多尺度结构Ag/PA6纳米纤维膜的制备及其催化性能（英文）

随着工业的进步,废水处理特别是印染废水的处理成为亟待解决的问题.银纳米粒子因其特殊的物理化学性能而表现出催化活性,但银纳米粒子的团聚限制了其使用,所以出现了一系列新的载体材料,如微球、薄膜和纤维等.其中电纺纳米纤维由于具有高比表面积,作为载体材料具有非常大的优势,而将常规电纺纳米纤维作为载体也已有报道.但是,将具有更高比表面积的电纺纳米纤维作为载体,特别是一种类似于树枝状结构的多尺度纳米纤维作为载体还鲜有报道.本文制备了一种多尺度结构的PA6纳米纤维膜,该纳米纤维膜由直径为50-120 nm的主纤维和10-50 nm的分支纤维构成;由于分支纤维的出现,多尺度结构纳米纤维膜的比表面积得到了提高,可以为银纳米粒子的负载提供更多附着位点.制备的多尺度结构纳米纤维膜通过银胶溶液浸渍成功地负载银纳米粒子,对制备的纳米纤维膜的形态、化学结构以及对亚甲基蓝的催化性能进行了探讨.SEM,EDS和TEM结果表明,银纳米粒子成功地负载在多尺度结构纳米纤维的表面,并且银纳米粒子的粒径以及负载量可以通过变换银胶溶液的浓度合理调控.此外,与常规PA6纳米纤维膜相比,多尺度结构纳米纤维膜更有利于银纳米粒子的分散,同样通过银胶溶液A浸渍,负载在多尺度结构纳米纤维上银纳米粒子粒径为8.6 nm,而负载在普通PA6纳米纤维上银纳米粒子粒径为11.2 nm.XPS分析表明,银纳米粒子成功地负载到多尺度结构纳米纤维上,并且经不同银胶溶液处理,纳米纤维膜的载银量不同.通过O的高能XPS分析发现,银纳米粒子与PA6分子间形成了配位键,这在一定程度上有利于Ag纳米粒子的固定,阻止了Ag纳米粒子的团聚.Ag/PA6纳米纤维膜以及多尺度结构Ag/PA6纳米纤维膜催化降解实验表明,多尺度结构Ag/PA6纳米纤维膜具有较高的催化活性,反应2 h后对10 mg/L亚甲基蓝的降解率达到98.13%,并且降解过程符合伪一级动力学.不同浸渍液浓度处理纳米纤维膜催化实验表明,Ag纳米粒子的大小以及含量都会影响纳米纤维的催化活性,纳米粒子粒径越小,其催化活性越高;不同NaBH_4加入量催化体系催化实验表明,随着NaBH_4加入量的增大,催化体系的降解率增高,其对催化体系的催化性能起着至关重要的作用;其他条件一定,随着染料初始浓度的增大,催化体系的催化性能下降;循环实验表明,经5次循环之后,其降解率仍高达83.5%,该纳米纤维膜具有一定的循环使用性能.

Chinese herbal medicine for chronic heart failure:a multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial

Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)in the treatment of chronic heart failure(CHF)patients according to syndrome differentiation.Methods:In this multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled clinical trial,a total of 220 CHF patients were assigned to receive CHM or placebo granules without decoction according to syndrome differentiation in addition to their standard western treatment for 4 weeks.The change in the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)was the primary outcome,and the changes in the TCM syndrome scores(TCM-SS)and New York Heart Association functional classification(NYHA-FC)were the secondary outcomes.

Plasma metabolomics combined with personalized diagnosis guided by Chinese medicine reveals subtypes of chronic heart failure

Background:Chronic heart failure(CHF)is characterized by insufficient blood supply from heart to meet the body’s metabolic demands.Integrating Western and traditional Chinese medicine to treat CHF has proved a validated therapeutic approach.In recent years,metabolomics has been regarded as a potential platform to provide biomarkers for diseasesubtypes.Objective:To examine 38 patients,combined NMR plasma metabolomics and traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis in order to identify diagnostic biomarkers for two CHF syndrome subtypes.Methods:After processing the spectra,orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis was performed,and the contributing NMR signals were analyzed using Y-scrambling statistical validation with good reliability.Results:Plasma metabolic patterns of yin deficiency and yang deficiency patients were clearly discriminated.The yin-deficiency group had increased level of lactate,glycoprotein,lipoprotein and lower levels of glucose,valine and proline.The yang-deficiency group had higher levels of lactate,glycoprotein and pyruvic acid,and lower levels of glucose and lipoprotein.Potential biomarkers of CHF based on the two traditional Chinese medicine syndromes indicated alternative modes of metabolites and metabolic pathways in the disease,e.g.dysfunction of energy utilization and disturbance in fatty acids,amino acids.Conclusion:This study suggests that combining metabolomics with traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis can reveal metabolic signatures for CHF syndrome subtypes.The plasma metabolites identified might be of special clinical relevance for subtypes of CHF,which could lead to further understanding of mechanisms involved and an improvement in personalized treatment for CHF.

Combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Euonymus alatus (THUNB.) SIEB. for treatment of diabetes: A network-based pharmacology research

Objective:To find the target genes in combination of astragalus root(Astragalus membranaceus)and spindle tree wings(Euonymus alatus(THUNB.)SIEB.)(Qijian Heji)with the function of regulating blood glucose levels in kk mice by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-PCR).To achieve the primary exploration on the material basis for Qijian Heji to improve the blood glucose levels of type 2 diabetic kk mice.Methods:We applied RT-PCR to detecting the expression of gene targets in kidney tissues of type 2 diabetes model kk mice.The detected gene targets were predicted by the network pharmacology method in the early stage of the project.Through the observation of the hypoglycemic effect of different ratios of Qijian Heji,the optimal proportion was determined and then used to conduct research of material basis.Results:Continuous administration of Qijian Heji(astragalus root:spindle tree wings Z 3:1)for six weeks resulted in significantly lowering blood glucose levels in mice in the fourth week,dropping from 33.3 to 21.9 mmol/L;this lower level was maintained in the fifth to sixth weeks.Blood glucose values in the positive drug group decreased from 33.3 to 21.85 mmol/L in the fourth week and maintained steady decreasing in the fifth and sixth weeks.Conclusion:Qijian Heji,with proportion of 3:1,could significantly reduce the blood glucose values in kk mice,animal experiment results verified the accurate prediction of network pharmacology,and at the same time,it is verified there was a certain therapeutic effect about the combination of the two herbs on reducing the glucose value.Animal experiments and RT-PCR results showed that Qijian Heji conducted a hypoglycemic effect by modulating estrogen receptor(ESR1)and renin(REN)expression.

The effect of continuous Jue tone intervention on blood pressure and vasoactive substances in hypertensive rats with a liver-fire hyperactivity pattern

Objective:Jue tone is a kind of sound,using 3-mi as the main tone,and is melodious,profound,makes people feel comfortable and pleasant.This study aimed to explore the probable mechanism of Jue tone to reduce blood pressure(BP)in hypertensive rats with a liver-fire hyperactivity pattern by observing changes in BP as well as physiochemical indexes in plasma.Methods:Sixteen male spontaneous hypertensive rats(SHR)with a liver-fire hyperactivity pattern were randomly divided into a control group and a Jue tone group.The rats in the Jue tone group were treated with Jue tone(55e65 dB,played by the five elements of music rhythm instrument,a kind of physiotherapy regimen music played by Shen Wu)once a day for 4 weeks.The BP levels in each group were measured twice a week,on Monday and Friday.The levels of angiotensin II(Ang-II),thromboxane B2(TXB2),endothelin-1(ET-1),calcitonin gene-related peptide(cGRP),norepinephrine(NE),cortisol(CORT),and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT).in plasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after 4 weeks of intervention.Results:BP and the levels of TXB2 and ET-1 in the plasma of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group,while the level of cGRP was significantly higher.Conclusion:Jue tone can reduce the BP of hypertensive rats with a liver-fire hyperactivity pattern.The mechanism may correlate with a reduction in TXB2 and ET-1 and an increase in cGRP with the reduction of reactive oxygen species(ROS).

Geographic range size patterns across plants and animals of Xinjiang,China

Patterns in species geographic range size are relatively well-known for vertebrates,but still poorly known for plants.Contrasts of these patterns between groups have rarely been investigated.With a detailed flora and fauna distribution database of Xinjiang,China,we used regression methods,redundancy analysis and random forests to explore the relationship of environment and body size with the geographic range size of plants,mammals and birds in Xinjiang and contrast these patterns between plants and animals.We found positive correlations between species range size and body size.The range size of plants was more influenced by water variables,while that of mammals and birds was largely influenced by temperature variables.The productivity variable,i.e.,Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)was far more correlated with range size than climatic variables for both plants and animals,suggesting that vegetation productivity inferred from remote sensing data may be a good predictor of species range size for both plants and animals.

Use of Qishen granule for the treatment of heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies

Objective:To evaluate the effect of Qishen granule(QSG)on heart failure(HF)and the potential mechanisms involved in animal models.Methods:Studies of QSG in animals with HF were identified by searches of eight databases up to August 1,2019.Two authors independently reviewed each study and the Collaborative Approach to Metaanalysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies 10-item checklist was used for quality assessment.The primary outcomes were indicators of left ventricular ejection fraction and/or left ventricular fractional shortening.The secondary outcome measures were ventricular structure,hemodynamics,myocardial injury-related indicators,and the mechanisms whereby QSG ameliorates HF.A metaanalysis was performed and all the data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Thirteen studies containing a total of 240 animals met the criteria for the meta-analysis.The quality score of the studies ranged from three to six points.The meta-analysis showed a significant effect of QSG to improve cardiac function,inhibit ventricular remodeling,improve circulation,and attenuate myocardial injury.The possible mechanisms was identified to be suppression of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system,which has anti-fibrotic,anti-apoptotic,anti-inflammatory,and anti-oxidative effects in the myocardium,the prevention of calcium overload,and the promotion of myocardial energy metabolism.Conclusion:Our review shows that QSG has a cardioprotective effect in animal models of CHF.However,due to the relatively poor quality of the included studies and the differences between humans and animal models,the results should be interpreted with caution.

Evaluation of Chinese medicine on heart failure based on NMR metabolomics

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese herbs on heart failure(HF)using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)metabolomics.Methods:Plasma metabolomics was conducted on both patients with HF and healthy controls.The partial least squares model was applied to determine potential metabolic markers and related metabolic pathways of the disease.HF patients with the traditional Chinese syndrome pattern of qi deficiency and blood stasis were divided into two groups,and treated,respectively,with conventional medicine and a combination of conventional and Chinese herbs,aimed at tonifying qi and activating blood.Healthy participants served as a control group for comparison.Results and conclusion:Both conventional and herbal treatments appear to regulate disorders of amino acid and glucose metabolism.Combined treatment appears to be more comprehensive,indicating that herbal and conventional medicines exert their effects through different mechanisms in treating HF.It can be further inferred that herbs that tonify qi and activate blood may regulate different essential metabolites.

Biological basis of “depression with liver-qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome”: A digital gene expression profiling study

Objective:To investigate the biological basis of“depression with liver-qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome”.Methods:A digital gene expression profiling method was conducted to explore global changes in the mRNA transcriptome in a rat model of depression with liver-qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q-PCR)was performed to verify the five genes most interest based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome(KEGG)analysis.Sini San,which disperses stagnated liver qi and strengthens the spleen,was administered to the model rats to observe whether it could reverse these genetic changes in the liver.Results:Forty-six differentially expressed genes were identified.Three of the five genes of most interestdHnf4a,Hnf4g and Cyp1a1dbased on KEGG analysis,were confirmed by realtime q-PCR.Sini San reduced the gene expression changes of Hnf4a,Hnf4g and Cyp1a1 in the rat model.Conclusions:Hnf4a,Hnf4g and Cyp1a1 are involved in“depression with liver-qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome”.These findings indicate that depressed rats with liver-qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome are at risk of liver diseases.Furthermore,our results will inform exploration of the etiology of depression and help in the development of effective therapeutic strategies.

Switchable nanoparticles complexing cisplatin for circumventing glutathione depletion in breast cancer chemotherapy

Cisplatin is broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent that has been widely used for the treatment of a variety of malignant tumors including breast cancer.However,the cisplatin chemoresistance,which derives from the inactivation by glutathione(GSH)depletion,remains a scientific issue to solve.Here,we report a novel type of smart disulfide switchable nanoparticles complexing cisplatin(switch NPs-cisplatin)that is rationally designed,and engineered by synthesizing a hyaluronic acid disulfide bonded polyaspartic acid(HA-ss-Pasp)and complexing cisplatin.The results showed that the switch NPs-cisplatin had a nanoscale of particle size(150 nm),higher drug encapsulation efficiency(>90%),and suitable drug release profile.They demonstrated evident pH responsiveness and GSH responsiveness,and targeting effect in the resistant breast cancer cells.Furthermore,they were able to block the cisplatin depletion by GSH in the resistant cancer cells,thereby circumventing the chemoresistance.Consequently,switch NPs-cisplatin displayed a remarkable killing effect in the resistant breast cancer cells in vitro,and in the resistant breast cancer-bearing mice.In conclusion,switch NPs-cisplatin could be used as a smart formulation of cisplatin for overcoming the chemoresistance of breast cancer.The present study also offers a universal drug delivery carrier platform for highly efficient but low systemic toxic chemotherapy.

Red list assessments of Chinese higher plants

Based on the two most recent assessments of Chinese higher plants in 2013 and 2020,of 34,450 and 39,330 species,respectively,we analysed the threatened status of Chinese higher plants.In 2020,around 4,088(10.39%)of the assessed species in China are threatened,2,875(7.31%)Near Threatened,27,593(70.16%)not currently threatened and categorised as Least Concern and 4,752(12.08%)categorised as Data Deficient.While in 2013,3,767(10.93%)of the assessed higher plants in China are threatened,2,723(7.90%)Near Threatened,24,296(70.53%)Least Concern and 3,612(10.48%)Data Deficient.Estimates of the Red List Index in the two years show different patterns when using different weighting methods with the equal steps weighting method showing a slight decrease(0.91675-0.91495)and the extinction risk weighting method showing a slight increase(0.98792-0.98797).We inferred that China's threatened plant species were likely/relatively effectively protected.However,attention should also be given to the non-threatened species in the future as an additional strategy for their conservation,to maintain their non-threatened status.

Development and performance evaluation of the electric-hydraulic concave clearance control system based on maize feed rate mon

Complex field environments,diverse crop conditions,and varying feed rate fluctuations commonly result in a decline in the threshing performance and the clogging of the threshing cylinder for maize harvesters.In order to overcome these problems,an electric-hydraulic concave clearance automatic control system for the threshing unit was developed based on the maize feed rate monitoring,which can automatically realize the best match between the concave clearance and diverse feed rates during harvesting.The threshing performance of the electric-hydraulic control system was evaluated for varying and uneven maize feed rate fluctuations,such as the feed rate increased(6-8-10 kg/s),the feed rate decreased after an increase(6-10-8 kg/s,8-10-6 kg/s),the feed rate increased after a decrease(8-6-10 kg/s,10-6-8 kg/s),and the feed rate decreased(10-8-6 kg/s).In particular,the threshing rotor shaft peak torque,the range of threshing rotor shaft torque,the rate of broken grains(BGR),and the rate of unthreshed grains(UGR)with and without the electric-hydraulic control system were tested.Treatments with the electric-hydraulic control system were adjustable concave clearance with the value of 45 mm,50 mm,and 55 mm.Treatments without the electric-hydraulic control system were constant concave clearance(50 mm).Results demonstrate that the threshing unit with the electric-hydraulic control system outperformed the one without the electric-hydraulic control system,with threshing rotor peak torque,the range of threshing rotor axis torque,the BGR,and the UGR decreasing by 18.38%,38.27%,2.08%,and 0.10%,respectively.Moreover,the rate of broken grains was lower than 5.00%,better than the national standard.Thus,the feed rate fluctuations and timely adjustment of the concave clearance were able to avoid blocking the rotor and improve the threshing performance compared to the constant concave clearance.

Continuous measurement method and mathematical model for soil compactness

With the continuous improvement of agricultural mechanization,soil compaction becomes more and more serious.Serious soil compaction has been considered as an important negative factor affecting crop growth and yield.The measurement of soil compactness is a common method to measure the soil compaction level.In order to solve the problems of discontinuous sampling,time-consuming and poor real-time soil compactness measurement,a real-time measurement method of soil compactness based on fertilizing shovel was proposed,and the mathematical model between fertilizing shovel arm deformation and soil compactness was established.Based on the interaction mechanism between fertilizing shovel and soil,through the force analysis of fertilizing shovel,it was found that the deformation of fertilizing shovel arm was positively correlated with the sum of soil compactness(SSC)within the range of tillage depth.In order to verify the theoretical analysis results and the detection accuracy of strain gauge,the static bench test was carried out.The test results showed that the strain gauge signal for measuring the deformation of the fertilizing shovel arm was significantly correlated with the applied force.The fitting curve of the linear correlation coefficient was 0.999,the maximum detection error was 0.68 kg,and the detecting accuracy was within the tolerance of 0.57%.Through field orthogonal experiments with four working depths and four compaction levels,a mathematical model of the strain gauge signal and the SSC within the range of tillage depth was established.The experiment showed that compared with the other three depths,the linear correlation coefficient at the tillage depth of 5 cm(TD5)was the lowest,and the slope of the fitting curve was obviously different from the other three depths,so the 5 cm data were excluded when modeling.The model between mean signal value and mean SSC within the range of tillage depth was established based on the data of sampling points with tillage depths of 7.5 cm(TD7.5),10 cm(TD10),and 12.5 cm(TD12.5).The linear correlation coefficient(R^(2))of the model between mean signal value and mean SSC which eliminated 5 cm data was 0.980 and the root mean square error(RMSE)was 143.57 kPa.Compared with the linear model before averaging,the R^(2) was improved by 8.65%,and the RMSE was reduced by 52.39%.This system can realize the real-time and continuous measurement of soil compactness and provide data support for follow-up intelligent agricultural operations.