Curcumin can influence synaptic dysfunction in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice

Objective:Synaptic loss in the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been shown to be closely associated with the cognitive impairment.Synaptic dysfunction is a pathological feature that occurs prior to synaptic loss and mainly depends on structural changes and alterations of synaptic proteins.Evidence has suggested that curcumin,obtained from the traditional Chinese medicine—Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.),can ameliorate cognitive impairment,but few studies have focused on the mechanism by which curcumin affects synapses at early stages of AD.Therefore,we performed a study to investigate whether curcumin exerted its effect on synapses at the early stage in AD.Methods:We used 3-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 mice and wild type (WT) littermates of the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice from the same colony as the normal controls.Seventy-five APPswe/ PS1dE9 mice were allocated to the Model group,Rosiglitazone group,and Curcumin groups randomly.The Wild and Model groups were orally administered an equal amount of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).We observed the ultrastructure of synapses in the CA1 area of hippocampus and analyzed the expression levels of PSD95 and Shank1,two important synapseassociated proteins,in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice by immunohistochemical staining and western blot after gavage for three months.Results:Our findings showed that curcumin treatment not only improved the quantity and ultrastructure of synapses but also increased the expression of PSD95 and Shank1.Conclusion:The results indicate that curcumin improves synaptic dysfunction and the potential mechanism may involve improving the structure of synapses and regulating the synapse related proteins PSD95 and Shank1.

Corrigendum to " Curcumin alleviates the synaptic dysfunction in APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice"[J Trad Chin Med Sci 5 (2018) 168e176]

This is Dr.Pengwen Wang,from Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.Our group published the article"Curcumin can influence synaptic dysfunction in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice"in your Journal in 2018.We sincerely apologize for the controversies caused by our figures.In Fig.2A and 3A,there are embellishments of figures to make the cells more visible.There were no intentions in any way to alter the cell count.In Fig.3A,therewas a misuse of segments.We truly apologize for this negligence.With careful inspection,the result presented in the article was consistent with the original experiment.

Establishment and characterization of a canine chondrosarcoma cell line:Mango

In the global progress of bone tumor research,established stable and long-lasting transgenic chondrosarcoma(CSA)cell lines are rare,mainly of murine and human origin,while the establishment of canine CSA cell lines has yet to be reported.This study established a canine CSA cell line to facilitate the basic clinical study of canine CSA.Fifty fve cases of canine osteolytic disease were collected,and more than 10 bone tumor samples from dogs with typical clinical signs were used for primary cell culture.A cell line with stable passaging for more than 100 generations and mouse tumorigenic ability was successfully cultured.According to the clinical characteristics of the dog and the histopathological results of the primary tumor,CSA was diagnosed,and the CSA cell line was designated Mango.Immunohistochemical(IHC)results showed that the immunoreactivity of bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein(BGLAP),secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC),alkaline phosphatase(ALPL),vimentin(VIM)and S100 were positive.However,the immunoreactivity of pan-cytokeratin(PCK),chromogranin A(CGA),and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(CD31)was negative.Immunofuorescence(IF)results showed that the protein expressions in the Mango cell line were consistent with the IHC identifcation of the primary tumor.The Mango cell line’s doubling time was 43.92 h,and the cell formation rate exceeded 20%.There were abnormal chromosome numbers,hetero staining with toluidine blue,and certain calcifcation abilities.It could be passaged stably and continuously without changing the cell morphology and characteristics.In vivo,the cells were successfully injected into the nude mice model with a tumorigenic rate of 100%.The immunophenotype of the xenograft tumor was consistent with that of the primary tumor.Therefore,we efectively established a canine CSA cell line.As a promising cell material,this cell line can be used to construct a tumor-bearing model conducive to the subsequent basic research of canine CSA.Moreover,because of its similarity to human CSA,the animal model of CSA is also indispensable for investigating human CSA.