Tensile Fracture Location Characterizations of Friction Stir Welded Joints of Different Aluminum Alloys

The tensile fracture location characterizations of the friction stir welded joints of the AA1050-H24 and AA6061-T6 Al alloys were evaluated in this study. The experimental results show that the fracture locations of the joints are different for the different Al alloys, and they are affected by the FSW parameters. When the joints are free of welding defects, the AA1050-H24 joints are fractured in the HAZ and TMAZ on the AS and the fracture parts undergo a large amount of plastic deformation, while the AA6061-T6 joints are fractured in the HAZ on the RS and the fracture surfaces are inclined a certain degree to the bottom surfaces of the joints. When some welding defects exist in the joints, the AA1050-H24 joints are fractured on the RS or AS, the AA6061-T6 joints are fractured on the RS, and all the fracture locations are near to the weld center. The fracture locations of the joints are dependent on the internal structures of the joints and can be explained by the microhardness profiles and defect morphologies of the joints.

Friction Stir Weldabilities of AA1050-H24 and AA6061-T6 Aluminum Alloys

The friction stir weldabilities of the strain-hardened AA1050-H24 and precipitate-hardened AA6061-T6 aluminum alloys were examined to reveal the effects of material properties on the friction stir welding behavior. The experimental results are obtlained. (1) For AA1050-H24, the weld can possess smoother surface ripples; there is no elliptical weld nugget in the weld; there is no discernible interface between the stir zone and the thermomechanically affected zone; and the internal defect of the weld looks like a long crack and is located in the lower part of the weld. (2) For AA6061-T6, the weld usually possesses slightly rougher surface ripples; an elliptical weld nugget clearly exists in the weld; there are discernible interfaces among the weld nugget, thermomechanically affected zone and heat affected zone; and the internal defect of the weld is similar to that of the AA1050-H24 weld. (3) The effective range of welding parameters for AA1050-H24 is narrow, while the one for AA6061-T6 is very wide. (4) The maximum tensile strength efficiency of the AA1050-H24 joints is similar to that of the AA6061-T6 joints, i.e. 79% and 77%, respectively.

Expression of Pepsinogen C in Gastric Cancer and Precancerous Diseases and its Clinical Significance

OBJECTIVE To investigate the active expression of pepsinogen C (PGC) and its value in detection of precancerous diseases and gastric cancer.METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of pepsinogen C in 424 specimens of gastric mucosa collected by gastroscopy.RIFSULTS The positive rate of PGC expression in 54 cases of normal gastric mucosa was 100 % and 2.4% in 124 cases of gastric cancer. The positive rate of PGC expression in superficial gastritis, gastric ulcer or erosion, atrophic gastritis or gastric dysplasia and gastric cancer decreased significantly in the sequence indicated (P<0.05).CONCLUSION The expression of PGC is negatively correlated with the degree of malignancy of gastric mucosa and with development of gastric lesions. PGC expression has a high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of precancerous diseases which can lead to gastric cancer and may be a good indicator for screening and diagnosis of gastric cancer and precursors of gastric cancer.