为减少大型喷灌机的喷灌水分蒸发漂移损失,将低压喷头改装成按适当间距布置的大流量压力补偿滴灌管,使大型喷灌机自走时拖拽滴灌管,实现边移动边滴灌。该移动滴灌系统融合了大型喷灌机与滴灌的技术优势,具有较高的节水潜力,研究其土壤...为减少大型喷灌机的喷灌水分蒸发漂移损失,将低压喷头改装成按适当间距布置的大流量压力补偿滴灌管,使大型喷灌机自走时拖拽滴灌管,实现边移动边滴灌。该移动滴灌系统融合了大型喷灌机与滴灌的技术优势,具有较高的节水潜力,研究其土壤水分入渗规律对于设计节水高效的灌溉系统具有重要意义。为确定移动滴灌管灌水后的土壤湿润体形状及土壤水分分布情况,该研究搭建了移动滴灌试验装置,设置30、40与50 mm 3种灌水深度进行移动滴灌土箱试验,同时利用HYDRUS-2D建立移动滴灌条件下的土壤水分运动数值模型。模拟与实测结果对比表明,所构建模型能较准确地反映移动滴灌的土壤水分运动规律,土壤剖面中的水分运动均遵循面源入渗模式,灌水后48 h土壤剖面含水率模拟值的标准均方根误差低于20%,各测点处含水率变化过程模拟的标准均方根误差值总体低于25%。利用所建模型分析了砂壤土、壤土与粉壤土3种不同的土壤质地,20、30与40mm3种不同的灌水深度以及0.050、0.075、0.100、0.125与0.150 cm3/cm35种不同的土壤初始含水率对移动滴灌条件下土壤水分入渗规律的影响。结果表明土壤质地对湿润峰运移距离与湿润体形状的影响较大,土壤砂性越强,湿润体横截面积越大,可以适应更大的滴灌管安装间距;对于供试砂壤土而言,增大灌水深度与土壤初始含水率,均可以提高湿润峰运移距离和灌水均匀性,但会加大深层渗漏风险。该研究结果对于大型喷灌机的移动滴灌系统设计运行具有重要参考价值。展开更多
Long-term field monitoring finds that serious surface subsidence can still occur even if the high strength cemented fill method is adopted.Combining the results of numerical simulations with global position system(GPS...Long-term field monitoring finds that serious surface subsidence can still occur even if the high strength cemented fill method is adopted.Combining the results of numerical simulations with global position system(GPS)monitoring,we took a typical filling mining mine with a steeply inclined ore body as an example,and explored its ground subsidence mechanism.The results show that the ground subsidence caused by the mining of steep ore body is characterized by two settlement centers and a significantly uneven spatial distribution,which is visibly different from ground subsidence characteristic of the coal mine.The subsidence on the hanging wall is much larger than that on the footwall,and the settlement center tends to move to the hanging wall with the increase of mining depth.The backfill improves the strength and surrounding rock bearing capacity,which leads to a lag of about 3 years of the subsidence.However,under the actions of continuous and repeated mining disturbances,the supporting effect of the backfill can only reduce the amplitude of the deformation,but it cannot prevent the occurrence of settlement.展开更多
针对坡地喷灌水量分布实测困难问题,以坡地喷头射程计算公式为基础,依据喷头射流方向总水量守恒原理,构建了喷灌水量分布由平地转换到坡地的计算模型,并通过试验验证了模型的正确性。利用该模型,分析了喷头布置方式、喷头间距、工作压...针对坡地喷灌水量分布实测困难问题,以坡地喷头射程计算公式为基础,依据喷头射流方向总水量守恒原理,构建了喷灌水量分布由平地转换到坡地的计算模型,并通过试验验证了模型的正确性。利用该模型,分析了喷头布置方式、喷头间距、工作压力和坡度等对坡面喷灌水量分布的影响,结果表明,三角形布置有利于坡地单喷头水量分布的叠加,且其组合喷灌均匀度略高于方形布置;随着喷头间距的增大,组合喷灌均匀度呈下降趋势;喷头低压运行时,组合喷灌均匀度相对较低,不能满足喷灌均匀性的要求,随着喷头工作压力的增大,组合喷灌均匀度逐渐增大;在一定坡度范围内,不同坡度对水量分布和组合喷灌均匀度的影响较小。因此,在坡地喷灌系统设计时,若选用雨鸟LF1200型喷头,建议采用三角形布置,喷头间距宜为1.0~1.2倍平地喷头射程,喷头工作压力宜选用300 k Pa。展开更多
文摘为减少大型喷灌机的喷灌水分蒸发漂移损失,将低压喷头改装成按适当间距布置的大流量压力补偿滴灌管,使大型喷灌机自走时拖拽滴灌管,实现边移动边滴灌。该移动滴灌系统融合了大型喷灌机与滴灌的技术优势,具有较高的节水潜力,研究其土壤水分入渗规律对于设计节水高效的灌溉系统具有重要意义。为确定移动滴灌管灌水后的土壤湿润体形状及土壤水分分布情况,该研究搭建了移动滴灌试验装置,设置30、40与50 mm 3种灌水深度进行移动滴灌土箱试验,同时利用HYDRUS-2D建立移动滴灌条件下的土壤水分运动数值模型。模拟与实测结果对比表明,所构建模型能较准确地反映移动滴灌的土壤水分运动规律,土壤剖面中的水分运动均遵循面源入渗模式,灌水后48 h土壤剖面含水率模拟值的标准均方根误差低于20%,各测点处含水率变化过程模拟的标准均方根误差值总体低于25%。利用所建模型分析了砂壤土、壤土与粉壤土3种不同的土壤质地,20、30与40mm3种不同的灌水深度以及0.050、0.075、0.100、0.125与0.150 cm3/cm35种不同的土壤初始含水率对移动滴灌条件下土壤水分入渗规律的影响。结果表明土壤质地对湿润峰运移距离与湿润体形状的影响较大,土壤砂性越强,湿润体横截面积越大,可以适应更大的滴灌管安装间距;对于供试砂壤土而言,增大灌水深度与土壤初始含水率,均可以提高湿润峰运移距离和灌水均匀性,但会加大深层渗漏风险。该研究结果对于大型喷灌机的移动滴灌系统设计运行具有重要参考价值。
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42072305 and 41831293)。
文摘Long-term field monitoring finds that serious surface subsidence can still occur even if the high strength cemented fill method is adopted.Combining the results of numerical simulations with global position system(GPS)monitoring,we took a typical filling mining mine with a steeply inclined ore body as an example,and explored its ground subsidence mechanism.The results show that the ground subsidence caused by the mining of steep ore body is characterized by two settlement centers and a significantly uneven spatial distribution,which is visibly different from ground subsidence characteristic of the coal mine.The subsidence on the hanging wall is much larger than that on the footwall,and the settlement center tends to move to the hanging wall with the increase of mining depth.The backfill improves the strength and surrounding rock bearing capacity,which leads to a lag of about 3 years of the subsidence.However,under the actions of continuous and repeated mining disturbances,the supporting effect of the backfill can only reduce the amplitude of the deformation,but it cannot prevent the occurrence of settlement.
文摘针对坡地喷灌水量分布实测困难问题,以坡地喷头射程计算公式为基础,依据喷头射流方向总水量守恒原理,构建了喷灌水量分布由平地转换到坡地的计算模型,并通过试验验证了模型的正确性。利用该模型,分析了喷头布置方式、喷头间距、工作压力和坡度等对坡面喷灌水量分布的影响,结果表明,三角形布置有利于坡地单喷头水量分布的叠加,且其组合喷灌均匀度略高于方形布置;随着喷头间距的增大,组合喷灌均匀度呈下降趋势;喷头低压运行时,组合喷灌均匀度相对较低,不能满足喷灌均匀性的要求,随着喷头工作压力的增大,组合喷灌均匀度逐渐增大;在一定坡度范围内,不同坡度对水量分布和组合喷灌均匀度的影响较小。因此,在坡地喷灌系统设计时,若选用雨鸟LF1200型喷头,建议采用三角形布置,喷头间距宜为1.0~1.2倍平地喷头射程,喷头工作压力宜选用300 k Pa。
