Expert consensus on One Health for establishing an enhanced and integrated surveillance system for key infectious diseases

China has been continuously improving its monitoring methods and strategies to address key infectious diseases(KIDs).After the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in 2003,China established a comprehensive report-ing system for infectious diseases(IDs)and public health emergencies.The relatively lagging warning thresholds,limited warning information,and outdated warning technology are insufficient to meet the needs of comprehensive monitoring for modern KIDs.Strengthening early monitoring and warning capabilities to enhance the public health system has become a top priority,with increasing demand for early warning thresholds,information,and tech-niques,thanks to constant innovation and development in molecular biology,bioinformatics,artificial intelligence,and other identification and analysis technologies.A panel of 31 experts has recommended a fourth-generation comprehensive surveillance system targeting KIDs(41 notifiable diseases and emerging IDs).The aim of this surveil-lance system is to systematically monitor the epidemiology and causal pathogens of KIDs in hosts such as humans,animals,and vectors,along with associated environmental pathogens.By integrating factors influencing epidemic spread and risk assessment,the surveillance system can serve to detect,predict,and provide early warnings for the occurrence,development,variation,and spread of known or novel KIDs.Moreover,we recommend comprehensive ID monitoring based on the fourth-generation surveillance system,along with a data-integrated monitoring and early warning platform and a consortium pathogen detection technology system.This series of considerations is based on systematic and comprehensive monitoring across multiple sectors,dimensions,factors,and pathogens that is sup-ported by data integration and connectivity.This expert consensus will provides an opportunity for collaboration in various fields and relies on interdisciplinary application to enhance comprehensive monitoring,prediction,and early warning capabilities for the next generation of ID surveillance.This expert consensus will serve as a reference for ID prevention and control as well as other related activities.

The First Reported Case of COVID-19 and Plasmodium ovale Malaria Coinfection—Guangdong Province,China,January 2021

The current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to global health(1–3).The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are similar to those of malaria,such as fever,myalgia,fatigue,headache,and gastrointestinal symptoms.Due to the heavy burden of medical services and the possible shortage of resources caused by the long-term COVID-19 pandemic,the risk of coinfection of malaria and COVID-19 is a matter of particular concern.Here we reported the first case of COVID-19 coinfection with Plasmodium ovale(P.ovale)malaria in a 47-year-old man who had been previously diagnosed with Plasmodium infection and incompletely treated with antimalarial drugs.