A Newton multigrid method for steady-state shallow water equations with topography and dry areas

A Newton multigrid method is developed for one-dimensional （1D） and two- dimensional （2D） steady-state shallow water equations （SWEs） with topography and dry areas. The nonlinear system arising from the well-balanced finite volume discretization of the steady-state SWEs is solved by the Newton method as the outer iteration and a geometric multigrid method with the block symmetric Gauss-Seidel smoother as the inner iteration. The proposed Newton multigrid method makes use of the local residual to regularize the Jacobian matrix of the Newton iteration, and can handle the steady- state problem with wet/dry transition. Several numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency, robustness, and well-balanced property of the proposed method. The relation between the convergence behavior of the Newton multigrid method and the distribution of the eigenvalues of the iteration matrix is detailedly discussed.

ON THE EXPLICIT TWO-STAGE FOURTH-ORDER ACCURATE TIME DISCRETIZATIONS

This paper continues to study the explicit two-stage fourth-order accurate time discretizations[5-7].By introducing variable weights,we propose a class of more general explicit one-step two-stage time discretizations,which are different from the existing methods,e.g.the Euler methods,Runge-Kutta methods,and multistage multiderivative methods etc.We study the absolute stability,the stability interval,and the intersection between the imaginary axis and the absolute stability region.Our results show that our two-stage time discretizations can be fourth-order accurate conditionally,the absolute stability region of the proposed methods with some special choices of the variable weights can be larger than that of the classical explicit fourth-or fifth-order Runge-Kutta method,and the interval of absolute stability can be almost twice as much as the latter.Several numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate the performance and accuracy as well as the stability of our proposed methods.

Genuinely Multidimensional Physical-Constraints-Preserving FiniteVolume Schemes for the Special Relativistic Hydrodynamics

This paper develops the genuinely multidimensional HLL Riemann solver for the two-dimensional special relativistic hydrodynamic equations on Cartesian meshes and studies its physical-constraint-preserving(PCP)property.Based on the resulting HLL solver,the first-and high-order accurate PCP finite volume schemes are proposed.In the high-order scheme,the WENO reconstruction,the third-order accurate strong-stability-preserving time discretizations and the PCP flux limiter are used.Several numerical results are given to demonstrate the accuracy,performance and resolution of the shock waves and the genuinely multi-dimensional wave structures etc.of our PCP finite volume schemes.

High-Order Accurate Entropy Stable Finite Difference Schemes for One- and Two-Dimensional Special Relativistic Hydrodynamics

This paper develops the high-order accurate entropy stable finite difference schemes for one-and two-dimensional special relativistic hydrodynamic equations.The schemes are built on the entropy conservative flux and the weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)technique as well as explicit Runge-Kutta time discretization.The key is to technically construct the affordable entropy conservative flux of the semi-discrete second-order accurate entropy conservative schemes satisfying the semi-discrete entropy equality for the found convex entropy pair.As soon as the entropy conservative flux is derived,the dissipation term can be added to give the semidiscrete entropy stable schemes satisfying the semi-discrete entropy inequality with the given convex entropy function.The WENO reconstruction for the scaled entropy variables and the high-order explicit Runge-Kutta time discretization are implemented to obtain the fully-discrete high-order entropy stable schemes.Several numerical tests are conducted to validate the accuracy and the ability to capture discontinuities of our entropy stable schemes.

High-Order Accurate Runge-Kutta (Local) Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for One- and Two-Dimensional Fractional Diffusion Equations

As the generalization of the integer order partial differential equations(PDE),the fractional order PDEs are drawing more and more attention for their applications in fluid flow,finance and other areas.This paper presents high-order accurate Runge-Kutta local discontinuous Galerkin(DG)methods for one-and two-dimensional fractional diffusion equations containing derivatives of fractional order in space.The Caputo derivative is chosen as the representation of spatial derivative,because it may represent the fractional derivative by an integral operator.Some numerical examples show that the convergence orders of the proposed local Pk–DG methods are O(hk+1)both in one and two dimensions,where Pk denotes the space of the real-valued polynomials with degree at most k.

AnAdaptive Moving Mesh Method for Two-Dimensional Relativistic Hydrodynamics

This paper extends the adaptive moving mesh method developed by Tang and Tang[36]to two-dimensional(2D)relativistic hydrodynamic(RHD)equations.The algorithm consists of two“independent”parts:the time evolution of the RHD equations and the(static)mesh iteration redistribution.In the first part,the RHD equations are discretized by using a high resolution finite volume scheme on the fixed but nonuniform meshes without the full characteristic decomposition of the governing equations.The second part is an iterative procedure.In each iteration,the mesh points are first redistributed,and then the cell averages of the conservative variables are remapped onto the new mesh in a conservative way.Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Accuracy of the Adaptive GRP Scheme and the Simulation of 2-D Riemann Problems for Compressible Euler Equations

The adaptive generalized Riemann problem(GRP)scheme for 2-D compressible fluid flows has been proposed in[J.Comput.Phys.,229(2010),1448–1466]and it displays the capability in overcoming difficulties such as the start-up error for a single shock,and the numerical instability of the almost stationary shock.In this paper,we will provide the accuracy study and particularly show the performance in simulating 2-D complex wave configurations formulated with the 2-D Riemann problems for compressible Euler equations.For this purpose,we will first review the GRP scheme briefly when combined with the adaptive moving mesh technique and consider the accuracy of the adaptive GRP scheme via the comparison with the explicit formulae of analytic solutions of planar rarefaction waves,planar shock waves,the collapse problem of a wedge-shaped dam and the spiral formation problem.Then we simulate the full set of wave configurations in the 2-D four-wave Riemann problems for compressible Euler equations[SIAM J.Math.Anal.,21(1990),593–630],including the interactions of strong shocks(shock reflections),vortex-vortex and shock-vortex etc.This study combines the theoretical results with the numerical simulations,and thus demonstrates what Ami Harten observed"for computational scientists there are two kinds of truth:the truth that you prove,and the truth you see when you compute"[J.Sci.Comput.,31(2007),185–193].

AN EFFICIENT ADER DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN SCHEME FOR DIRECTLY SOLVING HAMILTON-JACOBI EQUATION

This paper proposes an efficient ADER(Arbitrary DERivatives in space and time)discontinuous Galerkin(DG)scheme to directly solve the Hamilton-Jacobi equation.Unlike multi-stage Runge-Kutta methods used in the Runge-Kutta DG(RKDG)schemes,the ADER scheme is one-stage in time discretization,which is desirable in many applications.The ADER scheme used here relies on a local continuous spacetime Galerkin predictor instead of the usual Cauchy-Kovalewski procedure to achieve high order accuracy both in space and time.In such predictor step,a local Cauchy problem in each cell is solved based on a weak formulation of the original equations in spacetime.The resulting spacetime representation of the numerical solution provides the temporal accuracy that matches the spatial accuracy of the underlying DG solution.The scheme is formulated in the modal space and the volume integral and the numerical fluxes at the cell interfaces can be explicitly written.The explicit formulae of the scheme at third order is provided on two-dimensional structured meshes.The computational complexity of the ADER-DG scheme is compared to that of the RKDG scheme.Numerical experiments are also provided to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our scheme.

TWO-STAGE FOURTH-ORDER ACCURATE TIME DISCRETIZATIONS FOR 1D AND 2D SPECIAL RELATIVISTIC HYDRODYNAMICS

This paper studies the two-stage fourth-order accurate time discretization[J.Q.Li and Z.F.Du,SIAM J.Sci.Comput.,38(2016)]and its application to the special relativistic hydrodynamical equations.Our analysis reveals that the new two-stage fourth-order accurate time discretizations can be proposed.With the aid of the direct Eulerian GRP(generalized Riemann problem)methods and the analytical resolution of the local“quasi 1D”GRP,the two-stage fourth-order accurate time discretizations are successfully implemented for the 1D and 2D special relativistic hydrodynamical equations.Several numerical experiments demonstrate the performance and accuracy as well as robustness of our schemes.

Globally hyperbolic moment model of arbitrary order for the three-dimensional special relativistic Boltzmann equation with the Anderson-Witting collision

This paper continues to derive the globally hyperbolic moment model of arbitrary order for the three-dimensional special relativistic Boltzmann equation with the Anderson-Witting collision.The method is the model reduction by the operator projection.Finding an orthogonal basis of the weighted polynomial space is crucial and built on infinite families of the complicate relativistic Grad type orthogonal polynomials depending on a parameter and the real spherical harmonics instead of the irreducible tensors.We study the properties of those functions carefully,including their recurrence relations,their derivatives with respect to the independent variable and the parameter,and the zeros of the orthogonal polynomials.Our moment model is proved to be globally hyperbolic and linearly stable.Moreover,the Lorentz covariance,the quasi-one-dimensional case,and the non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic limits are also studied.

Interaction of Solitary Waves with a Phase Shift in a Nonlinear Dirac Model

This paper presents a further numerical study of the interaction dynamics for solitary waves in a nonlinear Dirac model with scalar self-interaction,the Soler model,by using a fourth order accurate Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method.The phase plane method is employed for the first time to analyze the interaction of Dirac solitary waves and reveals that the relative phase of those waves may vary with the interaction.In general,the interaction of Dirac solitary waves depends on the initial phase shift.If two equal solitary waves are in-phase or out-of-phase initially,so are they during the interaction;if the initial phase shift is far away from 0 andπ,the relative phase begins to periodically evolve after a finite time.In the interaction of out-of-phase Dirac solitary waves,we can observe:(a)full repulsion in binary and ternary collisions,depending on the distance between initial waves;(b)repulsing first,attracting afterwards,and then collapse in binary and ternary collisions of initially resting two-humped waves;(c)one-overlap interaction and two-overlap interaction in ternary collisions of initially resting waves.

A High-Order Accurate Gas-Kinetic Scheme for One-and Two-Dimensional Flow Simulation

This paper develops a high-order accurate gas-kinetic scheme in the framework of the finite volume method for the one-and two-dimensional flow simulations,which is an extension of the third-order accurate gas-kinetic scheme[Q.B.Li,K.Xu,and S.Fu,J.Comput.Phys.,229(2010),6715-6731]and the second-order accurate gas-kinetic scheme[K.Xu,J.Comput.Phys.,171(2001),289-335].It is formed by two parts:quartic polynomial reconstruction of the macroscopic variables and fourth-order accurate flux evolution.The first part reconstructs a piecewise cell-center based quartic polynomial and a cell-vertex based quartic polynomial according to the“initial”cell average approximation of macroscopic variables to recover locally the non-equilibrium and equilibrium single particle velocity distribution functions around the cell interface.It is in view of the fact that all macroscopic variables become moments of a single particle velocity distribution function in the gas-kinetic theory.The generalized moment limiter is employed there to suppress the possible numerical oscillation.In the second part,the macroscopic flux at the cell interface is evolved in fourth-order accuracy by means of the simple particle transport mechanism in the microscopic level,i.e.free transport and the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook(BGK)collisions.In other words,the fourth-order flux evolution is based on the solution(i.e.the particle velocity distribution function)of the BGK model for the Boltzmann equation.Several 1D and 2D test problems are numerically solved by using the proposed high-order accurate gas-kinetic scheme.By comparing with the exact solutions or the numerical solutions obtained the secondorder or third-order accurate gas-kinetic scheme,the computations demonstrate that our scheme is effective and accurate for simulating invisid and viscous fluid flows,and the accuracy of the high-order GKS depends on the choice of the(numerical)collision time.