Forests in Northeast China in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains(GKM and LKM)account for nearly 1/3 of the total state-owned forests in the country.Regional and historical comparisons of forest plants and macrof...Forests in Northeast China in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains(GKM and LKM)account for nearly 1/3 of the total state-owned forests in the country.Regional and historical comparisons of forest plants and macrofungi will favor biological conservation,forest management and economic development.A total of 1067 sampling plots were surveyed on forest composition and structure,with a macrofungi survey at Liangshui and Huzhong Nature Reserves in the center of two regions.Regional and historical differences of these parameters were analyzed with a redundancy ordination of their complex associations.There were 61-76 families,189-196 genera,and 369-384 species,which was only 1/3 of the historical records.The same dominant species were larch and birch with Korean pine(a climax species)less as expected from past surveys in the LKM.Shrub and herb species were different in the two regions,as expected from historical records.There was 10-50%lower species diversity(except for herb evenness),but 1.8-to 4-time higher macrofungi diversity in the GKM.Compared with the LKM,both tree heights and macrofungi density were higher.Nevertheless,current heights averaging 10 m are half of historical records(>20 m in the 1960s).Edible macrofungi were the highest proportion in both regions,about twice that of other fungal groups,hav-ing important roles in the local economy.A major factor explaining plant diversity variations in both regions was herb cover,followed by shrubs in the GKM and herb-dominant species in the LKM.Factors responsible for macrofungi variations were tree density and shrub height.Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Larix gmelinii in the GKM but tree size and diversity were important factors in the LKM.Our findings highlighted large spatial and historical differences between the GKM and LKM in plant-macrofungal composition,forest structure,and their complex associations,which will favor precise conservation and management of forest resources in two region in the future.展开更多
The Lightning Mapping Imager(LMI)equipped on the FY-4 A(Feng Yun-4 A)geostationary satellite achieves lightning positioning through optical imaging and has the advantages of high temporal resolution,high stability,and...The Lightning Mapping Imager(LMI)equipped on the FY-4 A(Feng Yun-4 A)geostationary satellite achieves lightning positioning through optical imaging and has the advantages of high temporal resolution,high stability,and continuous observation.In this study,FY-4 A LMI lightning event,group and flash data from April to August 2018 are selected,and their quality are assessed through qualitative and quantitative comparison with the ground-based Advanced Time of Arrival and Direction system(ADTD)lightning observation network data and the American International Space Station(ISS)lightning imaging sensor(LIS)data.The results show that the spatial distributions of FY-4 A lightning are consistent with those of the ground-based ADTD and ISS LIS.The temporal variation in FY-4 A lightning group frequency is consistent with that of ADTD stroke,which reflects that FY-4 A LMI can capture the lightning occurrence in inland China.Quantitative statistics show that the consistency rate of FY-4 A LMI and ISS LIS events is relatively high but their consistency rate is lower in terms of lightning group and flash data.Compared with the lightning observations by the ISS LIS and the ground-based ADTD,FY-4 A LMI reports fewer lightning events in the Tibetan Plateau.The application of Tibetan Plateau lightning data requires further processing and consideration.展开更多
With advances in the fields of regenerative medicine,cell-free therapy has received increased attention.Exosomes have a variety of endogenous properties that provide stability for molecular transport across biological...With advances in the fields of regenerative medicine,cell-free therapy has received increased attention.Exosomes have a variety of endogenous properties that provide stability for molecular transport across biological barriers to cells,as a form of cell-to-cell communication that regulates function and phenotype.In addition,exosomes are an important component of paracrine signaling in stemcell-based therapy and can be used as a stand-alone therapy or as a drug delivery system.The remarkable potential of exosomes has paved the pathway for cell-free treatment in bone regeneration.Exosomes are enriched in distinct noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs),including microRNAs,long ncRNAs and circular RNAs.Different ncRNAs have multiple functions.Altered expression of ncRNA in exosomes is associated with the regenerative potential and development of various diseases,such as femoral head osteonecrosis,myocardial infarction,and cancer.Although there is increasing evidence that exosome-derived ncRNAs(exoncRNAs)have the potential for bone regeneration,the detailed mechanisms are not fully understood.Here,we review the biogenesis of exo-ncRNA and the effects of ncRNAs on angiogenesis and osteoblast-and osteoclast-related pathways in different diseases.However,there are still many unsolved problems and challenges in the clinical application of ncRNA;for instance,production,storage,targeted delivery and therapeutic potency assessment.Advancements in exo-ncRNA methods and design will promote the development of therapeutics,revolutionizing the present landscape.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41730641)Project from Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Basic Research project:2014FY110600 and 13-5 Project:2016YFA0600802).
文摘Forests in Northeast China in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains(GKM and LKM)account for nearly 1/3 of the total state-owned forests in the country.Regional and historical comparisons of forest plants and macrofungi will favor biological conservation,forest management and economic development.A total of 1067 sampling plots were surveyed on forest composition and structure,with a macrofungi survey at Liangshui and Huzhong Nature Reserves in the center of two regions.Regional and historical differences of these parameters were analyzed with a redundancy ordination of their complex associations.There were 61-76 families,189-196 genera,and 369-384 species,which was only 1/3 of the historical records.The same dominant species were larch and birch with Korean pine(a climax species)less as expected from past surveys in the LKM.Shrub and herb species were different in the two regions,as expected from historical records.There was 10-50%lower species diversity(except for herb evenness),but 1.8-to 4-time higher macrofungi diversity in the GKM.Compared with the LKM,both tree heights and macrofungi density were higher.Nevertheless,current heights averaging 10 m are half of historical records(>20 m in the 1960s).Edible macrofungi were the highest proportion in both regions,about twice that of other fungal groups,hav-ing important roles in the local economy.A major factor explaining plant diversity variations in both regions was herb cover,followed by shrubs in the GKM and herb-dominant species in the LKM.Factors responsible for macrofungi variations were tree density and shrub height.Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Larix gmelinii in the GKM but tree size and diversity were important factors in the LKM.Our findings highlighted large spatial and historical differences between the GKM and LKM in plant-macrofungal composition,forest structure,and their complex associations,which will favor precise conservation and management of forest resources in two region in the future.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1506603)The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(2019QZKK0105)。
文摘The Lightning Mapping Imager(LMI)equipped on the FY-4 A(Feng Yun-4 A)geostationary satellite achieves lightning positioning through optical imaging and has the advantages of high temporal resolution,high stability,and continuous observation.In this study,FY-4 A LMI lightning event,group and flash data from April to August 2018 are selected,and their quality are assessed through qualitative and quantitative comparison with the ground-based Advanced Time of Arrival and Direction system(ADTD)lightning observation network data and the American International Space Station(ISS)lightning imaging sensor(LIS)data.The results show that the spatial distributions of FY-4 A lightning are consistent with those of the ground-based ADTD and ISS LIS.The temporal variation in FY-4 A lightning group frequency is consistent with that of ADTD stroke,which reflects that FY-4 A LMI can capture the lightning occurrence in inland China.Quantitative statistics show that the consistency rate of FY-4 A LMI and ISS LIS events is relatively high but their consistency rate is lower in terms of lightning group and flash data.Compared with the lightning observations by the ISS LIS and the ground-based ADTD,FY-4 A LMI reports fewer lightning events in the Tibetan Plateau.The application of Tibetan Plateau lightning data requires further processing and consideration.
基金Supported by Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project,No. 2021-zyym28Science and technology Development Project of Shandong Geriatric Society,No. LKJGG2021W082
文摘With advances in the fields of regenerative medicine,cell-free therapy has received increased attention.Exosomes have a variety of endogenous properties that provide stability for molecular transport across biological barriers to cells,as a form of cell-to-cell communication that regulates function and phenotype.In addition,exosomes are an important component of paracrine signaling in stemcell-based therapy and can be used as a stand-alone therapy or as a drug delivery system.The remarkable potential of exosomes has paved the pathway for cell-free treatment in bone regeneration.Exosomes are enriched in distinct noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs),including microRNAs,long ncRNAs and circular RNAs.Different ncRNAs have multiple functions.Altered expression of ncRNA in exosomes is associated with the regenerative potential and development of various diseases,such as femoral head osteonecrosis,myocardial infarction,and cancer.Although there is increasing evidence that exosome-derived ncRNAs(exoncRNAs)have the potential for bone regeneration,the detailed mechanisms are not fully understood.Here,we review the biogenesis of exo-ncRNA and the effects of ncRNAs on angiogenesis and osteoblast-and osteoclast-related pathways in different diseases.However,there are still many unsolved problems and challenges in the clinical application of ncRNA;for instance,production,storage,targeted delivery and therapeutic potency assessment.Advancements in exo-ncRNA methods and design will promote the development of therapeutics,revolutionizing the present landscape.
