Interferon regulatory factor 7 plays a crucial role in the innate immune response.However,whether interferon regulatory factor 7-mediated signaling contributes to Parkinson's disease remains unknown.Here we report...Interferon regulatory factor 7 plays a crucial role in the innate immune response.However,whether interferon regulatory factor 7-mediated signaling contributes to Parkinson's disease remains unknown.Here we report that interferon regulatory factor 7 is markedly up-regulated in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease and co-localizes with microglial cells.Both the selective cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase inhibitor RU.521 and the stimulator of interferon genes inhibitor H151 effectively suppressed interferon regulatory factor 7 activation in BV2 microglia exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and inhibited transformation of mouse BV2 microglia into the neurotoxic M1 phenotype.In addition,si RNA-mediated knockdown of interferon regulatory factor 7 expression in BV2 microglia reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase,tumor necrosis factorα,CD16,CD32,and CD86 and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory markers ARG1 and YM1.Taken together,our findings indicate that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-interferon regulatory factor 7 pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.展开更多
Novel angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptides were identified from whey protein hydrolysates(WPH)in vitro in our previous study and the antihypertensive abilities of WPH in vivo were further investigated...Novel angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptides were identified from whey protein hydrolysates(WPH)in vitro in our previous study and the antihypertensive abilities of WPH in vivo were further investigated in the current study.Results indicated that WPH significantly inhibited the development of high blood pressure and tissue injuries caused by hypertension.WPH inhibited ACE activity(20.81%,P<0.01),and reduced renin concentration(P<0.05),thereby reducing systolic blood pressure(SBP)(12.63%,P<0.05)in spontaneously hypertensive rats.The increased Akkermansia,Bacteroides,and Lactobacillus abundance promoted high short chain fatty acid content in feces after WPH intervention.These changes jointly contributed to low blood pressure.The heart weight and cardiomyocyte injuries(hypertrophy and degeneration)were alleviated by WPH.The proteomic results revealed that 19 protein expressions in the heart mainly associated with the wingless/integrated(Wnt)signaling pathway and Apelin signaling pathway were altered after WPH supplementation.Notably,WPH alleviated serum oxidative stress,indicated by the decreased malondialdehyde content(P<0.01),enhanced total antioxidant capacity(P<0.01)and superoxide dismutase activity(P<0.01).The current study suggests that WPH exhibit promising antihypertensive abilities in vivo and could be a potential alternative for antihypertensive dietary supplements.展开更多
This study explores the impact of generative artificial intelligence(AI)-enabled instruction on critical thinking in English essay writing among 1,050 first-year English majors across four colleges.Pedagogical strateg...This study explores the impact of generative artificial intelligence(AI)-enabled instruction on critical thinking in English essay writing among 1,050 first-year English majors across four colleges.Pedagogical strategies,including facilitating critical responses and emphasizing real-world application,are identified to enhance generative AI’s impact.Both qualitative and quantitative analyses reveal significant post-intervention improvements in critical thinking skills.This research contributes to understanding how generative AI can effectively foster critical thinking in educational settings.展开更多
Pyrethroids can be ingested by humans through eating contaminated oysters,which is potentially harmful to health.This study aimed to investigate the effects of raw,steaming,and roasting on cypermethrin(CP)and fenpropa...Pyrethroids can be ingested by humans through eating contaminated oysters,which is potentially harmful to health.This study aimed to investigate the effects of raw,steaming,and roasting on cypermethrin(CP)and fenpropathrin(FP)in oysters during simulated digestion.Results showed that the amount of released CP and FP was different from raw(CP:0.617μg·g−1,FP:0.266μg·g−1),steaming(CP:0.498μg·g−1,FP:0.660μg·g−1),and roasting(CP:1.186μg·g−1,FP:0.588μg·g−1)at the end of simulated digestion.The share of cis-CP and low-efficiency CP increased significantly(p<0.05),and the share of high-efficiency trans-CP did not maintain a high level for a long time during simulated digestion.The fluorimetric titration and isothermal titration calorimetry confirmed that CP and FP could spontaneously interact with oyster actin,and CP could bind with oyster actin more tightly than FP.This study reveals that cooking methods affect the binding capacity of CP and FP to oyster tissues and influence the changes of CP and FP in oysters during digestion.Furthermore,the current study provides a reference for assessing the potential harm of pyrethroids in oysters to consumers.展开更多
采用石蜡制片法,对产于中国的伞形科(Apiaceae)阿米芹族(Ammineae)葛缕子亚族(Carinae)7属26种4变种1变型以及作为外类群的西风芹亚族(Seselinae)2属6种的果实横切面解剖结构进行了观察,并选择18个结构特征作为数量分类性状,进行了系统...采用石蜡制片法,对产于中国的伞形科(Apiaceae)阿米芹族(Ammineae)葛缕子亚族(Carinae)7属26种4变种1变型以及作为外类群的西风芹亚族(Seselinae)2属6种的果实横切面解剖结构进行了观察,并选择18个结构特征作为数量分类性状,进行了系统聚类分析和主成分分析;根据数量分类结果提出了部分类群的分类处理建议。观察结果显示:供试种类的果实横切面在果体形状和大小、背棱和侧棱的形状和大小、果棱发达程度、外果皮和中果皮的结晶和色素块的形态等特征上呈现出多样化的特点,少数种类的某些果实解剖特征呈现出特殊性,其中,仅柴胡属(Bupleurum Linn.)种类和山茴香(Carlesia sinensis Dunn)的果实几不压扁,仅鸭儿芹(Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk.)的果体腹面有隐棱,仅山茴香的油管沿果体连续分布。聚类分析结果显示:供试种类可分为5类,其中,山茴香、藁本属(Ligusticum Linn.)种类、鸭儿芹、西风芹属(Seseli Linn.)种类各自聚为一类;柴胡属、茴芹属(Pimpinella Linn.)、丝瓣芹属(Acronema Falconer ex Edgew.)、阿米芹属(Ammi Linn.)和小芹属(Sinocarum H.Wolff ex R.H.Shan et F.T.Pu)5属的种类聚为一类(含5组),其中,尖瓣芹(Acronema chinense Wolff)、阿米芹〔Ammi visnaga(Linn.)Lam.〕和钝瓣小芹〔Sinocarum inocarum cruciatum(Franch.)Wolff ex R.H.Shan et F.T.Pu〕各自聚为组A、组B和组C,组D包含茴芹属和丝瓣芹属的种类,组E包含柴胡属的种类及紫茎小芹〔S.coloratum(Diels)Wolff ex R.H.Shan et F.T.Pu〕。主成分分析结果显示:前6个主成分的累计贡献率达到86.217%,其中第1主成分的贡献率达到36.561%,以背部果棱形状、侧棱形状、每果棱中维管束的数量、腹面是否有隐棱4个性状的绝对权重值均较高;总体上看,果棱、果体形状和分泌结构3大类9个解剖性状对阿米芹族的数量分类具有重要意义。依据数量分类结果,认为葛缕子亚族乃至阿米芹族的分类具有不自然性,其中,鸭儿芹和山茴香属(Carlesia Dunn)的分类地位应予提升,丝瓣芹属与茴芹属的关系以及小芹属下的分类有待进一步明晰;此外,西风芹亚族中西风芹属的界限和分类地位需要重新考虑。展开更多
The effect of COVID-19 on stock market performance has important implications for both financial theory and practice.This paper examines the relationship between COVID-19 and the instability of both stock return predi...The effect of COVID-19 on stock market performance has important implications for both financial theory and practice.This paper examines the relationship between COVID-19 and the instability of both stock return predictability and price volatility in the U.S over the period January 1st,2019 to June 30th,2020 by using the methodologies of Bai and Perron(Econometrica 66:47–78,1998.https://doi.org/10.2307/2998540;J Appl Econo 18:1–22,2003.https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.659),Elliot and Muller(Optimal testing general breaking processes in linear time series models.University of California at San Diego Economic Working Paper,2004),and Xu(J Econ 173:126–142,2013.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecon om.2012.11.001).The results highlight a single break in return predictability and price volatility of both S&P 500 and DJIA.The timing of the break is consistent with the COVID-19 outbreak,or more specifically the stock sellingoffs by the U.S.senate committee members before COVID-19 crashed the market.Furthermore,return predictability and price volatility significantly increased following the derived break.The findings suggest that the pandemic crisis was associated with market inefficiency,creating profitable opportunities for traders and speculators.Furthermore,it also induced income and wealth inequality between market participants with plenty of liquidity at hand and those short of funds.展开更多
Atmospheric carbon dioxide （CO2） is assimilated by the most abundant but sluggish enzyme, ribulose- 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase （Rubisco）. Here we show that acetylation of lysine residues of the Rubisco...Atmospheric carbon dioxide （CO2） is assimilated by the most abundant but sluggish enzyme, ribulose- 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase （Rubisco）. Here we show that acetylation of lysine residues of the Rubisco large subunit （RbcL）, including Lys201 and Lys334 in the active sites, may be an important mechanism in the regulation of Rubisco activities. It is well known that Lys201 reacts with CO2 for carba- mylation, a prerequisite for both carboxylase and oxygenase activities of Rubisco, and Lys334 contacts with ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate （RuBP）. The acetylation level of RbcL in plants is lower during the day and higher at night, inversely correlating with the Rubisco carboxylation activity. A search of the chloroplast proteome database did not reveal a canonical acetyltransferase; instead, we found that a plant-derived metabolite, 7-acetoxy-4-methylcoumarin （AMC）, can non-enzymatically acetylate both native Rubisco and synthesized RbcL peptides spanning Lys334 or Lys201. Furthermore, lysine residues were modified by synthesized 4-methylumbelliferone esters with different electro- and stereo-substitutes, resulting in varied Rubisco activities. 1-Chloroethyl 4-methylcoumarin-7-yl carbonate （CIMC） could transfer the chloroethyl carbamate group to lysine residues of RbcL and completely inactivate Rubisco, whereas bis（4-methylcoumarin-7-yl） carbonate （BMC） improved Rubisco activity through increasing the level of Lys201 carbamylation. Our findings indicate that RbcL acetylation negatively regulates Rubisco activity, and metabolic derivatives can be designed to dissect and improve CO2 fixation efficiency of plants through lysine modification.展开更多
Solar fuel is one of the ideal energy sources in the future. The synergy of photo and thermal effects leads to a new approach to higher solar fuel production under relatively mild conditions. This paper reviews differ...Solar fuel is one of the ideal energy sources in the future. The synergy of photo and thermal effects leads to a new approach to higher solar fuel production under relatively mild conditions. This paper reviews different approaches for solar fuel production from spectrum- selective photo-thermal synergetic catalysis. The review begins with the meaning of synergetic effects, and the mechanisms of spectrum-selectivity and photo-thermal catalysis. Then, from a technical perspective, a number of experimental or theoretical works are sorted by the chemical reactions and the sacrificial reagents applied. In addition, these works are summarized and tabulated based on the operating conditions, spectrum-selectivity, materi- als, and productivity. A discussion is finally presented concerning future development of photo-thermal catalytic reactions with spectrum-selectivity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171429,81771384a grant from Wuxi Municipal Health Commission,No.1286010241190480(all to YS)。
文摘Interferon regulatory factor 7 plays a crucial role in the innate immune response.However,whether interferon regulatory factor 7-mediated signaling contributes to Parkinson's disease remains unknown.Here we report that interferon regulatory factor 7 is markedly up-regulated in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease and co-localizes with microglial cells.Both the selective cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase inhibitor RU.521 and the stimulator of interferon genes inhibitor H151 effectively suppressed interferon regulatory factor 7 activation in BV2 microglia exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and inhibited transformation of mouse BV2 microglia into the neurotoxic M1 phenotype.In addition,si RNA-mediated knockdown of interferon regulatory factor 7 expression in BV2 microglia reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase,tumor necrosis factorα,CD16,CD32,and CD86 and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory markers ARG1 and YM1.Taken together,our findings indicate that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-interferon regulatory factor 7 pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
基金supported by the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2021QNRC001)。
文摘Novel angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptides were identified from whey protein hydrolysates(WPH)in vitro in our previous study and the antihypertensive abilities of WPH in vivo were further investigated in the current study.Results indicated that WPH significantly inhibited the development of high blood pressure and tissue injuries caused by hypertension.WPH inhibited ACE activity(20.81%,P<0.01),and reduced renin concentration(P<0.05),thereby reducing systolic blood pressure(SBP)(12.63%,P<0.05)in spontaneously hypertensive rats.The increased Akkermansia,Bacteroides,and Lactobacillus abundance promoted high short chain fatty acid content in feces after WPH intervention.These changes jointly contributed to low blood pressure.The heart weight and cardiomyocyte injuries(hypertrophy and degeneration)were alleviated by WPH.The proteomic results revealed that 19 protein expressions in the heart mainly associated with the wingless/integrated(Wnt)signaling pathway and Apelin signaling pathway were altered after WPH supplementation.Notably,WPH alleviated serum oxidative stress,indicated by the decreased malondialdehyde content(P<0.01),enhanced total antioxidant capacity(P<0.01)and superoxide dismutase activity(P<0.01).The current study suggests that WPH exhibit promising antihypertensive abilities in vivo and could be a potential alternative for antihypertensive dietary supplements.
基金General Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Jiangsu Universities in 2024“Research on the Mining and Integration Strategy of Ideological and Political Elements in Business English Major Courses”(2024SISZ0787)。
文摘This study explores the impact of generative artificial intelligence(AI)-enabled instruction on critical thinking in English essay writing among 1,050 first-year English majors across four colleges.Pedagogical strategies,including facilitating critical responses and emphasizing real-world application,are identified to enhance generative AI’s impact.Both qualitative and quantitative analyses reveal significant post-intervention improvements in critical thinking skills.This research contributes to understanding how generative AI can effectively foster critical thinking in educational settings.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0901704).
文摘Pyrethroids can be ingested by humans through eating contaminated oysters,which is potentially harmful to health.This study aimed to investigate the effects of raw,steaming,and roasting on cypermethrin(CP)and fenpropathrin(FP)in oysters during simulated digestion.Results showed that the amount of released CP and FP was different from raw(CP:0.617μg·g−1,FP:0.266μg·g−1),steaming(CP:0.498μg·g−1,FP:0.660μg·g−1),and roasting(CP:1.186μg·g−1,FP:0.588μg·g−1)at the end of simulated digestion.The share of cis-CP and low-efficiency CP increased significantly(p<0.05),and the share of high-efficiency trans-CP did not maintain a high level for a long time during simulated digestion.The fluorimetric titration and isothermal titration calorimetry confirmed that CP and FP could spontaneously interact with oyster actin,and CP could bind with oyster actin more tightly than FP.This study reveals that cooking methods affect the binding capacity of CP and FP to oyster tissues and influence the changes of CP and FP in oysters during digestion.Furthermore,the current study provides a reference for assessing the potential harm of pyrethroids in oysters to consumers.
文摘采用石蜡制片法,对产于中国的伞形科(Apiaceae)阿米芹族(Ammineae)葛缕子亚族(Carinae)7属26种4变种1变型以及作为外类群的西风芹亚族(Seselinae)2属6种的果实横切面解剖结构进行了观察,并选择18个结构特征作为数量分类性状,进行了系统聚类分析和主成分分析;根据数量分类结果提出了部分类群的分类处理建议。观察结果显示:供试种类的果实横切面在果体形状和大小、背棱和侧棱的形状和大小、果棱发达程度、外果皮和中果皮的结晶和色素块的形态等特征上呈现出多样化的特点,少数种类的某些果实解剖特征呈现出特殊性,其中,仅柴胡属(Bupleurum Linn.)种类和山茴香(Carlesia sinensis Dunn)的果实几不压扁,仅鸭儿芹(Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk.)的果体腹面有隐棱,仅山茴香的油管沿果体连续分布。聚类分析结果显示:供试种类可分为5类,其中,山茴香、藁本属(Ligusticum Linn.)种类、鸭儿芹、西风芹属(Seseli Linn.)种类各自聚为一类;柴胡属、茴芹属(Pimpinella Linn.)、丝瓣芹属(Acronema Falconer ex Edgew.)、阿米芹属(Ammi Linn.)和小芹属(Sinocarum H.Wolff ex R.H.Shan et F.T.Pu)5属的种类聚为一类(含5组),其中,尖瓣芹(Acronema chinense Wolff)、阿米芹〔Ammi visnaga(Linn.)Lam.〕和钝瓣小芹〔Sinocarum inocarum cruciatum(Franch.)Wolff ex R.H.Shan et F.T.Pu〕各自聚为组A、组B和组C,组D包含茴芹属和丝瓣芹属的种类,组E包含柴胡属的种类及紫茎小芹〔S.coloratum(Diels)Wolff ex R.H.Shan et F.T.Pu〕。主成分分析结果显示:前6个主成分的累计贡献率达到86.217%,其中第1主成分的贡献率达到36.561%,以背部果棱形状、侧棱形状、每果棱中维管束的数量、腹面是否有隐棱4个性状的绝对权重值均较高;总体上看,果棱、果体形状和分泌结构3大类9个解剖性状对阿米芹族的数量分类具有重要意义。依据数量分类结果,认为葛缕子亚族乃至阿米芹族的分类具有不自然性,其中,鸭儿芹和山茴香属(Carlesia Dunn)的分类地位应予提升,丝瓣芹属与茴芹属的关系以及小芹属下的分类有待进一步明晰;此外,西风芹亚族中西风芹属的界限和分类地位需要重新考虑。
基金This research was supported by the Social Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant No:20YJ09)the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No:17ZDA037).
文摘The effect of COVID-19 on stock market performance has important implications for both financial theory and practice.This paper examines the relationship between COVID-19 and the instability of both stock return predictability and price volatility in the U.S over the period January 1st,2019 to June 30th,2020 by using the methodologies of Bai and Perron(Econometrica 66:47–78,1998.https://doi.org/10.2307/2998540;J Appl Econo 18:1–22,2003.https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.659),Elliot and Muller(Optimal testing general breaking processes in linear time series models.University of California at San Diego Economic Working Paper,2004),and Xu(J Econ 173:126–142,2013.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecon om.2012.11.001).The results highlight a single break in return predictability and price volatility of both S&P 500 and DJIA.The timing of the break is consistent with the COVID-19 outbreak,or more specifically the stock sellingoffs by the U.S.senate committee members before COVID-19 crashed the market.Furthermore,return predictability and price volatility significantly increased following the derived break.The findings suggest that the pandemic crisis was associated with market inefficiency,creating profitable opportunities for traders and speculators.Furthermore,it also induced income and wealth inequality between market participants with plenty of liquidity at hand and those short of funds.
文摘Atmospheric carbon dioxide （CO2） is assimilated by the most abundant but sluggish enzyme, ribulose- 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase （Rubisco）. Here we show that acetylation of lysine residues of the Rubisco large subunit （RbcL）, including Lys201 and Lys334 in the active sites, may be an important mechanism in the regulation of Rubisco activities. It is well known that Lys201 reacts with CO2 for carba- mylation, a prerequisite for both carboxylase and oxygenase activities of Rubisco, and Lys334 contacts with ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate （RuBP）. The acetylation level of RbcL in plants is lower during the day and higher at night, inversely correlating with the Rubisco carboxylation activity. A search of the chloroplast proteome database did not reveal a canonical acetyltransferase; instead, we found that a plant-derived metabolite, 7-acetoxy-4-methylcoumarin （AMC）, can non-enzymatically acetylate both native Rubisco and synthesized RbcL peptides spanning Lys334 or Lys201. Furthermore, lysine residues were modified by synthesized 4-methylumbelliferone esters with different electro- and stereo-substitutes, resulting in varied Rubisco activities. 1-Chloroethyl 4-methylcoumarin-7-yl carbonate （CIMC） could transfer the chloroethyl carbamate group to lysine residues of RbcL and completely inactivate Rubisco, whereas bis（4-methylcoumarin-7-yl） carbonate （BMC） improved Rubisco activity through increasing the level of Lys201 carbamylation. Our findings indicate that RbcL acetylation negatively regulates Rubisco activity, and metabolic derivatives can be designed to dissect and improve CO2 fixation efficiency of plants through lysine modification.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 51406205 and 51236008）.
文摘Solar fuel is one of the ideal energy sources in the future. The synergy of photo and thermal effects leads to a new approach to higher solar fuel production under relatively mild conditions. This paper reviews different approaches for solar fuel production from spectrum- selective photo-thermal synergetic catalysis. The review begins with the meaning of synergetic effects, and the mechanisms of spectrum-selectivity and photo-thermal catalysis. Then, from a technical perspective, a number of experimental or theoretical works are sorted by the chemical reactions and the sacrificial reagents applied. In addition, these works are summarized and tabulated based on the operating conditions, spectrum-selectivity, materi- als, and productivity. A discussion is finally presented concerning future development of photo-thermal catalytic reactions with spectrum-selectivity.
