Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily and have diverse functions during development and organogenesis. BMPs play a major role in skeletal development and bone formation, and disrupti...Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily and have diverse functions during development and organogenesis. BMPs play a major role in skeletal development and bone formation, and disruptions in BMP signaling cause a variety of skeletal and extraskeletal anomalies. Several knockout models have provided insight into the mechanisms responsible for these phenotypes. Proper bone formation requires the differentiation of osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) precursors, a process mediated in part by BMP signaling. Multiple BMPs, including BMP2, BMP6, BMP7 and BMP9, promote osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. BMP9 is one of the most osteogenic BMPs, yet it is a poorly characterized member of the BMP family. Several studies demonstrate that the mechanisms controlling BMP9-mediated osteogenesis differ from other osteogenic BMPs, but little is known about these specific mechanisms. Several pathways critical to BMP9-mediated osteogenesis are also important in the differentiation of other cell lineages, including adipocytes and chondrocytes. BMP9 has also demonstrated translational promise in spinal fusion and bone fracture repair. This review will summarize our current knowledge of BMP-mediated osteogenesis, with a focus on BMP9, by presenting recently completed work which may help us to further elucidate these pathways.展开更多
The authors regret having an image assembly error in Figure 3A,in which the image for "imPOD Synaptopodin DAPl stain"groupwas erroneouslyduplicatedwiththe imagefrom the"tsPOD-33C SynaptopodinDAPIstain&q...The authors regret having an image assembly error in Figure 3A,in which the image for "imPOD Synaptopodin DAPl stain"groupwas erroneouslyduplicatedwiththe imagefrom the"tsPOD-33C SynaptopodinDAPIstain"group.We confirm the error is restricted to the image assembly,and the underlying data and conclusions are correct and unchanged.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.展开更多
The authors regret that an image assembly(copy/paste)error in Figure 3D,in which the image for the organoid of"Primary MiCs"group was erroneously duplicated with an image of primary MICs that was previously ...The authors regret that an image assembly(copy/paste)error in Figure 3D,in which the image for the organoid of"Primary MiCs"group was erroneously duplicated with an image of primary MICs that was previously published.The corrected figure is shown below.As shown in the corrected Figure 3D,this error does not adversely impact the conclusion of the original work.The authors would like to apologise forany inconvenience caused.展开更多
Specialized therapeutic delivery, or use of pharmaceuticals and other biomaterials to target specific parts of the body or diseased tissue, has long been sought as an ideal way of treating human diseases. A recent art...Specialized therapeutic delivery, or use of pharmaceuticals and other biomaterials to target specific parts of the body or diseased tissue, has long been sought as an ideal way of treating human diseases. A recent article published in Nature Biomedical Engineering revealed an innovative strategy to engineer nucleus-free human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for targeted delivery of therapeutics to disease site.1 MSCs have emerged as promising vehicles of therapeutic delivery.2,3 MSCs are undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells derived from areas such as bone marrow and adipose tissue.4,5 MSCs are sought after for their chemotaxis, or ability to home towards a chemical stimulus, and capacity for modification with elements such as chemoattractant receptors and adhesion molecules.1 These properties allow for site-specific and minimally-invasive therapeutic administration and treatment.展开更多
The authors regret having an image assembly error in Figure 5Ca,in which the image for the "Oh dBiFP-AdRFp"group was erroneously duplicated with an overlapping image from the"36h BiFP dBIFP-AdR-simH19&q...The authors regret having an image assembly error in Figure 5Ca,in which the image for the "Oh dBiFP-AdRFp"group was erroneously duplicated with an overlapping image from the"36h BiFP dBIFP-AdR-simH19"group.We confirm the error is restricted to the image assembly,and the underlying data and conclusions are correct and unchanged.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.展开更多
The authors regret having several image assembly errors.Specifically,in Figure 3A panel b,the image for "AdsimB9-4 only"group was erroneously duplicated with an overlapping image from the"AdRFp"gro...The authors regret having several image assembly errors.Specifically,in Figure 3A panel b,the image for "AdsimB9-4 only"group was erroneously duplicated with an overlapping image from the"AdRFp"group;and the image for"AdsimB9-1+BMP9"groupwas erroneouslyduplicatedwithan overlapping image from"AdsimB9-8+BMP9"group.In Figure 4Apanel a,the images for"BMP9"group and "BMP9+simB9-4"group were erroneously duplicated with an overlapping image from"simB9-4"group.In Figure 5A,the image for"BMP9+simB9-4/Day3"group was erroneously duplicated with an overlapping image from"BMP9+simB9-7/Day3"group;and the image for"BMP9+simB9-4/Day5"group was erroneously duplicated with an overlapping image from an unrelated experiment.In Figure 6B,the image for"BMP9+simB9-7/Day 11"group was erroneously duplicated with an overlapping image from the"BMP9+simB9-4/Day 11"group.展开更多
文摘Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily and have diverse functions during development and organogenesis. BMPs play a major role in skeletal development and bone formation, and disruptions in BMP signaling cause a variety of skeletal and extraskeletal anomalies. Several knockout models have provided insight into the mechanisms responsible for these phenotypes. Proper bone formation requires the differentiation of osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) precursors, a process mediated in part by BMP signaling. Multiple BMPs, including BMP2, BMP6, BMP7 and BMP9, promote osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. BMP9 is one of the most osteogenic BMPs, yet it is a poorly characterized member of the BMP family. Several studies demonstrate that the mechanisms controlling BMP9-mediated osteogenesis differ from other osteogenic BMPs, but little is known about these specific mechanisms. Several pathways critical to BMP9-mediated osteogenesis are also important in the differentiation of other cell lineages, including adipocytes and chondrocytes. BMP9 has also demonstrated translational promise in spinal fusion and bone fracture repair. This review will summarize our current knowledge of BMP-mediated osteogenesis, with a focus on BMP9, by presenting recently completed work which may help us to further elucidate these pathways.
文摘The authors regret having an image assembly error in Figure 3A,in which the image for "imPOD Synaptopodin DAPl stain"groupwas erroneouslyduplicatedwiththe imagefrom the"tsPOD-33C SynaptopodinDAPIstain"group.We confirm the error is restricted to the image assembly,and the underlying data and conclusions are correct and unchanged.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.
文摘The authors regret that an image assembly(copy/paste)error in Figure 3D,in which the image for the organoid of"Primary MiCs"group was erroneously duplicated with an image of primary MICs that was previously published.The corrected figure is shown below.As shown in the corrected Figure 3D,this error does not adversely impact the conclusion of the original work.The authors would like to apologise forany inconvenience caused.
基金supported in part by research grants from the National Institutes of Health(No.CA226303 to TCH and No.DE030480 to RRR)supported in part by The University of Chicago Cancer Center Support Grant(No.P30CA014599)+1 种基金the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences(NCATS)of the National Institutes of Health(No.5UL1TR002389)TCH was also supported by the Mabel Green Myers Research Endowment Fund and The University of Chicago Orthopaedics Alumni Fund.Funding sources were not involved in the study design。
文摘Specialized therapeutic delivery, or use of pharmaceuticals and other biomaterials to target specific parts of the body or diseased tissue, has long been sought as an ideal way of treating human diseases. A recent article published in Nature Biomedical Engineering revealed an innovative strategy to engineer nucleus-free human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for targeted delivery of therapeutics to disease site.1 MSCs have emerged as promising vehicles of therapeutic delivery.2,3 MSCs are undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells derived from areas such as bone marrow and adipose tissue.4,5 MSCs are sought after for their chemotaxis, or ability to home towards a chemical stimulus, and capacity for modification with elements such as chemoattractant receptors and adhesion molecules.1 These properties allow for site-specific and minimally-invasive therapeutic administration and treatment.
文摘The authors regret having an image assembly error in Figure 5Ca,in which the image for the "Oh dBiFP-AdRFp"group was erroneously duplicated with an overlapping image from the"36h BiFP dBIFP-AdR-simH19"group.We confirm the error is restricted to the image assembly,and the underlying data and conclusions are correct and unchanged.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.
文摘The authors regret having several image assembly errors.Specifically,in Figure 3A panel b,the image for "AdsimB9-4 only"group was erroneously duplicated with an overlapping image from the"AdRFp"group;and the image for"AdsimB9-1+BMP9"groupwas erroneouslyduplicatedwithan overlapping image from"AdsimB9-8+BMP9"group.In Figure 4Apanel a,the images for"BMP9"group and "BMP9+simB9-4"group were erroneously duplicated with an overlapping image from"simB9-4"group.In Figure 5A,the image for"BMP9+simB9-4/Day3"group was erroneously duplicated with an overlapping image from"BMP9+simB9-7/Day3"group;and the image for"BMP9+simB9-4/Day5"group was erroneously duplicated with an overlapping image from an unrelated experiment.In Figure 6B,the image for"BMP9+simB9-7/Day 11"group was erroneously duplicated with an overlapping image from the"BMP9+simB9-4/Day 11"group.
