In vivo label-free measurement of blood flow velocity symmetry based on dual line scanning third-harmonic generation microscopy excited at the 1700 nm window

Measurement of bloodflow velocity is key to understanding physiology and pathology in vivo.While most measurements are performed at the middle of the blood vessel,little research has been done on characterizing the instantaneous bloodflow velocity distribution.This is mainly due to the lack of measurement technology with high spatial and temporal resolution.Here,we tackle this problem with our recently developed dual-wavelength line-scan third-harmonic generation(THG)imaging technology.Simultaneous acquisition of dual-wavelength THG line-scanning signals enables measurement of bloodflow velocities at two radially symmetric positions in both venules and arterioles in mouse brain in vivo.Our results clearly show that the instantaneous bloodflow velocity is not symmetric under general conditions.

Prediction of prognosis,immune escape and drug sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma based on Cuproptosis-related LncRNA

Background:Lung Adenocarcinoma(LUAD)is the leading cause of death from lung cancer.Cuproptosis is the latest discovered way of programmed cell death,and Cuproptosis-Related Gene(CRG)is associated with the risk of LUAD.At present,there are few research of LUAD and Cuproptosis focuses on Long non-coding RNA(LncRNA).As genomics advances,LncRNA emerges as a potential target for understanding tumor progression and prognosis,offering prospects for biological targeted therapy.Therefore,this study provides new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LUAD from the perspective of LncRNA.Methods:Gene expression,clinical outcome and gene mutation data of LUAD patients were downloaded from TCGA database.Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between LncRNA and CRG.Univariate Cox,multivariate Cox and LASSO Cox regression analysis were used to construct a prognostic model of Cuproptosis-LncRNAs.GO and KEGG enrichment and immune function analysis were performed on differentially expressed genes between different risk groups.Then,immune escape analysis was performed on LUAD patients with different TIDE score.Finally,drug sensitivity analysis was performed on these differentially expressed genes.Results:A total of 2244 Cuproptosis-LncRNAs were found.Through the application of univariate Cox regression analysis,multivariate Cox regression analysis,and LASSO Cox regression analysis,a prognostic model was developed,integrating 15 Cuproptosis-LncRNAs to assess the risk of mortality.Following that,the model underwent assessment through risk score analysis,Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,risk distribution,and evaluation of survival outcomes.The results revealed an AUC value of 0.755 for the model,surpassing the AUC of other clinical pathological features.The results of KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes in different model groups were mainly involved in Amoebiasis,Fat digestion and absorption,and other signaling pathways.The results of TMB showed that the prognostic model of TMB combined with risk score could well evaluate the prognosis of patients.The TIDE scores did not exhibit a notable distinction between the two risk models.Analysis of drug sensitivity revealed that individuals in the low-risk category demonstrated greater responsiveness to 5-Fluorouracil,Axitinib,Bexarotene,and other drugs compared to those in the high-risk group.Conclusion:Our research offers a valuable reference for predicting the prognosis of LUAD,contributing to a better understanding of the future elucidation of the process and mechanism of Cuproptosis-LncRNAs in LUAD.

Lack of a causal relationship between tea intake and sleep disorders: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Background:The relationship between tea intake(TI)and sleep disorders(SDs)has been a topic of interest for some time,but there remains a lack of data showing a causal relationship.We aimed to use a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to determine whether there is a causal link between TI and SDs.Methods:We collected data regarding TI,with a focus on green tea intake(GTI),herbal tea intake(HTI),and rooibos tea intake(RTI);and data regarding SDs and insomnia from genome-wide association studies.We analyzed these data using an inverse variance-weighted two-sample Mendelian randomization study,by means of the TwoSampleMR package in R4.2.3 software.Results:We found no genetic causal relationships of TI,GTI,HTI,or RTI with insomnia.The odds ratios(ORs)for these relationships were as follows:TI:OR=0.61,95%confidence interval(CI):0.29–1.28;GTI:OR=1.04,95%CI:0.95–1.14;HTI:OR=0.98,95%CI:0.82–1.17;and RTI:OR=1.04,95%CI:0.99–1.09.In addition,there were no genetic causal relationships of TI,GTI,HTI,or RTI with SDs.The OR values for these relationships were as follows:TI:OR=0.6,95%CI:0.34–1.06;GTI:OR=1,95%CI:0.93–1.07;HTI:OR=0.89,95%CI:0.66–1.2;and RTI:OR=1.02,95%CI:0.98–1.06.Conclusion:We found no causal relationships of TI with SDs or insomnia,irrespective of the type of tea consumed.However,additional Mendelian randomization studies are required to further explore the relationships of the timing and quantity of tea consumption with SDs and insomnia.

Intervention effect of telemedicine on ischemic stroke:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Telemedicine refers to the use of information technology by medical institutions to directly provide diagnostic and therapeutic services to patients outside the healthcare facility.It encompasses various aspects such as remote diagnosis,remote monitoring,remote consultation,and remote outpatient services.Numerous articles have evaluated its role in controlling diseases like hypertension,diabetes,atrial fibrillation,and ischemic stroke.However,the existing literature exhibits varying quality and sample sizes,lacking robust convincing power and systematic effectiveness evaluation.Methods:Following The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines,we identified articles on remote medical intervention in ischemic stroke through databases including Web of Science,PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Weipu,and Wanfang.The search spanned from the inception of the databases to June 30,2022.Two researchers independently assessed literature quality,extracted data,and conducted meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Ten articles,involving 5092 patients,were included.Meta-analysis results indicate that telemedicine can effectively enhance compliance with doctors’advice in ischemic stroke patients.Telemedicine is also associated with reduced stroke recurrence,moderate to severe disability,systolic and diastolic blood pressure,National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores,and Modified Rankin Scale scores.Additionally,telemedicine demonstrates effectiveness in improving Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment and the Barthel Index of activity of daily living in ischemic stroke patients.However,telemedicine does not significantly reduce stroke hospitalization in the past year and the death rate.Conclusion:In comparison to traditional healthcare,telemedicine exhibits advantages in improving compliance and enhancing functionality in ischemic stroke patients.It is worth promoting telemedicine for better management of ischemic stroke patients.However,this study does not explain how telemedicine improves the functionality of ischemic stroke patients,indicating a need for further research.

Comparison of the emission wavelengths by a single fluorescent dye on in vivo 3-photon imaging of mouse brains

Multiphoton microscopy(MPM)is a powerful imaging technology for brain research.The imaging depth in MPM is partly determined by emission wavelength of fluorescent labels.It has been demonstrated that a longer emission wavelength is favorable for signal detection as imaging depth increases.However,there has been no comparison with near-infrared(NIR)emission.In order to quantitatively analyze the effect of emission wavelength on 3-photon imaging of mouse brains in vivo,we utilize the same excitation wavelength to excite a single fluorescent dye and simultaneously collect NIR and orange-red emission fluorescence at 828 nm and 620 nm,respectively.Both experimental and simulation results show that as the imaging depth increases,NIR emission decays less than orange-red fluorescent emission.These results show that it is preferable to shift the emission wavelength to NIR to enable more e±cient signal collection deep in the brain.

Non-symmetric distributions of solids deposition for solid-water stratified flow in deviated tubing strings

Dynamic performance on solids flow with water in deviated tubing is essential for the reliability of pump and normal operation of horizontal and directional wells.Compared with coal-water flow in vertical tubing and sand-oil flow with high production in deviated tubing,solids deposition with water shows obvious non-symmetric distributions in deviated tubing from simulations and experiments.The mathematical model of two phase flow was developed under coupling conditions of deviated tubing,low flow rate and viscosity based on the kinetic theory of granular flow and first-order discrete scheme.The results show that solid-water stratified flow in deviated tubing can be divided into two zones of suspension bed and the moving bed throughout the flow field.The solid flowing velocity with water is negative and particles slide down at the bottom of moving bed zone.The process of solids flow with water in deviated tubing will produce pressure loss and consume the kinetic energy.The thickness of deposited layer and the flowing velocity of solids flow downward with water at the moving bed zone enhance with the decreased inlet flow rate and the increased particle size,tubing inside diameter(ID)and inclination angle.Solids are easier into suspension from the upper part of moving bed zone to suspension bed zone and more solid particles flow with water towards the tubing outlet with the increase of inlet flowing velocity.The decision is made to reduce the screen width,tubing ID and inclination angle to maintain to be greater than critical deposition velocity in order to prevent solids settling.And it provides the theoretical basis and technical reserves for solid control and offers an effective approach to enhance tubing cleaning in deviated strings.

Experimental investigation on pressure-buildup characteristics of a water lump immerged in a molten lead pool

Motivated to understand the pressure-buildup characteristics in a circumstance of a water droplet immerged inside a heavy liquid metal pool,which is a key phenomenon during a Steam Generator Tube Rupture accident of Lead-cooled Fast Reactor,many experiments have been conducted by injecting water lumps into a molten lead pool at Sun Yat-sen University.In order to deepen the understanding of the influence of melt material,this lead experiment was compared with a Lead-Bismuth-Eutectic(LBE)experiment in the literature.For both experiments,a steam explosion occurred in a small part of the experi-mental runs,which generally leads to strengthened pressure buildup.Regarding the non-explosion experimental cases,the impact of all parameters employed in lead experiments(i.e.,water lump volume,water lump shape,molten pool depth,and temperature of water and melt)on the pressure buildup is non-negligible and similar to that in our previous experiments using LBE.Notably,limited pressure buildup with an increase in water lump volume was also observed.A slightly more violent pressure buildup tends to appear in the lead experiments than in the LBE experiments under the same experimental conditions,which may be due to the higher thermal conductivity of lead than of LBE.In a few experimental runs with a relatively low melt temperature close to the melting point of lead,local solidification of liquid lead was observed,restricting pressure buildup.For the lead and LBE experiments,the calculated melt kinetic energy conversion efficiencyηhas a relatively small value(not exceeding 1.6%),and theηvalues have an overall positive correlation with the impulse on the molten pool.

Soft tissue tuberculosis detected by next-generation sequencing:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Soft tissue tuberculosis is rare and insidious,with most patients presenting with a localized enlarged mass or swelling,which may be factors associated with delayed diagnosis and treatment.In recent years,next-generation sequencing has rapidly evolved and has been successfully applied to numerous areas of basic and clinical research.A literature search revealed that the use of next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of soft tissue tuberculosis has been rarely reported.CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old man presented with recurrent swelling and ulcers on the left thigh.Magnetic resonance imaging suggested a soft tissue abscess.The lesion was surgically removed and tissue biopsy and culture were performed;however,no organism growth was detected.Finally,Mycobacterium tuberculosis was confirmed as the pathogen responsible for infection through next-generation sequencing analysis of the surgical specimen.The patient received a standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment and showed clinical improvement.We also performed a literature review on soft tissue tuberculosis using studies published in the past 10 years.CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of next-generation sequencing for the early diagnosis of soft tissue tuberculosis,which can provide guidance for clinical treatment and improve prognosis.

Guest editorial: AI and edge computing driven technologies and applications

1.Introduction Emerging networking paradigms,including Information-Centric Networking(ICN)[1],Software-Defined Networking(SDN)[2],Mobile Satellite Communication Networks(MSCN)[3],and Internet of Vehicles(IoV)[4],have faced some severe challenges.For example,the dynamic network environment makes it very hard to optimize resource allocation.In addition,these networking paradigms usually have heterogeneous features,making it difficult to schedule traffic among different kinds of networks.These challenges can be addressed by the adaptive learning of Artificial Intelligence(AI)[5,6]and the edge caching of edge computing.AI can also help establish a relatively optimal routing strategy and perform congestion control by learning the dynamic network state.Just like AI,edge computing[7–10]can help provide fast response to users,and deploy edge servers with strong computing and storage capabilities can greatly improve the performance of 4K/8K and VR/AR.However,despite their ability to improve network performance,there are still many challenges.For example,the integrated architectures and frameworks need to be clearly identified,and the related protocols need to be better defined.

Study on mechanisms and molecular verification of Buyang Huanwu decoction in treating ischemic stroke from the perspective of cuproptosis

Background:Ischemic stroke(IS)is a global health issue and the current treatment options for IS are inadequate.Buyang Huanwu decoction(BHD)has demonstrated effectiveness in treating IS.However,the mechanisms by which BHD treats IS remain unclear,and no studies have been conducted to analyze these mechanisms from the perspective of Cuproptosis.In order to investigate the potential of BHD to intervene in IS through Cuproptosis,this study employed a systematic pharmacological approach and molecular docking verification.Methods:To investigate the mechanism of BHD in treating IS through Cuproptosis,relevant information on the structure,targets,and major biological functions and pathways of compounds related to BHD was collected from databases such as PubChem,PharmMapper,UniProt,and GeneCards.The results were then visualized using Cytoscape3.6.1,Ledock,and pymol software.Results:BHD is composed of 7 Chinese medicines,which contain 82 compounds,including 10 core compounds.These compounds are associated with 241 genes,of which 97 are common to BHD,IS,and Cuproptosis.The 97 common genes,including 10 core genes,are involved in biological processes such as proteolysis,regulation of apoptosis and cholesterol storage,as well as cellular components and molecular functions.The common genes among BHD,IS,and Cuproptosis,including 10 core genes,participate mainly in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways such as pathways in cancer,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,and Estrogen signaling pathway.According to molecular docking results,linolenic acid showed good docking scores with 9 out of 10 core genes,except for SRC.13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid also demonstrated good docking scores with EGFR,MAPK14,and F2.Similarly,senkyunone also had good docking scores with EGFR,MAPK14,and F2,all of which had docking energy greater than−5 kcal.Conclusion:In this study,the potential of BHD for treating IS through Cuproptosis and its underlying mechanisms were explored and partially validated through molecular docking.However,due to the limitations of the systems pharmacology research method,further validation through cell experiments,animal experiments,and clinical trials may be necessary to confirm these findings.

Genetic causal relationship between tea intake and cerebral aneurysm: a two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Background:Prior research has established a strong link between cerebral aneurysm(CA)occurrence and inflammation.Tea intake(TI)has been found to have anti-inflammatory properties through multiple mechanisms,potentially lowering CA incidence.This study aims to employ Mendelian Randomization(MR)methodology to explore the genetic causality between TI and CA.Methods:We collected Genome-wide association study(GWAS)data for CA,TI,Green tea intake(GTI),Herbal tea intake(HTI),and Rooibos tea intake(RTI).The MR analysis employed the TwoSampleMR package and utilized the inverse variance-weighted(IVW)method.Results:The findings suggest no genetic causal relationship between TI and CA(IVW:OR=1.10,95%CI:0.59–2.05,P=0.772).Similarly,there is no genetic causal association between GTI and CA(IVW:OR=1.07,95%CI:0.91–1.26,P=0.388),HTI and CA(IVW:OR=1.00,95%CI:0.89–1.13,P=0.943),or RTI and CA(IVW:OR=1.02,95%CI:0.96–1.09,P=0.472).Conclusion:There is no genetic causal relationship between TI and CA,and the different types of tea do not change this result.Further MR analysis is needed to investigate whether there is a potential genetic causal association between the quantity of TI and CA.

The effects of Buyang Huanwu decoction combined with Western medicine in diabetic foot treatment:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:Systematically evaluate the effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction(BHD)combined with Western medicine(WM)in treating diabetic foot(DF).Methods:Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of BHD on DF were collected from various databases,including CBM,PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang,and Weipu.Two researchers evaluated the quality of the literature and extracted relevant data,which was then analyzed using RevMan 5.3 for meta-analysis.The analysis was carried out in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA checklist.Results:The study analyzed 19 articles involving 1284 patients.According to the meta-analysis,BHD combined with WM improved clinical efficacy and reduced traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores,glycosylated hemoglobin,and fibrinogen levels in DF patients.Although the BHD combined with WM showed a trend towards reducing wound area,the difference was not significant.Additionally,the incidence of adverse reactions did not show a significant decrease with BHD combined with WM.Conclusion:The findings of the study indicated that the use of BHD combined with WM yielded better therapeutic outcomes than WM alone,supporting the recommendation of using BHD with WM for DF treatment.This approach is suggested for further clinical application and promotion.

Study on mechanism and molecular docking verification of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Astragali Radix in treating ischemic stroke

Background:Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been shown to be effective in treating ischemic stroke(IS),and the combination of Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR)and Astragali Radix(AR)is a core TCM prescription that is widely acknowledged for its efficacy in IS treatment.This study utilized network pharmacology methods to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Astragali Radix in IS treatment,with preliminary validation conducted through molecular docking.Methods:Information on the structure,targets,main biological functions,and pathways of the active components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Astragali Radix was collected using databases such as PubChem,PharmMapper,UniProt,and GeneCards.The results were visualized using software such as Cytoscape 3.6.1,Ledock,and pymol.Results:We retrieved 20 active components and 149 targets associated with the compatibility of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Astragali Radix from various databases,and GeneCards database was used to search 3350 IS-related gene targets,including 78 key targets of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Astragali Radix for the treatment of IS.Enrichment analysis of these 78 targets using gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)revealed the involvement of 48 GO terms in the treatment of IS,mainly in biological processes such as metabolism,biological regulation,and stress response.The composition of biological devices such as supercavitary membrane,cell fluid,and extracellular space was also involved.The biological functions mainly included protein binding,ion binding,hydrolytic enzyme activity,and others.The identified pathways were estrogen signaling pathway,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway,PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,RAP1 signaling pathway,P53 signaling pathway,PPAR signaling pathway,FOXO signaling pathway,RAS signaling pathway,prolactin signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,and TNF signaling pathway.Molecular docking analysis showed that the 17 key active components of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Astragali Radix had strong binding activity with 13 IS key targets.Conclusion:Through the application of network pharmacology methods,it was found that the use of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Astragali Radix for treating ischemic stroke mainly targets the MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways,involving several crucial compounds and genes.Nevertheless,additional in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to verify these findings.

No genetic causal relationship between tea intake and diabetes:a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Background:Previous studies have suggested a potential risk-reducing effect of tea intake(TI)on diabetes.However,the specific impacts of TI on different types of diabetes and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.To further explore this topic,we conducted a comprehensive investigation to assess the causal relationship between TI and various types of diabetes,as well as its effects on blood glucose(Glu)and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1).Methods:We collected genome-wide association study data for TI,diabetes,type 1 diabetes(T1D),type 2 diabetes(T2D),Glu,HbA1,green tea intake,herbal tea intake,and Rooibos tea intake from the IEU database.Subsequently,we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using the TwoSampleMR package.Results:Our analysis revealed no evidence of a causal relationship between TI and the incidence of diabetes,T1D,blood Glu,HbA1c,or T2D.Similarly,no genetic causal relationship was found between green tea intake and diabetes,T1D,T2D,Glu,or HbA1c.The same applied to herbal tea intake and Rooibos tea intake,as there was no genetic causal link with diabetes,T1D,T2D,Glu,or HbA1c.Conclusion:Based on our findings,there is no indication of a causal relationship between TI and the incidence of all types of diabetes,regardless of the specific tea type.However,to comprehensively understand the potential effects of TI on diabetes incidence,including the quantity and timing of intake,further evaluation through additional Mendelian randomization studies is warranted.

Recent progress of advanced anode materials of lithium-ion batteries

The rapid development of electric vehicles and mobile electronic devices is the main driving force to improve advanced high-performance lithium ion batteries(LIBs).The capacity,rate performance and cycle stability of LIBs rely directly on the electrode materials.As far as the development of the advanced LIBs electrode is concerned,the improvement of anode materials is more urgent than the cathode materials.Industrial production of anode materials superior to commercial graphite still faces some challenges.This review sets out the most basic LIBs anode material design.The reaction principles and structural design of carbon materials,various transition metal oxides,silicon and germanium are summarized,and then the progress of other anode materials are analyzed.Due to the rapid development of metal organic frameworks(MOFs)in energy storage and conversion in recent years,the synthesis process and energy storage mechanism of nanostructures derived from MOF precursors are also discussed.From the perspective of novel structural design,the progress of various MOFs-derived materials for alleviating the volume expansion of anode materials is discussed.Finally,challenges for the future development of advanced anode materials for LIBs will be considered.

Experimental and measured research on three-dimensional deformation law of gas drainage borehole in coal seam

Using self-researched gas drainage borehole stability dynamic monitoring device, three-dimensional deformation characteristics of borehole under steady vertical load were researched experimentally and systematically. This research indicated that under the action of steady loading, the mechanical deformation path of the simulated gas drainage borehole is gradually complicated, and the decay of the borehole circumferential strain is an important characterization of the prediction and early warning of borehole instability and collapse. The horizontal position of borehole occurs compressive strain, and the vertical of which occurs tensile strain under the action of vertical stress. At the initial stage of loading, the vertical strain is more sensitive than that in the horizontal direction. After a certain period of time, the horizontal strain is gradually higher than the vertical one, and the intersection of the borehole horizontal diameter and the hole wall is the stress concentration point. With the increase of the depth of hole, the strain shows a gradual decay trend as a whole, and the vertical strain decays more observably, but there is no absolute position correlation between the amount of strain decay and the increase in borehole depth,and the area within 1.5 times the orifice size is the borehole stress concentration zone.

浅析石油管道施工企业全面风险管理体系建设

介绍了全面风险管理概念,阐述了石油管道施工企业全面风险管理的重要性.结合石油管道施工A企业在全面风险管理中的实践,提出做好全面风险管理的5项对策,为其他石油管道施工企业进行全面风险管理提供了借鉴.

腓总神经与胫神经外侧头肌支解剖关系在小腿瘦形术中的应用指导

目的研究腓总神经与胫神经外侧头肌支解剖关系在小腿瘦形术中的应用指导。方法选取14例女性及2例男性防腐标本共32侧小腿作研究对象。分别将将防腐标本股骨内外上髁连线设为X轴,垂直于股骨内外上髁连线且过中点的虚拟线设为Y轴,建立防腐标本小腿二维坐标系,从腘窝入路逐层解剖,追踪腓总神经与胫神经腓肠肌外侧头肌支,将胫神经腓肠肌外侧头肌支走行映射到防腐标本小腿二维坐标系中,记录相关数据。结果腓总神经由坐骨神经股骨内外上髁连线上方11.61 cm处以(21.36±3.41)°角向下发出;腓肠肌外侧头肌支由胫神经股骨内外上髁连线上方4.04cm以(28.63±2.87)°角向下发出。腓肠肌外侧头肌支起点距腓总神经(2.64±0.87)cm,两者在股骨内外上髁水平相距(2.89±0.68)cm。结论腓总神经与胫神经腓肠外侧头肌支在腘窝的解剖位置相距较近。小腿瘦形术中进行与腓肠肌外侧头肌支相关的操作,勿伤及腓总神经。

Pumpkin-like MoP-MoS_(2)@Aspergillus niger spore-derived N-doped carbon heterostructure for enhanced potassium storage

Biomass-derived carbon materials are widely applied in the energy storage and conversion fields due to their rich sources,low price and environmental friendliness.Herein,a unique pumpkin-like MoPMoS_(2)@Aspergillus niger spore-derived N-doped carbon(SNC)composite has been prepared via a simple hydrothermal and subsequent phosphorization process.Interestingly,the resulting MoP-MoS_(2)@SNC well inherits the pristine morphology of spore carbon,similar to the natural pumpkin,with hollow interiors and uneven protrusions on the surface.The special structure allows it to have sufficient space to fully contact the electrolyte and greatly reduces the ion transport distance.The theory calculations further demonstrate that the formed MoP-MoS_(2)heterostructure can enhance the adsorption of K ions and electronic couplings.With these unique advantages,the MoP-MoS_(2)@SNC anode for potassium storage shows a high reversible capability of 286.2 mAh g&(-1) at 100 mA g^(-1) after 100 cycles and superior rate performance.The enhanced electrochemical performance is mainly related to the unique pumpkin-like morphology of SNC and the construction of MoP-MoS_(2)heterostructure,as well as their perfect coupling.This study provides a feasible design idea for developing green,low-cost,and high-performance electrode materials for next-generation energy storage.

Experimental investigation on the characteristics of molten lead–bismuth non-eutectic alloy fragmentation in water

To study the interaction between molten noneutectic alloys and subcooled water during severe nuclear accidents,an experimental investigation was carried out by injecting molten lead–bismuth non-eutectic alloy(LBNE,70%Pb-30%Bi)into the water in a free-fall style using the visualized thermo-hydraulic characteristics in melt coolant interaction(VTMCI)facility.The effects of various experimental parameters,including water temperature,melt temperature,melt penetration velocity,and water depth,on the molten LBNE jet fragmentation characteristics were studied.The research shows that compared with lead–bismuth eutectic,larger fragments,less spherical fragments,and more porous debris beds are generated for LBNE.Higher water or melt temperatures facilitate molten LBNE fragmentation,resulting in higher debris bed sphericity and lower debris bed porosity.A higher melt temperature leads to smaller fragment sizes,except that a cake-like debris bed is formed for very high alloy superheat and very low water subcooling.More approximate spherical particles were generated in the film boiling zone than in the thermal interaction zone.Fragment size decreases with an increase in the melt penetration velocity,but the debris bed porosity and sphericity variation was not obvious.The effect of water depth on molten LBNE fragmentation behavior was not obvious under the current experimental conditions.Compared with other fragmentation theories,the Weber number theory better predicted the fragment volume mean diameter.In addition,a melt-jet behavior mode diagram that describes the competition between the hydrodynamic and thermal interactions and diagrams of debris bed porosity and sphericity that show the influence of thermal factors were analyzed in this study.