Role of inflammatory lipid and fatty acid metabolic abnormalities induced by plastic additives exposure in childhood asthma

Lipid metabolism play an essential role in occurrence and development of asthma,and it can be disturbed by phthalate esters(PAEs)and organophosphate fame retardants(OPFRs).As a chronic infammatory respiratory disease,the occurrence risk of childhood asthma is increased by PAEs and OPFRs exposure,but it remains not entirely clear how PAEs and OPFRs contribute the onset and progress of the disease.We have profiled the serum levels of PAEs and OPFRs congeners by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry,and its relationships with the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in asthmatic,bronchitic(acute infammation)and healthy(non-infammation)children.Eight PAEs and nine OPFRs congeners were found in the serum of children(1–5 years old)from Shenzhen,and their total median levels were 615.16 ng/m L and 17.06 ng/m L,respectively.Moreover,the serum levels of mono-methyl phthalate(MMP),tri-propyl phosphate(TPP)and tri-n-butyl phosphate(TNBP)were significant higher in asthmatic children than in healthy and bronchitic children as control.Thirty-one characteristic lipids and fatty acids of asthma were screened by machine-learning random forest model based on serum lipidome data,and the alterations of infammatory characteristic lipids and fatty acids including palmitic acids,12,13-Di HODE,14,21-Di HDHA,prostaglandin D2 and Lyso PA(18:2)showed significant correlated with high serum levels of MMP,TPP and TNBP.These results imply PAEs and OPFRs promote the occurrence of childhood asthma via disrupting infammatory lipid and fatty acid metabolism,and provide a novel sight for better understanding the effects of plastic additives on childhood asthma.

Migration mechanism and risk assessment of perand polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Ya'Er Lake oxidation pond area,China

The migration mechanisms,sources,and environmental risks of 29 legacy and emerging perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl species present in an oxidation pond(Ya'Er Lake)were investigated for treating sewage based on the analysis of their occurrence and distribution.The concentration of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in pond area was between0.30 and 63.2 ng/g dw(dry weight),with the overall average concentration of 8.00 ng/g dw.Notably,the PFAS concentrations in the surface sediments near the sewage outlet in Pond-1(50.2 ng/g dw)and Pond-5(average 15.1 ng/g dw)were 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than those in other areas.In general,the legacy PFAS,i.e.,perfluorooctane sulfonic acid was considered to be the major pollutant in the polluted area,on average,accounting for 73.0%of the total concentration of PFAS pollutants.By evaluating the regional distribution of different PFAS homologs,the short-chain PFAS pollutants with lower K_(ow)were found to migrate farther in both horizontal and vertical directions.The sewage outlets in Pond-1 and Pond-5are the main pollution sources in polluted area and the emerging PFAS pollutants in Pond-5have replaced the legacy PFAS pollutants as the main pollutants.Based on positive matrix factorization analysis,three main industrial sources of PFAS pollutants in the study area were identified:protective coating,fire-fighting,and food packaging sources.Moreover,the environmental risk assessment results showed that most study areas exhibited medium environmental risk(0.01≤Risk quotient(RQ)<1),indicating that the ecological environment risks in this area need further attention.

Levels,distributions,and sources of legacy and novel per-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in the topsoil of Tianjin,China

Soil is a major sink for per-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),wherein PFAS may be transferred through the food chain to predators at upper trophic levels,which poses a threat to human health.Herein,the concentrations and distributions of legacy and novel PFAS in topsoil samples from different functional areas in Tianjin were comprehensively investigated.Seventeen PFAS congeners were identified,with concentrations ranging from 0.21 ng/g to 5.35 ng/g,with a mean concentration of 1.25 ng/g.The main PFAS in the topsoil was perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA).6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate(6:2 ClPFESA;<MDL–1.95 ng/g,mean 0.11 ng/g),as an emerging substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS),was also detected in the topsoil.It showed slightly higher concentrations than PFOS(<MDL–1.62 ng/g,mean 0.10 ng/g),indicating it has gradually replaced legacy PFOS in this area.Based on the positive-definite matrix factor(PMF)receptor model,the major PFAS sources was dominated by textile treatment,metal electroplating plants,and some potential precursors of PFAS with longer chains(>C8)were the major sources(43.4%),followed by food packaging as well as coating materials(25.5%).In addition,Spearman correlation analysis and the structural equation model showed that population density significantly impacted the PFAS distribution in the topsoil of Tianjin.