Objective Diabetic foot ulcer(DFU)is one of the most serious complications of diabetes.Leukocyte-and platelet-rich fibrin(L-PRF)is a second-generation autologous platelet-rich plasma.This study aims to investigate the...Objective Diabetic foot ulcer(DFU)is one of the most serious complications of diabetes.Leukocyte-and platelet-rich fibrin(L-PRF)is a second-generation autologous platelet-rich plasma.This study aims to investigate the clinical effects of L-PRF in patients with diabetes in real clinical practice.Methods Patients with DFU who received L-PRF treatment and standard of care(SOC)from 2018 to 2019 in Tongji Hospital were enrolled.The clinical information including patient characteristics,wound evaluation(area,severity,infection,blood supply),SOC of DFU,and images of ulcers was retrospectively extracted and analyzed.L-PRF treatment was performed every 7±2 days until the ulcer exhibited complete epithelialization or an overall percent volume reduction(PVR)greater than 80%.Therapeutic effectiveness,including overall PVR and the overall and weekly healing rates,was evaluated.Results Totally,26 patients with DFU were enrolled,and they had an ulcer duration of 47.0(35.0,72.3)days.The severity and infection of ulcers varied,as indicated by the Site,Ischemia,Neuropathy,Bacterial Infection,and Depth(SINBAD)scores of 2–6,Wagner grades of 1–4,and the Perfusion,Extent,Depth,Infection and Sensation(PEDIS)scores of 2–4.The initial ulcer volume before L-PRF treatment was 4.94(1.50,13.83)cm3,and the final ulcer volume was 0.35(0.03,1.76)cm3.The median number of L-PRF doses was 3(2,5).A total of 11 patients achieved complete epithelialization after the fifth week of treatment,and 19 patients achieved at least an 80%volume reduction after the seventh week.The overall wound-healing rate was 1.47(0.63,3.29)cm3/week,and the healing rate was faster in the first 2 weeks than in the remaining weeks.Concurrent treatment did not change the percentage of complete epithelialization or healing rate.Conclusion Adding L-PRF to SOC significantly improved wound healing in patients with DFU independent of the ankle brachial index,SINBAD score,or Wagner grade,indicating that this method is appropriate for DFU treatment under different clinical conditions.展开更多
Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)are proved methods that are effective in solving some strongly nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs),e.g.,Navier-Stokes equations,with a small amount of boundary or inte...Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)are proved methods that are effective in solving some strongly nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs),e.g.,Navier-Stokes equations,with a small amount of boundary or interior data.However,the feasibility of applying PINNs to the flow at moderate or high Reynolds numbers has rarely been reported.The present paper proposes an artificial viscosity(AV)-based PINN for solving the forward and inverse flow problems.Specifically,the AV used in PINNs is inspired by the entropy viscosity method developed in conventional computational fluid dynamics(CFD)to stabilize the simulation of flow at high Reynolds numbers.The newly developed PINN is used to solve the forward problem of the two-dimensional steady cavity flow at Re=1000 and the inverse problem derived from two-dimensional film boiling.The results show that the AV augmented PINN can solve both problems with good accuracy and substantially reduce the inference errors in the forward problem.展开更多
目的:评价口服抗凝药物对心房颤动患者认知功能障碍或痴呆发生的疗效。方法:计算机检索PubMed,Cochrane library,Web of Science,Science Direct,中国知网数据库(CNKI),万方数据库及维普数据库,基于PICOS原则纳入口服抗凝药物治疗影响...目的:评价口服抗凝药物对心房颤动患者认知功能障碍或痴呆发生的疗效。方法:计算机检索PubMed,Cochrane library,Web of Science,Science Direct,中国知网数据库(CNKI),万方数据库及维普数据库,基于PICOS原则纳入口服抗凝药物治疗影响心房颤动患者认知功能障碍或痴呆的相关中、英文文献,检索时间截至2018年12月1日,使用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入14篇文献,共797851例心房颤动患者。结果显示,与不接受抗凝治疗或仅服用阿司匹林相比,接受口服抗凝药物治疗的心房颤动患者认知功能障碍及痴呆发生风险明显降低(RR=0.74,95%CI:0.58~0.95,P=0.02);口服华法林可显著降低认知功能减退和痴呆的发生风险(RR=0.92,95%CI:0.89~0.96);新型口服抗凝药物和华法林比较无显著差异(HR=0.69,95%CI:0.35~1.34);治疗窗内时间(TTR)≤25%较TTR>75%可显著增加痴呆发生风险(HR=3.02,95%CI:1.12~8.19)。结论:合理抗凝治疗、维持高TTR有助于预防、延缓心房颤动患者认知功能障碍或痴呆的发生。展开更多
The insect brain is the central part of the neurosecretory system,which controls morphology,physiology,and behavior during the insect’s lifecycle.Lepidoptera are holometabolous insects,and their brains develop during...The insect brain is the central part of the neurosecretory system,which controls morphology,physiology,and behavior during the insect’s lifecycle.Lepidoptera are holometabolous insects,and their brains develop during the larval period and metamorphosis into the adult form.As the only fully domesticated insect,the Lepidoptera silkworm Bombyx mori experienced changes in larval brain morphology and certain behaviors during the domestication process.Hormonal regulation in insects is a key factor in multiple processes.However,how juvenile hormone(JH)signals regulate brain development in Lepidoptera species,especially in the larval stage,remains elusive.We recently identified the JH receptor Methoprene tolerant 1(Met1)as a putative domestication gene.How artificial selection on Met1 impacts brain and behavioral domestication is another important issue addressing Darwin’s theory on domestication.Here,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Bombyx Met1 caused developmental retardation in the brain,unlike precocious pupation of the cuticle.At the whole transcriptomelevel,theecdysteroid(20-hydroxyecdysone,20 E)signaling and downstream pathways were overactivated in the mutant cuticle but not in the brain.Pathways related to cell proliferation and specialization processes,such as extracellular matrix(ECM)-receptor interaction and tyrosine metabolism pathways,were suppressed in the brain.Molecular evolutionary analysis and in vitro assay identified an amino acid replacement located in a novel motif under positive selection in B.mori,which decreased transcriptional binding activity.The B.mori MET1 protein showed a changed structure and dynamic features,as well as a weakened co-expression gene network,compared with B.mandarina.Based on comparative transcriptomic analyses,we proposed a pathway downstream of JH signaling(i.e.,tyrosine metabolism pathway)that likely contributed to silkworm larval brain development and domestication and highlighted the importance of the biogenic amine system in larval evolution during silkworm domestication.展开更多
Insects compose more than half of all living organisms on earth, playing essential roles in global ecosystems and forming complex relationships with humans. Insect research has significant biological and practical imp...Insects compose more than half of all living organisms on earth, playing essential roles in global ecosystems and forming complex relationships with humans. Insect research has significant biological and practical importance. However, the application of genetic manipulation technology has long been restricted to several model insects only, such as gene knockout in Drosophila, which has severely restrained the development of insect biology research. Recently, with the increase in the release of insect genome data and the introduction of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for efficient genetic modification, it has been possible to conduct meaningful functional studies in a broad array of insect species. Here, we summarize the advances in CRISPR/Cas9 in different insect species, discuss methods for its promotion, and consider its application in future insect studies. This review provides detailed information about the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in insect research and presents possible ways to improve its use in functional studies and insect pest control.展开更多
The rational modulation of electronic structure is highly desirable to develop an efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalyst for renewable energy applications.Metal hydroxide such as Ni(OH)_(2) has be...The rational modulation of electronic structure is highly desirable to develop an efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalyst for renewable energy applications.Metal hydroxide such as Ni(OH)_(2) has been proven useful for promoting alkaline HER,but the performance remains unsatisfactory.Herein,the electronic structure of Ni(OH)_(2) is modulated by the interfacial electron rearrangement between Ni-Ni(OH)_(2) heterojunction.Combined experiments with DFT simulations,the electrons of Ni species accumulate to the interfacial Ni-Ni(OH)_(2) sites,which modifies the d band center for promoting conversion of hydrogen intermediates and narrows the energy gap for boosting charge transfer in the HER process.Thus,the integrated electrode exhibits an efficient HER performance to drive10 mA cm^(-2) at the overpotential of 72 mV with a low Tafel slope of 43 mV dec^(-1).Our work renders a valuable insight for understanding and rationally designing efficient catalysts in alkaline HER.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81100581)the Bethune Merck Diabetes Research Fund(No.2018)+1 种基金the Fund of the Sichuan Provincial Western Psychiatric Association's CSPC LEADING Scientific Research Project(No.WL2021104)the China International Medical Foundation-Senmei China Diabetes Research Fund(No.Z-2017-26-1902-5).
文摘Objective Diabetic foot ulcer(DFU)is one of the most serious complications of diabetes.Leukocyte-and platelet-rich fibrin(L-PRF)is a second-generation autologous platelet-rich plasma.This study aims to investigate the clinical effects of L-PRF in patients with diabetes in real clinical practice.Methods Patients with DFU who received L-PRF treatment and standard of care(SOC)from 2018 to 2019 in Tongji Hospital were enrolled.The clinical information including patient characteristics,wound evaluation(area,severity,infection,blood supply),SOC of DFU,and images of ulcers was retrospectively extracted and analyzed.L-PRF treatment was performed every 7±2 days until the ulcer exhibited complete epithelialization or an overall percent volume reduction(PVR)greater than 80%.Therapeutic effectiveness,including overall PVR and the overall and weekly healing rates,was evaluated.Results Totally,26 patients with DFU were enrolled,and they had an ulcer duration of 47.0(35.0,72.3)days.The severity and infection of ulcers varied,as indicated by the Site,Ischemia,Neuropathy,Bacterial Infection,and Depth(SINBAD)scores of 2–6,Wagner grades of 1–4,and the Perfusion,Extent,Depth,Infection and Sensation(PEDIS)scores of 2–4.The initial ulcer volume before L-PRF treatment was 4.94(1.50,13.83)cm3,and the final ulcer volume was 0.35(0.03,1.76)cm3.The median number of L-PRF doses was 3(2,5).A total of 11 patients achieved complete epithelialization after the fifth week of treatment,and 19 patients achieved at least an 80%volume reduction after the seventh week.The overall wound-healing rate was 1.47(0.63,3.29)cm3/week,and the healing rate was faster in the first 2 weeks than in the remaining weeks.Concurrent treatment did not change the percentage of complete epithelialization or healing rate.Conclusion Adding L-PRF to SOC significantly improved wound healing in patients with DFU independent of the ankle brachial index,SINBAD score,or Wagner grade,indicating that this method is appropriate for DFU treatment under different clinical conditions.
基金Project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.DUT21RC(3)063)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51720105007)the Baidu Foundation(No.ghfund202202014542)。
文摘Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)are proved methods that are effective in solving some strongly nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs),e.g.,Navier-Stokes equations,with a small amount of boundary or interior data.However,the feasibility of applying PINNs to the flow at moderate or high Reynolds numbers has rarely been reported.The present paper proposes an artificial viscosity(AV)-based PINN for solving the forward and inverse flow problems.Specifically,the AV used in PINNs is inspired by the entropy viscosity method developed in conventional computational fluid dynamics(CFD)to stabilize the simulation of flow at high Reynolds numbers.The newly developed PINN is used to solve the forward problem of the two-dimensional steady cavity flow at Re=1000 and the inverse problem derived from two-dimensional film boiling.The results show that the AV augmented PINN can solve both problems with good accuracy and substantially reduce the inference errors in the forward problem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070411,31720103916,31330071,31672494)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2019A1515011012)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB11010600)。
文摘The insect brain is the central part of the neurosecretory system,which controls morphology,physiology,and behavior during the insect’s lifecycle.Lepidoptera are holometabolous insects,and their brains develop during the larval period and metamorphosis into the adult form.As the only fully domesticated insect,the Lepidoptera silkworm Bombyx mori experienced changes in larval brain morphology and certain behaviors during the domestication process.Hormonal regulation in insects is a key factor in multiple processes.However,how juvenile hormone(JH)signals regulate brain development in Lepidoptera species,especially in the larval stage,remains elusive.We recently identified the JH receptor Methoprene tolerant 1(Met1)as a putative domestication gene.How artificial selection on Met1 impacts brain and behavioral domestication is another important issue addressing Darwin’s theory on domestication.Here,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Bombyx Met1 caused developmental retardation in the brain,unlike precocious pupation of the cuticle.At the whole transcriptomelevel,theecdysteroid(20-hydroxyecdysone,20 E)signaling and downstream pathways were overactivated in the mutant cuticle but not in the brain.Pathways related to cell proliferation and specialization processes,such as extracellular matrix(ECM)-receptor interaction and tyrosine metabolism pathways,were suppressed in the brain.Molecular evolutionary analysis and in vitro assay identified an amino acid replacement located in a novel motif under positive selection in B.mori,which decreased transcriptional binding activity.The B.mori MET1 protein showed a changed structure and dynamic features,as well as a weakened co-expression gene network,compared with B.mandarina.Based on comparative transcriptomic analyses,we proposed a pathway downstream of JH signaling(i.e.,tyrosine metabolism pathway)that likely contributed to silkworm larval brain development and domestication and highlighted the importance of the biogenic amine system in larval evolution during silkworm domestication.
基金supported by a 973 program(2013CB835200)to Wen WANGa key grant of West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to Hui XIANG
文摘Insects compose more than half of all living organisms on earth, playing essential roles in global ecosystems and forming complex relationships with humans. Insect research has significant biological and practical importance. However, the application of genetic manipulation technology has long been restricted to several model insects only, such as gene knockout in Drosophila, which has severely restrained the development of insect biology research. Recently, with the increase in the release of insect genome data and the introduction of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for efficient genetic modification, it has been possible to conduct meaningful functional studies in a broad array of insect species. Here, we summarize the advances in CRISPR/Cas9 in different insect species, discuss methods for its promotion, and consider its application in future insect studies. This review provides detailed information about the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in insect research and presents possible ways to improve its use in functional studies and insect pest control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1864207 and 51902232)。
文摘The rational modulation of electronic structure is highly desirable to develop an efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalyst for renewable energy applications.Metal hydroxide such as Ni(OH)_(2) has been proven useful for promoting alkaline HER,but the performance remains unsatisfactory.Herein,the electronic structure of Ni(OH)_(2) is modulated by the interfacial electron rearrangement between Ni-Ni(OH)_(2) heterojunction.Combined experiments with DFT simulations,the electrons of Ni species accumulate to the interfacial Ni-Ni(OH)_(2) sites,which modifies the d band center for promoting conversion of hydrogen intermediates and narrows the energy gap for boosting charge transfer in the HER process.Thus,the integrated electrode exhibits an efficient HER performance to drive10 mA cm^(-2) at the overpotential of 72 mV with a low Tafel slope of 43 mV dec^(-1).Our work renders a valuable insight for understanding and rationally designing efficient catalysts in alkaline HER.
