The Use of Floss in Medical Faculties of Inner Mongolia Medical University in 2017

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine the degree of using floss and the demographic characteristics of medical faculties of Inner Mongolia Medical University. Materials and Methods: Participants completed the questionnaire in the classroom. These participants came from the medical faculties of Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine. These participants were interviewed to determine the demographic characteristics. Non-flossors responded according to their reasons for not flossing. Results: A total of 3481 effective data were available for analysis. The floss prevalence was 17.21%, which was lower by 5.72% for students living in rural areas, when compared to students living in urban areas. The largest proportion of non-flossing participants in rural areas answered, “I do not know what a floss is”, while participants in urban answered, “I do not want to use it”. The largest proportion of answered flossing frequency was less than once a month. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the prevalence of using floss in medical faculties in Inner Mongolia Medical University was higher, when compared to that in Sichuan province, China, but lower than that in other countries. Although the students use floss, more than one-third of students use floss less than once a month, which is close to “never”. The prevalence in rural areas is lower than those in urban areas. Male not only comprises the total number of prevalence, but also has a frequency greater than that in females. The emphasis on using floss should be improved in medical students.

Geological Evolution and Huge Ore-Forming Belts in the Core Part of the Central Asian Metallogenic Region

The multi-stage geological evolution and extensive continental deformations during the course of its history make the Central Asian metallogenic region(CAMR) a unique and complicated large-scale metal domain. New geological observations and precise age-data allow an improved reconstruction of the geological evolution of the CAMR. This paper summarizes the Paleozoic orogenic evolution and related ore formation in the core part of the CAMR based on the geological data published both during the Soviet period and the last decades. Four ore-formation provinces(Altay, BalkhashJunggar, Chu-Yili-Tianshan, and Southwest Tianshan) could be classified. The Balkhash-Junggar and Chu-Yili-Tianshan provinces are the major topics of this paper. The Balkhash-Junggar province consists of 4 huge ore-forming belts(Zharma-Saur, Tarbahtay-Xiemistay, Aktogay-Baerluke, Balkhashwestern Junggar) with 11 large ore-college areas. The Chu-Yili-Tianshan province consists of 4 huge ore-forming belts(Alatau-Sairimu, Chu-Yili-Bolehuole, Issyk-Awulale, Kazharman-Nalaty) with 22 large ore-college areas. Formation of large ore-college area corresponds to a specific stage of continental crust growth. Comparison of geology and ore deposits in the CAMR provides rich information for future exploration and understanding of ore-forming processes. The Paleo-Junggar Ocean closed at Early Devonian in the Balkhash-western Junggar ore-forming belt. Afterwards, widespread volcanic- sedimentary rocks formed at extensional stage due to delamination of the thick lower crust formed during previous accretionary processes. Felsic magma intrusion caused formation of porphyry Cu-Au deposit at ~310 Ma and related hydrothermal gold deposits about 10 Ma later. For example, in the Hatu-Baobei-Sartohay Au-Cr ore-college area in the Balkhash-western Junggar ore-forming belt, small granitic to diorite plutons and various dykes(312–277 Ma) and large granite bodies(~300 Ma) intruded into the Devonian to Early Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary basin. These magmatic activities and fault systems mainly controlled ore-forming processes.

Paleozoic Intrusive Rocks in the Nalati Mountain Range(NMR), Southwest Tianshan: Geodynamic Evolution Based on Petrology and Geochemical Studies

A synthesis involving the data for the Nalati mountain region(NMR) in west Tianshan with a dataset including zircon U-Pb ages, Hf isotopic composition, major and trace elements of Paleozoic intrusions are presented to improve the understanding of regional geodynamic evolution. Paleozoic intrusive rocks in the NMR could be classified into four categories based on chronological and geochemical data: 480?5 Ma, 445–410 Ma, 345–320 Ma, and 295 Ma, which correspond to(1) closure of the Terskey Ocean and the opening of the south Tianshan back-arc basin, which was followed with the opening of the south Tianshan Ocean,(2) initial subduction of the south Tianshan oceanic crust,(3) major subduction stage, and(4) collision to post-collisional stage, respectively. Following the closure of the Terskey Ocean, the south Tianshan Ocean opened at Early Silurian and subducted under Yili-central Tianshan by the end of Early Carboniferous Period. The following breakoff of the subducted slab triggered partial melting of continental crust and formed voluminous granitic rocks in the NMR.

Effects of sludge retention time,carbon and initial biomass concentrations on selection process:From activated sludge to polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulating cultures

Four sequence batch reactors(SBRs) fed by fermented sugar cane wastewater were continuously operated under the aerobic dynamic feeding(ADF) mode with different configurations of sludge retention time(SRT), carbon and initial biomass concentrations to enrich polyhydroxyalkanoate(PHA) accumulating mixed microbial cultures(MMCs) from municipal activated sludge.The stability of SBRs was investigated besides the enrichment performance. The microbial community structures of the enriched MMCs were analyzed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP). The optimum operating conditions for the enrichment process were: SRT of 5 days, carbon concentration of 2.52 g COD/L and initial biomass concentration of3.65 g/L. The best enrichment performance in terms of both operating stability and PHA storage ability of enriched cultures(with the maximum PHA content and PHA storage yield(YPHA/S) of61.26% and 0.68 mg COD/mg COD, respectively) was achieved under this condition. Effects of the SRT, carbon concentration and initial biomass concentration on the PHA accumulating MMCs selection process were discussed respectively. A new model including the segmentation of the enrichment process and the effects of SRT on each phase was proposed.

Laser-annealing-made amplified spontaneous emission of "giant" CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals transferred from bulk-like shell to quantum-confined core

'Giant' Cd Se/Cd S core/shell nanocrystals(NCs) were synthesized with thick Cd S shell(15 monolayers), and the x-ray diffraction(XRD) measurement indicates there is a zinc blende phase in the thick Cd S shell, whereas it transformed into wurtzite phase under 5 min radiation with a 400 nm, 594 μJ∕cm2femtosecond(fs) laser beam.The evolution of the NCs’ spontaneous emission under the fs laser radiation was recorded with a Hamamatsu streak camera. The as-synthesized NCs exhibit an amplified spontaneous emission(ASE) at 530 nm, which comes from a bulk-like Cd S shell due to the interfacial potential barrier, which could slow down the relaxation of holes from the shell to the core. After being annealed by an fs laser, the ASE of the g-NCs is transferred from a bulk-like Cd S shell to a quantum-confined Cd Se core because the phase transformation determined with the XRD measurement could remove the interfacial barrier. Besides the ASE at 643 nm, two shorter-wavelength ASE peaks at 589 and 541 nm, corresponding to optical transitions of the second(1P) and third(1D) electron quantization shells of the Cd Se core, also appear, thus indicating that Auger recombination is effectively suppressed.