Effect of Zhiyang Pingfu Liquid on epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-related skin lesion

Objective:To verify the efficacy of the Chinese medicine“Zhiyang Pingfu Liquid”on the lesion associated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors(EGFRIs).Methods:Female BN rats were divided into Control group and Gefitinib group randomly.The Gefitinib group was administered gefitinib for 21 days.After 21 days,the rats in the Gefitinib group were grouped again and randomly divided into Model group,Gefitinib+ZY group,and Gefitinib+NS group.Starting from day 22,rats in Gefitinib+ZY or NS were given different drugs for 7 days besides the other conditions are as the same as before.Observe the morphological changes and histopathological changes of the skin during the research.The changes of inflammatory factors such as TNF-αand IL-6 in the serum of were detected by ELISA.Results:The application of“Zhiyang Pingfu Liquid”for 7 days could significantly reduce the skin inflammation whether in gross or pathological view.The concentration of TNF-αand IL-6 in Gefitinib+ZY is significantly lower than those in the Model group(P=0.002,P=0.002)and there is no significant changes compared with the Control group(P=0.279,P=0.165).Conclusion:Chinese herbal“Zhiyang Pingfu Liquid”can reduce the lesion and inflammatory caused by EGFRIs.

Uncertainty of temperature rise under nationally determined contributions and carbon neutral policies

Nationally determined contributions raised by Paris Agreement aim to control the temperature rise below 2°C or even 1.5°C at the end of the 21st century,compared to pre-industrial levels.However,the climate response of the Nationally Determined Contributions(NDCs)remains uncertain due to unstable policies and their credibility.In this study,we calculated the uncertainty of global temperature rise caused by uncertain NDCs and carbon-neutral policies and discussed the difficulty of policy implementation.The results show that there will be 8 GtC uncertainty in emission at the end of the 21st century,responsible for the temperature rise of 0.37°C(1.73–2.10°C).A delayed policy in emission reduction by major emitters would result in a temperature rise of over 2°C,while under non-delay policy,the 2°C target will be possibly achieved.Besides,low-emission countries would introduce a 30 GtC cumulative emission uncertainty at the end of the 21st century if there are no restrictions,leading to a 0.3°C global warming uncertainty.Developed countries need more substantial reductions in carbon intensity to achieve their climate policies while developing countries are under less pressure.The reduction of carbon intensity requires the strengthening of technical and economic methods.This study provides a reference for the realization of emission policies and temperature rise targets.

Will China achieve its 2060 carbon neutral commitment from the provincial perspective?

China has pledged to peak carbon emissions before 2030 and strive to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.However,the significant variations of provincial carbon emissions make it unclear whether they can jointly fulfill the national carbon peak and neutrality goal.Thus,this study predicts the emission trajectories at provincial level in China by employing the extended STIRPAT(Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population,Affluence,and Technology)model to see the feasibility and time of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality.We found that most provinces can achieve peak emission before 2030 but challenging to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060,even considering the ecological carbon sink.The provincial neutrality time is concentrated between 2058 and 2070;the sooner the carbon emission peaks,the earlier the carbon neutral will be realized.The aggregated carbon emissions at provincial level show that China can achieve its carbon emission peak of 9.64-10.71 Gt before 2030,but it is unlikely to achieve the carbon neutrality goal before 2060 without carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS).With high CCUS development,China is expected to achieve carbon neutrality in 2054-2058,irrespective of the socio-economic scenarios.With low CCUS development,China's carbon neutrality target will be achieved only under the accelerated-improvement scenario,while it will postpone to 2061 and 2064 under the continued-improvement and the business-as-usual scenarios,respectively.

Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Rash Caused by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: A Frequency Statistics and Meta-Analysis

Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in the treatment of rash caused by epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors(EGFRIs).Materials and Methods:Foreign language database(such as Pub Med,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,EMBASE)and Chinese language database(such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals[VIP],Wangfang,CBM disc)were searched for all trials of TCM in the treatment of rash caused by EGFRIs until January of 2019.We also looked through the references of relevant studies to supplement additional trials.The SPSS 25.0 was used for statistics of TCM with high frequency,and Review Manager 5.3 was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 22 studies were included in the study.We selected TCM whose frequency were>3.0%.They were Lonicera japonica(金银花),Licorice Roots Northwest Origin(生甘草),Cortex Dictamni(白鲜皮),Radix Sophorae Flavescentis(苦参),Schizonepeta(荆芥),Saposhnikovia Divaricate(防风).The meta-analysis revealed that the efficacy of TCM in treating EGFRIs-related rash was better than that of Western medicine or none.Conclusions:TCM could significantly relieve rash caused by EGFRIs,which is worth popularizing.Moreover,the mechanism deserves to be further explored.