have been widely monitored in coastal environment,including seawater and sediment.However,scientific monitoring methods,like ecological risk a...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),as persistent toxic substances(PTS),have been widely monitored in coastal environment,including seawater and sediment.However,scientific monitoring methods,like ecological risk assessment and integrated biomarker response,still need massive researches to verify their availabilities.This study was performed in March,May,August and October of 2018 at eight sites,Yellow River estuary(S1),Guangli Port(S2),Xiaying(S3),Laizhou(S4),Inner Bay(S5),Outer Bay(S6),Hongdao(S7)and Hongshiya(S8)of Shandong Peninsula,China.The contents of 16 priority PAHs in local seawater and sediment were determined,by which ecological risk assessment risk quotient(RQ)for seawater and sediment quality guidelines(SQGs)were calculated to characterize the PAHs pollution.Meanwhile,multiple biomarkers in the digestive gland of clam Ruditapes philippinarum were measured to represent different biological endpoints,including ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD),glutathione S-transferase(GST),sulfotransferase(SULT),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and lipid peroxidation(LPO),by which integrated biomarker response(IBR)was calculated to provide a comprehensive assessment of environmental quality.Taken together,these results revealed the heaviest pollution at S2 as both PAHs concentrations and biomarkers responses reflected,and supported the integrated biomarker response as a useful tool for marine environmental monitoring,through its integration with SQGs.展开更多
基金The Open Foundation of Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry,SOA under contract No.LMEB201701
文摘There are well-established chemical and turbidity anomalies in the plumes occurring vicinity of hydrothermal vents, which are used to indicate their existence and locations. We here develop a small, accurate multi-channel chemical sensor to detect such anomalies which can be used in deep-sea at depths of more than 4 000 m. The design allowed five all-solid-state electrodes to be mounted on it and each (apart from one reference electrode) could be changed according to chemicals to be measured. Two experiments were conducted using the chemical sensors. The first was a shallow-sea trial which included sample measurements and in situ monitoring. pH, Eh, CO3^2- and SO4^2- electrodes were utilized to demonstrate that the chemical sensor was accurate and stable outside the laboratory. In the second experiment, the chemical sensor was integrated with pH, Eh, CO3^2- and H2S electrodes, and was used in 29 scans of the seabed along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) to detect hydrothermal vents, from which 27 sets of valid data were obtained. Hydrothermal vents were identified by analyzing the chemical anomalies, the primary judging criteria were decreasing voltages of Eh and H2S, matched by increasing voltages of pH and CO3^2- . We proposed that simultaneous detection of changes in these parameters will indicate a hydrothermal vent. Amongst the 27 valid sets of data, five potential hydrothermal vents were targeted using the proposed method. We suggest that our sensors could be widely employed by marine scientists.
基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(No.LY22E050013)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M690545)+1 种基金is also supported in part by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZY22E050001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51805124).
文摘Harvesting vibration energy has attracted the attention of researchers in recent decades as a promising approach for powering wireless sensor networks.The hybridization of piezoelectricity and electromagnetism has proven helpful in the improvement of vibration energy harvesting.In this study,we explore the integration of piezoelectric and electromagnetic parts in one vibration energy harvesting device.Lumped-parameter models of the system are derived considering the different connection topologies of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic parts.Numerical predictions from these models are compared with experimental results to throw light on the nonlinearities in the system.Modifications of the system are also explored to provide insights into opportunities to improve its performance and that of future vibration energy harvesters.
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(No.20180163)the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers(No.20180165)。
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),as persistent toxic substances(PTS),have been widely monitored in coastal environment,including seawater and sediment.However,scientific monitoring methods,like ecological risk assessment and integrated biomarker response,still need massive researches to verify their availabilities.This study was performed in March,May,August and October of 2018 at eight sites,Yellow River estuary(S1),Guangli Port(S2),Xiaying(S3),Laizhou(S4),Inner Bay(S5),Outer Bay(S6),Hongdao(S7)and Hongshiya(S8)of Shandong Peninsula,China.The contents of 16 priority PAHs in local seawater and sediment were determined,by which ecological risk assessment risk quotient(RQ)for seawater and sediment quality guidelines(SQGs)were calculated to characterize the PAHs pollution.Meanwhile,multiple biomarkers in the digestive gland of clam Ruditapes philippinarum were measured to represent different biological endpoints,including ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD),glutathione S-transferase(GST),sulfotransferase(SULT),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and lipid peroxidation(LPO),by which integrated biomarker response(IBR)was calculated to provide a comprehensive assessment of environmental quality.Taken together,these results revealed the heaviest pollution at S2 as both PAHs concentrations and biomarkers responses reflected,and supported the integrated biomarker response as a useful tool for marine environmental monitoring,through its integration with SQGs.