二语习得知识领域2009-2019年间的可视化研究

本文以2009-2019年二语言习得(SLA)知识领域为研究对象,由于二语习得知识领域的快速发展和多元化研究,本文选择近10年的二语习得研究文献和采用一种新兴的数据分析工具CiteSpace对二语习得知识领域进行文献综述,利用Web of Science数据库主题检索了2009-2019年二语习得相关的4660条文献。研究发现二语习得的影响因素和统计模型是研究的重要方面,且研究主题集中在心理学、神经科学、语言学和语言教学等框架。此外,二语习得研究内容也日趋多样化,近年来认知科学的实证研究逐渐占据主导地位。同时本文对二语习得知识领域的可视化研究显示在未来一定时间内跨学科研究可能会吸引更多学者的眼球。

运动性言语障碍的科学知识图谱分析

本文运用科学计量学方法,对2000年至2019年间语言学中的运动性言语障碍的知识领域进行了可视化研究。通过主题检索,从Thomson Reuter的网络科学核心馆藏(WoSCC)中收集了869篇文献记录和20411篇参考文献。通过CiteSpace中运动性言语障碍知识领域的聚类可视化文献共引网络,确定了15个不同时期的研究重点,包括言语失用、声学、儿童、技术、失语症、儿童言语失用、原发性进行性失语、言语运动迟缓、帕金森氏病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症、节律、外国口音综合征、发音、语音意识、剂量和言语感知。围绕语言学,这些重点可分为音系学和语音学方面的运动性言语障碍语音特征研究、神经语言学和声学语音学方面的运动性言语障碍治疗方法、基于病理语言方面的神经系统疾病继发构音障碍研究、言语失用的亚型、基于听觉语音学的运动性言语障碍方法的研究方法和一个新识别的运动性言语障碍亚型。同时,通过对参考引文突现的分析,发现了运动性言语障碍在语言学领域的新趋势,这表明关于运动性言语障碍治疗方法的研究正在不断增加,主要集中在治疗的评估和有效性上,神经系统疾病所致构音障碍的语音特征、指标及辅助诊断。综上所述,本综述指出,评估运动性言语障碍和声学治疗构音障碍的声学措施不仅是过去的焦点,而且是未来的发展趋势。

Assessing the impact of fungicide enostroburin application on bacterial community in wheat phyllosphere

Fungicides have been used extensively for controlling fungal pathogens of plants. However, little is known regarding the effects that fungicides upon the indigenous bacterial communities within the plant phyllosphere. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of fungicide enostroburin upon bacterial communities in wheat phyllosphere. Culture-independent methodologies of 16S rDNA clone library and 16S rDNA directed polymerase chain reaction with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) were used for monitoring the change of bacterial community. The 16S rDNA clone library and PCR-DGGE analysis both confirmed the microbial community of wheat plant phyllosphere were predominantly of the γ-Proteobacteria phyla. Results from PCR-DGGE analysis indicated a significant change in bacterial community structure within the phyllosphere following fungicide enostroburin application. Bands sequenced within control cultures were predominantly of Pseudomonas genus, but those bands sequenced in the treated samples were predominantly strains of Pantoea genus and Pseudomonas genus. Of interest was the appearance of two DGGE bands following fungicide treatment, one of which had sequence similarities (98%) to Pantoea sp. which might be a competitor of plant pathogens. This study revealed the wheat phyllosphere bacterial community composition and a shift in the bacterial community following fungicide enostroburin application.

The Effect of Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Functional Capacity,Behavior,and Risk Factors in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in China

Aim:To investigate the effect of home-based cardiac rehabilitation on functional capacity,health behavior,and risk factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome in China.Methods:Eighty patients with acute coronary syndrome were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled study.Patients in the cardiac rehabilitation group(n=52)received home-based cardiac rehabilitation with a heart manual and a home exercise video for 3 months and patients in the control group(n=28)received only routine secondary prevention.The 6-min walk distance,laboratory test results,healthy behavior(questionnaire),quality of life(12-item Short Form Health Survey),anxiety(7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire),and depression(9-item Patient Health Questionnaire)were evaluated at the beginning and after treatment for 3 months.Results:Compared with baseline data,52 patients who participated in cardiac rehabilitation had longer 6-min walk distance(515.26±113.74 m vs 0.445.30±97.92 m,P<0.0002),higher proportions of“always exercise”(78.26% vs.28%,P<0.05),“always limit food with sugar”(65.22% vs 12%,P<0.05),“always eat fruits 200–400 g every day”(82.61% vs.4%,P<0.05).and“always eat vegetables 300–500 g every day”(21.74%vs.12%,P<0.06)after treatment for 3 months.The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control rate(52.17% vs.28%,P<0.05)and the systolic blood pressure control rate(100%vs.68%,P<0.05)were also signifi cantly increased after treatment for 3 months in the cardiac rehabilitation group.No signifi cant increase was found in the control group after treatment for 3 months.No cardiac-event related to home exercise was reported in both groups.Conclusion:Home-based cardiac rehabilitation is a feasible and available cardiac rehabilitation mode in China.

复杂二语手部动作语言理解产生动作一致性效应的ERP研究

具身认知理论认为语言理解过程中,大脑中感知-运动系统会被激活,通过具身模拟特定的动作、情境等理解语言的意义。本研究基于该理论探究了二语学习者理解动作语言材料过程中产生的动作一致性效应的大脑活动。实验句为汉语,包含两种情况:通过并列句式“一边……一边……”连接的两个不能同时完成的手部动作,即不一致的手部动作;和通过连贯句式“先……然后……”连接的可以相继完成的手部动作,即一致的手部动作。在句子的第二个动词短语处记录事件相关电位(ERPs)。脑电结果显示并列句式连接的不一致的手部动作比连贯句式连接的一致的手部动作诱发更大的晚期正波,分布在前中部脑区,该成分的诱发归因于身体性冲突。实验结果验证了二语学习者在加工整合复杂动作句过程中也会产生具身性效应,但是二语具身加工需要更多的认知资源和更长的时间。

一款用于快速检测包括SARS-CoV-2在内的19种常见呼吸道病毒的高通量、多指标等温扩增平台

快速、准确地诊断以及及时对感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)的患者进行隔离被认为是抗击新冠病毒肺炎(COVID-19)大流行的最有效的措施。本文介绍了一款高通量、多指标的等温扩增检测平台(RTisochip^TM-W),该平台使用离心式微流控芯片,在90min内即可完成一次运行,从16个样本中检测出包括SARS-CoV-2在内的19种常见呼吸道病毒。通过RTisochip^TM-W系统检测的所有病毒的检出限均等于或小于50拷贝·μL^-1,与常规逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)灵敏度相当。该系统具有重复性好、鲁棒性强和特异性高的优点。最后,使用RTisochip^TM-W系统对201例临床前样本、14例COVID-19阳性临床样本、25例临床确诊样本以及614例来自呼吸道感染或疑似感染的患者的临床样本进行了测试。测试结果与临床诊断结果吻合良好,也反映出呼吸道传染病的流行特征。在对SARS-CoV-2的诊断上,RTisochip^TM-W系统与参考试剂盒的一致性达到98.15%。基于大量的测试结果,我们相信RTisochip^TM-W系统是一款抗击COV ID-19大流行的强有力工具。

Nanoparticle-stabilized Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride(ASA)Emulsions:A Review

Alkenyl succinic anhydride(ASA) is a popular paper-sizing agent that is generally added to papermaking systems as an aqueous emulsion. Herein, we reviewed the recent work focusing on ASA emulsions stabilized by solid particles. Solid particle-stabilized ASA emulsions generally possess high ASA content and exhibit good sizing performance. The particles that have been used to stabilize ASA emulsions typically include montmorillonite, laponite, alumina, TiO_2, Fe_3O_4, polyaluminum sulfate(PAS), and cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs). Montmorillonite is the first extensively studied particle stabilizer for ASA emulsions. Laponite is undoubtedly the most competent particle stabilizer for preparing ASA emulsions with high sizing efficiency. Montmorillonite and laponite can be used individually as stabilizers after modification or as co-stabilizers with other particles or polymers. TiO_2, alumina, PAS, and CNCs are commonly used as stabilizers either individually or with other particles.

Utilization of tea grounds as feedstuff for ruminant

Researches on tea have been developed for decades,which prove that tea,especially green tea,has multiple functional components.With the rapid development of beverage industry,the resultant large amounts of tea grounds attract great attention.However,unreasonable utilization of tea grounds would lead to great waste and environmental pollution,especially in summer.In view of the high nutritive value and multiple functional components,tea grounds could be used as feedstuff.By now,researches of tea grounds as feedstuff are mainly on ruminant,as the utilization on other animals is limited to lower level due to high fiber content.Therefore,the following review will begin with a brief introduction of tea grounds and the possible utilization of tea grounds as feedstuff,and then elaborate on the application of ensiling and total mixed ration on ruminant.Apart from the fermentation quality,nutritive value is also provided to assess feasibilities of using tea grounds as feedstuff resources.Finally,a summary on the utilization situation and future direction of using tea grounds as feedstuff is provided in this review.

Density Functional Theory Calculations for the Evaluation of FePS3 as a Promising Anode for Mg Ion Batteries

FePS3,a classical 2D layered material with transition metal phosphorous trichalcogenides,was investigated as an anode material for Mg ion batteries.We used density functional theory to calculate the Mg storage properties of FePS3,such as Mg adsorption energy,theoretical specific capacity,average voltage,diffusion energy barriers,volume change,and electronic conductivity.The theoretical specific capacity of the FePS3 monolayer is 585.6 mA h/g with a relatively low average voltage of 0.483 V(vs.Mg/Mg^2+),which is favorable to a high energy density.The slight change in volume and good electronic conductivity of bulk FePS 3 are beneficial to electrode stability during cycling.

Progress of Mid Infrared Spectroscopy in Soil Environment Research

Soil is the basis of agricultural and forestry production,and it is of great significance to obtain soil information efficiently and comprehensively for soil management.Due to the complexity of soil organic components,it is difficult to obtain the information of soil organic components comprehensively by traditional chemical analysis method.As a non-destructive,real-time and high-throughput analysis method,mid infrared spectroscopy(MIR)has the ability to obtain soil organic environmental information efficiently and accurately.It can provide a large number of basic data for soil environmental monitoring,digital mapping,agricultural and forestry production,and help to realize the real-time monitoring of soil environment and the informatization of agriculture and forestry.In this paper,the detection process of MIR obtaining soil environmental spectral information and processing methods of spectral data were briefly introduced,and the research progress on extraction and influencing factors of mid infrared spectrum characteristics of soil in recent years was reviewed.Moreover,the significance and future development direction of soil science for the technology were discussed.

The Philosophical Basis of Social Turning of Embodied Cognition From the Perspective of Symbolic Interactionism

Since the 1990s,embodied cognition has become the research trend of cognitive science.Due to excessive attention to embodiment and the physical environment,embodied cognition does not pay more attention to the social characteristics of cognition,especially the role of others and symbolic activities,making cognitive science research unable to get rid of solipsism.So,it is difficult for the embodied cognition to explain the uniformity and multiplicity of cognition,and the problem of“other”mind.To solve these problems,the paper expounds the relations between symbolic interactionism and embodied cognition and the necessity of social turning in embodied cognition.Through analyzing the thoughts of George H.Mead about cognition and the influence of his symbolic interactionism on embodied cognition,as well as discussing Mark Johnson’s view on social interactional aspects of embodied cognition,we emphasize that the social and symbolic interactions are indispensable factors of embodied cognition.The paper argues that higher-order cognition comes out of symbolic interactions;cognition generates from posture dialogue interaction and manifests itself through attitude;intersubjectivity is closely associated with symbolic interactionism.Therefore,studying the relations between symbolic interactionism and embodied cognition helps overcome the solipsism or individualism of embodied cognition,and accordingly contributes to the social turning of embodied cognition.

Analysis of Soil Fertility Evolution Characteristics in Main Eucalyptus Producing Areas of Guangxi from 1993 to 2018

The research aimed to explore the impact of long-term continuous planting management mode on soil fertility evolution of eucalyptus plantation in Guangxi and evolution characteristics of each soil fertility index,and establish a reasonable management method of eucalyptus plantation in Guangxi.Main production area of eucalyptus in Guangxi was taken as the research object,and the soil fertility quality of eucalyptus plantation in Guangxi from 1993 to 2018 was evaluated by means of fuzzy mathematics by selecting soil chemical properties such as p H,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.The results showed that the soil p H value of eucalyptus plantation in Guangxi decreased from 4.83 to 4.63,a decrease of 4.14%.The contents of soil organic matter,total phosphorus,available nitrogen and available potassium all showed a significant decreasing trend.The soil fertility quality index( IFI) was between 0.475 and 0.613,and the overall fertility index was low.The soil of eucalyptus plantation in Guangxi showed a trend of acidification under continuous management during 1993-2018.In the actual production,it should pay more attention to soil improvement,advocate soil testing and reasonable fertilization,reduce the use of acid fertilizer,increase the application of organic fertilizer and slow release fertilizer,and ensure the ecological health and sustainable development of eucalyptus plantation.

Effects of Long-term Application of Bag-controlled Slow-release Fertilizer on the Form and Availability of Phosphorus in Red Soil of Southern China

The insufficient supply of phosphorus is the main problem facing agriculture and forestry production in red soil region of southern China.To investigate whether applying bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer can improve the phosphorus availability and available phosphorus component content,with Gaofeng State-owned Eucalyptus Plantations Forest Farm in Guangxi red soil region as the research object,comparative test of different fertilizer types and fertilizer amount of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer with conventional fertilization(G1),bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer with reducing fertilization(G2),traditional compound fertilizer(G3),basal fertilizer(G4),and no fertilization(G5)was designed.Soil phosphorus classification method was used to determine the content of phosphorus components in the soil,and redundancy analysis was used to study the effects of components on tree growth.The results showed that:compared with traditional fertilization,bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer significantly increased the contents of AP,Pi,Fe-P and other components in soil;the phosphorus activation coefficients of G2 and G1 were significantly higher than those of the other three treatments,and the order was G2>G1>G4>G5>G3;redundancy analysis showed that PAC and Fe-P had the most significant effect on plant growth among all phosphorus components.The application of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer in red soil of eucalyptus plantation in southern China could promote the accumulation of phosphorus and increase the phosphorus activity.The mechanism of higher phosphorus use efficiency in bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer was mainly through the sustained phosphorus input and reducing phosphorus immobilization in soil by obstructing the contact of phosphorus with acid soil,to guarantee the phosphorus supply in tree growth process.

Legume Green Manuring Improves Soil Fertility and Plant Growth of Eucalyptus Plantation in South Subtropical China

Legume green manure is extensively planted to improve soil fertility in crop field.However,the application of legume in Eucalyptus plantation is still limited and depends on site specific and species.Therefore,the objective of this study was to determine the effects of green manure interplantation on soil fertility and plant growth of Eucalyptus plantation in a short term.A field experiment of one year was established to investigate the green manure growth,forest soil nutrients and Eucalyptus plant growth inter-planted with two legume species(Tephrosia candida,TC and Sesbania cannabina,SC)at south subtropical China.Legumes were inter-planted in linear among the tree space of Eucalyptus stand.Result showed that the green manure inter-plantation increased soil organic matter by 9.66%of TC and 18.44%of SC.Soil available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were improved significantly by the legume treatments as well.The increment of height and diameter at breast height of Eucalyptus during the experiment was significant in legume treatments.Thus,the timber volume increment was improved significantly by 46.81%of TC and 35.47%of SC compared with the control treatment.Therefore,the inter-plantation of legume green manure under the Eucalyptus plantation is effective to improve soil fertility and tree growth.Such a measure is potential and referenced for the sustainable forest management.

The Os14-3-3 family genes regulate grain size in rice

Rice is one of the most important cereal crops in the world,providing food for more than half of the global population;therefore,increasing grain yield is a major goal of rice breeding.Rice grain yield is largely dependent on grain size,which is specified by its three dimensions(grain length,width,and thickness)and by the degree of grain filling(Xing and Zhang,2010;Fan and Li,2019).Grain size is an important agronomic trait for stable yield,appearance,milling quality,and domestication in rice that is controlled by multiple genes.Thus,discovering more genes regulating grain size for understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying natural variations is important in crop molecular breeding(Zuo and Li,2014).