The implementation and evaluation of HIV symptom management guidelines: A preliminary study in China

Objective:The overarching objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of HIV symptom management guidelines in China in reducing the incidence and severity of symptoms and improving patients'quality of life.Methods:We conducted a controlled,pre-and post-implementation design in the HIV/AIDS inpatient unit in Shanghai.Patients recruited from November 2014 to February 2015 were in the intervention group and those from October 2013 to February 2014 were in the control group.There were 74 patients in each group.Participants in the intervention group received interventions based on the HIV symptom management guidelines.Overall symptom severity,depression,and quality of life were measured in two groups at baseline,week 4,and week 8.Results:Totally 126 patients completed the research,65 in the intervention group and 61 in the control group.The total symptom severity scores showed a statistically significant difference between groups across time(P<0.05).It showed that frequencies of fatigue(36.9%vs.44.3%),fever(6.2%vs.11.5%),loss in weight(9.2%vs.16.4%),mouth ulcers(12.3%vs.16.4%),headaches(9.2%vs.19.7%)and depression(F=1.09,P>0.05)in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group in week 8 without statistical significance.The multilevel growth mixture model indicated a greater increase in the total score of quality of life for the group treated according to the symptom management guidelines(P=0.04).Conclusion:The evidence-based HIV symptom management guidelines can improve a patient's quality of life and relieve negative symptoms.The guidelines can be applied in a similar context to other HIV/AIDS units or clinics.

Effects of hole-injection through side-walls of large V-pits on efficiency droop in Ⅲ–nitride LEDs

Although the solid-state lighting market is growing rapidly, it is still difficult to obtain ultra-high brightness white light emitting diodes(LEDs). V-pits are inevitably introduced during the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD)growth of multiple quantum wells(MQWs) in Ⅲ–nitride LEDs, and thus affecting the carrier dynamics of the LEDs.Specifically designed structures are fabricated to study the influence of the V-pits on the hole transportation and efficiency droop, and double quantum wells(QWs) are used to monitor the transportation and distribution of holes based on their emission intensity. It is found that when compared with the planar QWs, the injection of holes into the QWs through the side walls of the V-pits changes the distribution of holes among the MQWs. This results in a higher probability of hole injection into the middle QWs and enhanced emission therein, and, consequently, a lower efficiency droop.

Orbital Stability of Solitary Waves of Compound KdV-type Equation

In this paper, we study the orbital stability of solitary waves of compound KdV-type equation in the form of ut ＋ auPux ＋ bu2pux ＋ Uzzz = 0 （b 〉 0, p 〉 0）. Our results imply that orbital stability of solitary waves is affected not only by the highest-order nonlinear term bu2pux, but also the nonlinear term auPux. For the case of b 〉 0 and 0 〈 p ≤ 2, we obtain that the positive solitary wave Ul（X - ct） is stable when a 〉 0, while that unstable when a 〈 0. The stability for negative solitary wave u2（x - ct） is on the contrary. In particular, we point that the nonlinear term with coefficient a makes contributes to the stability of the solitary waves when p= 2 and a〉0.