多模态神经调控与检测技术研究进展

脑科学被誉为人类自然科学“最后的前沿”,如何精准理解与控制包括大脑在内的生物神经系统,已成为多学科交叉的前沿和热点问题。本文基于“多模态神经调控与检测技术专题研讨会”的研讨成果,从物理化学信号与神经信号相互作用机制、神经接口材料器件系统、神经成像方法、神经信号编码解码技术、临床医学应用等方面,总结回顾了在神经调控与检测技术相关研究领域的科学研究与技术进展,以及未来多学科协同发展面临的机遇与挑战,并探讨了重点领域和发展方向。

Glycobiology in osteoclast differentiation and function

Glycans,either alone or in complex with glycan-binding proteins,are essential structures that can regulate cell biology by mediating protein stability or receptor dimerization under physiological and pathological conditions.Certain glycans are ligands for lectins,which are carbohydrate-specific receptors.Bone is a complex tissue that provides mechanical support for muscles and joints,and the regulation of bone mass in mammals is governed by complex interplay between bone-forming cells,called osteoblasts,and bone-resorbing cells,called osteoclasts.Bone erosion occurs when bone resorption notably exceeds bone formation.Osteoclasts may be activated during cancer,leading to a range of symptoms,including bone pain,fracture,and spinal cord compression.Our understanding of the role of protein glycosylation in cells and tissues involved in osteoclastogenesis suggests that glycosylation-based treatments can be used in the management of diseases.The aims of this review are to clarify the process of bone resorption and investigate the signaling pathways mediated by glycosylation and their roles in osteoclast biology.Moreover,we aim to outline how the lessons learned about these approaches are paving the way for future glycobiology-focused therapeutics.

Hydrochlorination of acetylene over the Ru-based catalysts treated by plasma under different atmospheres

Ru-based catalysts modified in different atmospheres by plasma technology were prepared to catalyze the acetylene hydrochlorination reaction.The(Ru/AC)-N2(AC = activated carbon)catalyst yielded by the plasma modification of Ru/AC catalyst in N2 atmosphere exhibits the best catalytic performance with a stable C2H2 conversion of 87.2%;a relative increase of 27.1%in C2H2 conversion was achieved compared with that of the untreated Ru/AC catalyst.The results of the analysis revealed that the modification produced a mutual effect between the generated function groups on carrier AC and the active components, which can disperse and yield more active species in the fresh catalysts.These are benefits of enhancing the activity of the catalysts.Moreover, the modification can restrain coke formation and inhibit the loss of active species in the reaction, as well as strengthen the adsorption ability of reactants on the catalysts.These are benefits of improving the catalysts’ performance.

非典型快速进展的认知障碍1例报道

目的:快速进展性痴呆(rapid progressive dementia,RPD)是一类进展快速的痴呆综合征,通过分析回顾不典型快速进展的认知障碍患者的临床表现,探讨造成该类病例容易误诊的原因。方法:收集1例于2021年11月17日在我院收治的疑似RPD患者的详细病史,结合症状、体征、系列评价量表、头颅MR等辅助检查结果,通过与国内外RPD诊断标准和文献比较,回顾分析诊断的可靠性。结果:该例快速进展的认知障碍诊断值得商榷,其原因复杂。结论:认知障碍患者的就诊,医生尤其需要关注对照料者和知情者问诊的重要性。

物理生物医学——原创交叉研究的新领域

物理生物医学是物理学与生物医学深度融合的新兴交叉研究领域,融入了材料学、化学、信息科学、机械工程等多个领域物质科学的知识和技术.它的科学内涵在于揭示生命现象的物理规律,并利用物理的方法和技术实现对生命过程的调控.因此,物理生物医学既要解析伴随生命活动所产生的内源性物理信号的奥秘.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Copper (II) Complex with Acetylenedicarboxylate and 2, 2′-Bipyridine

The title compound [Cu （ADC） （2, 2＇-bipy）]n （ADC = C2 （COO）2^2.） was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, respectively. The analysis of the crystal structure reveals that the copper atom is five-coordinated with two nitrogen atoms of 2, 2＇-bipy and three oxygen atoms of different acetylenedicarboxylate dianions. ADC as bridging ligands link the Cu （Ⅱ） ions, forming coordination polymer structure.

Research on Multi-Layer Distributed HF Radio Network Structure

High frequency（HF）transmission is an important communication techniques.However,conven-tional point-to-point transmission can be easily destroyed,which limits its utilization in practice.HF networking communication has the capability against demolishment.The network structure is one of the key factors for HF networking communication.In this paper,a novel analysis method of the network connectedness based on the eigenvalue is derived,and a multi-layer distributed HF radio network structure is proposed.Both the theore-tical analysis and the computer simulation results verify that the application of the proposed network structure in the HF radio communication can improve the anti-demolishment ability of the HF network efficiently.

Association between the infection probability of COVID-19 and ventilation rates:An update for SARS-CoV-2 variants

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the cause of the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,is evolving.Thus,the risk of airborne transmission in confined spaces may be higher,and corresponding precautions should be re-appraised.Here,we obtained the quantum generation rate(q)value of three SARS-CoV-2 variants(Alpha,Delta,and Omicron)for the Wells-Riley equation with a reproductive number-based fitted approach and estimated the association between the infection probability and ventilation rates.The q value was 89–165 h^(−1)for Alpha variant,312–935 h^(−1)for Delta variant,and 725–2,345 h^(−1)for Omicron variant.The ventilation rates increased to ensure an infection probability of less than 1%,and were 8,000–14,000 m^(3)h^(−1),26,000–80,000 m^(3)h^(−1),and 64,000–250,000 m^(3)h^(−1)per infector for the Alpha,Delta,and Omicron variants,respectively.If the infector and susceptible person wore N95 masks,the required ventilation rates decreased to about 1/100 of the values required without masks,which can be achieved in most typical scenarios.An air purifier was ineffective for reducing transmission when used in scenarios without masks.Preventing prolonged exposure time in confined spaces remains critical in reducing the risk of airborne transmission for highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 variants.

人呼出飞沫和飞沫核的运动传播规律

很多呼吸道传染病均以人呼出的飞沫和飞沫核作为载体进行传播.了解飞沫和飞沫核的运动传播规律,不仅对制定有效的传染病工程防治方法具有实用价值,而且对探索新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2)的基本传播机制也具有重要意义.本文旨在对人体呼出飞沫的粒径分布、蒸发规律和传播距离等方面的研究成果进行梳理和总结.研究发现,正常说话、咳嗽和喷嚏所释放飞沫的主要粒径范围分别为10~50、73~100和80~340μm,而且小粒径飞沫的数量比大粒径多.飞沫传播的距离是病毒传播的关键因素,较大的飞沫能够在移动2.5 m的水平距离之前落地,是飞沫传播的前提;较小的飞沫在落地前完全蒸发成飞沫核,长时间停留在空气中并随气流运动,是空气传播(气溶胶传播)的前提.蒸发过程与环境空气的相对湿度(relative humidity, RH)以及飞沫的初始粒径显著相关.研究结果有助于认识新型冠状病毒通过空气传播的可能性,从而为工程控制和公共卫生预防提供指导.

Effect of a transverse plasma jet on a shock wave induced by a ramp

We conducted experiments in a wind tunnel with Mach number 2 to explore the evolution of a transverse plasma jet and its modification effect on a shock wave induced by a ramp with an angle of 24°. The transverse plasma jet was created by arc discharge in a small cylindrical cavity with a 2 mm diameter orifice. Three group tests with different actuator arrangements in the spanwise or streamwise direction upstream from the ramp were respectively studied to compare their disturbances to the shock wave. As shown by a time-resolved schlieren system, an unsteady motion of the shock wave by actuation was found： the shock wave was significantly modified by the plasma jet with an upstream motion and a reduced angle. Compared to spanwise actuation, a more intensive impact was obtained with two or three streamwise actuators working together. From shock wave structures, the control effect of the plasma jet on the shock motion based on a thermal effect, a potential cause of shock modification, was discussed. Furthermore, we performed a numerical simulation by using the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation（IDDES） method to simulate the evolution of the transverse plasma jet plume produced by two streamwise actuators. The results show that flow structures are similar to those identified in schlieren images. Two streamwise vortices were recognized, which indicates that the higher jet plume is the result of the overlap of two streamwise jets.

Early changes to the extracellular space in the hippocampus under simulated microgravity conditions

The smooth transportation of substances through the brain extracellular space(ECS)is crucial to maintaining brain function;however,the way this occurs under simulated microgravity remains unclear.In this study,tracer-based magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and DECS-mapping techniques were used to image the drainage of brain interstitial fluid(ISF)from the ECS of the hippocampus in a tail-suspended hindlimb-unloading rat model at day 3(HU-3)and 7(HU-7).The results indicated that drainage of the ISF was accelerated in the HU-3 group but slowed markedly in the HU-7 group.The tortuosity of the ECS decreased in the HU-3 group but increased in the HU-7 group,while the volume fraction of the ECS increased in both groups.The diffusion rate within the ECS increased in the HU-3 group and decreased in the HU-7 group.The alterations to ISF drainage and diffusion in the ECS were recoverable in the HU-3 group,but neither parameter was restored in the HU-7 group.Our findings suggest that early changes to the hippocampal ECS and ISF drainage under simulated microgravity can be detected by tracer-based MRI,providing a new perspective for studying microgravity-induced nano-scale structure abnormities and developing neuroprotective approaches involving the brain ECS.

Elevated levels of serum antibodies against alpha-1,6-glucan in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis

This study was undertaken to investigate whether levels of anti-alpha-1,6-glucan antibodies in human sera correlate with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Serum samples were collected from patients with SLE(n=30),RA(n=30)and healthy adult volunteers.IgG,IgA and IgM levels against alpha-1,6-glucan were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays.Anti-alpha-1,6-glucan IgG prevalence was raised in patients with active SLE(73.3%)and RA(60%)compared with healthy controls(13.3%).Strong correlation between anti-alpha-1,6-glucan-IgG levels and anti-perinuclear factor(r=0.642;p<0.05)in RA patients or anti-nuclear antibodies(r=0.675;p<0.05)in SLE patients was observed.No significant differences in anti-alpha-1,6-glucan-IgA or-IgM levels were noted between different groups.We conclude that anti-alpha-1,6-glucan-IgG levels were significantly elevated in patients with SLE or RA and positively correlated with disease activity.

Cyber-physical Power System Modeling for Timing-driven Control of Active Distribution Network

In a cyber-physical power system, active distribution network(ADN) facilitates the energy control through hierarchical and distributed control system(HDCS). Various researches have dedicated to develop the control strategies of primary devices of ADN. However, an ADN demonstration project shows that the information transmission of HDCS may cause time delay and response lag, and little model can describe both the ADN primary device and HDCS as a cyber-physical system(CPS). In this paper, a hybrid system based CPS model is proposed to describe ADN primary devices, control information flow, and HDCS. Using the CPS model, the energy process of primary devices and the information process of HDCS are optimized by model predictive control(MPC) methodology to seamlessly integrate the energy flow and the information flow. The case study demonstrates that the proposed CPS model can accurately reflect main features of HDCS, and the control technique can effectively achieve the operation targets on primary devices despite the fact that HDCS brings adverse effects to control process.

Elevated Levels of Serum IgA against Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mannan in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

This study was undertaken to investigate whether levels of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies （ASCMA） in human sera, a marker for several autoimmune diseases, correlate with rheumatoid arthritis （RA）. ASCMA-IgA, -IgG and -IgM levels were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assays （ELISA） in patients with RA （n = 30） and 152 healthy adult controls. ASCMA-IgA prevalence was significantly higher in RA patients （40%） than in healthy subjects （5.3%）. A strong correlation between levels of ASCMA-IgA and CRP （r = 0.695; p 〈 0.01） and ESR （r = 0.708; p 〈 0.01） in RA patients was observed. No significant differences in ASCMA-IgG or IgM levels were noted between RA patients and healthy control subjects in the present study. This result differs from previous reports. It remains to be evaluated whether elevated ASCMA-levels are common to all rheumatic disorders.

NiCe bimetallic nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) for reverse water gas shift reaction

Reverse water gas shift(RWGS)reaction is a crucial process in CO_(2)utilization.Herein,Ni-and NiCe-containing hexagonal mesoporous silica(Ni-HMS and NiCe-HMS)catalysts were synthesized using an insitu one-pot method and applied for RWGS reaction.At certain reaction temperatures 500-750℃,Ni-HMS samples displayed a higher selectivity to the preferable CO than that of conventionally impregnated Ni/HMS catalyst.This could be originated from the smaller NiO nanoparticles over Ni-HMS catalyst.NiCe-HMS exhibited higher activity compared to Ni-HMS.The catalysts were characterized by means of TEM,XPS,XRD,H_(2)-TPR,CO_(2)-TPD,EPR and N_(2) adsorption-desortion technology.It was found that introduction of Ce created high concentration of oxygen vacancies,served as the active site for activating CO_(2).Also,this work analyzed the effect of the H_(2)/CO_(2)molar ratio on the best NiCe-HMS.When reaction gas H_(2)/CO_(2)molar ratio was 4 significantly decreased the selectivity to CO at low temperature,but triggered a higher CO_(2)conversion which is close to the equilibrium.

A Study on the Glycan Specificity of Natural Antibody Repertoires in Rodents

Inbred strains of mice and rats are widely used in preclinical investigations evaluating the effectiveness of glycan-based biomecines,however,the glycan specificity repertoires of serum Abs in rodents have not been fully characterized.In the present study,serum antibodies in naïve mice and rats of different inbred strains were analyzed for specificity against 4 representative carbohydrate structures including PGA(1,4-linkeda-D-galactopyranosyluronic acids),b-glucan,mannan anda-glucan(dextran).Mannan was not recognized by serum Abs from any of the mouse and rat strains.Serum IgM in naïve F344,BN and Lewis rats recognized PGA andb-glucan and,less strongly,dextran.High titer circulating IgM against PGA were found in mice of BALB/c,C57BL/6,C3H/NeH and BXSB strains.C3H/NeH was the only strain which also produced low titer IgM against β-glucan and dextran.Age-related production of high titer IgM,IgA and IgG Abs against β-glucan was observed in BXSB mice.Intraperitoneal immunization of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with β-glucan elicited strong IgM responses,while immunization with PGA also led to an increase of anti-PGA IgM Ab titers.These results provide useful information on the characteristics of glycan-specific natural antibody repertoires in rodents.

A novel strategy for identifying biomarker in serum of patient with COVID-19 using immune complex

Dear Editor,COVID-19(Coronavirus Disease 2019)is a disease caused by the single-stranded sense RNA virus SARS-CoV-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2),which has caused a global public health crisis.1 However,so far no effective serum marker has been found as a biomarker for COVID-19 diagnosis,except that viral nucleic acid detection is an effective evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Prognostic nomogram on admission predicting progression for patients with nonsevere COVID-19

The present study aimed to establish a prognostic nomogram to stratify high-risk patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)who progressed from the nonsevere condition on admission to severe during hospitalization.This multicenter retrospective study included patients with nonsevere COVID-19 on admission from Jan 10,2020 to Feb 7,2020.In the training cohort,independent risk factors associated with disease progression were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses.The prognostic nomogram was established and then validated externally using C-index.The study included 351 patients(293 and 58 in the training and validation cohorts,respectively),with 27(9.2%)and 5(8.6%)patients progressed,respectively.In the training cohort,older age(OR 1.036,95%Cl 1.000-1.073),more lobes involved on chest CT(OR 1.841,95%Cl 1.117-3.035),comorbidity present(OR 2.478,95%Cl 1.020-6.018),and lower lymphocyte count(OR 0.081,95%Cl 0.019-0.349)were identified as independent risk factors.The prognostic nomogram was established in the training cohort with satisfied external prognostic performance(C-index 0.906,95%Cl 0.806-1.000).In conclusion,older age,comorbidity present,more lobes involved on chest CT,and lower lymphocyte count are independent risk factors associated with disease progression during hospitalization for patients with nonsevere COVID-19.

开创西方三大历史时代的诸智慧形态

智慧是不同于哲学的独立而圆满的思想,在西方三大历史时代中具有不同的主题和相应的表现形态。智慧的形态与“美”密切相关,美传达了人居住在大地上的法度,按照时代的顺序分别是公正、仁慈和神圣。西方的圣贤之道有其独特的传承方式和有序的语言现实,在后现代状况下有力量突破日常语言的无所谓态度,开辟回归人的精神家园的道路。