Monitoring Greenhouses Gases over China Using Space-Based Observations Monitoring Greenhouses Gases over China Using Space-Based Observations

The atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO 2)concentration has increased to more than 405 parts per million(ppm.1 ppm=10-6 m/s 2)in 2017 due to human activities such as deforestation,land-use change and burning of fossil fuels.Although there is broad scientific consensus on the damaging consequences of the change in climate associated with increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases,fossil CO 2 emissions have continued to increase in recent years mainly from rapidly developing economies and China is now the largest emitter of CO 2 generating about 30%of all emissions globally.To allow more reliable forecast of the future state of the carbon cycle and to support the efforts for mitigation greenhouse gas emissions,a better understanding of the global and regional carbon budget is needed.Space-based measurements of CO 2 can provide the necessary observations with dense coverage and sampling to provide improved constrains on of carbon fluxes and emissions.The Chinese Global Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Scientific Experimental Satellite(TanSat)was established by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China with the main objective of monitoring atmospheric CO 2 and CO 2 fluxes at the regional and global scale.TanSat has been successfully launched in December 2016 and as part of the Dragon programme of ESA and the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST),a team of researchers from Europe(UK and Finland)and China has evaluated early TanSat data and contrast it against data from the GOSAT mission and models.In this manuscript,we report on retrieval intercomparisons of TanSat data using two different retrieval algorithms,on validation efforts for the Eastern Asia region using GOSAT CO 2 data and first assessments of TanSat and GOSAT CO 2 data against model calculations using the GEOS-Chem model.

Approaches to Nanoparticle Labeling:A Review of Fluorescent,Radiological,and Metallic Techniques

Nanomaterials are widely used in commercial products,resulting in the release of nanoscale particles into the environment.This raises concerns about their potential exposure risks in complex biological matrices.Most attempts use engineered nanomaterials(ENMs)to mimic the biological behavior of nanoparticles in the environment,and labeling of ENMs by sensors is a commonly used approach for sensitive detection and tracking of ENMs in organisms.However,due to the distinct physicochemical properties of nanoparticles,different labeling approaches have been developed,each with varying applicability.In this Review,we summarize the three main types of labeling methods used for nanoparticles:fluorescent,radiological,and metallic labeling.We discuss their labeling mechanisms,efficiency,stability,target nanoparticles,and applicability in different organism models.Finally,we propose a labeling scheme for specific nanoparticles.Overall,this Review provides a comprehensive overview of the advances in nanoparticle labeling techniques and their potential applications in environmental and health studies.

The Nord Stream pipeline gas leaks released approximately 220,000 tonnes of methane into the atmosphere

Sudden mega natural gas leaks of two Nord Stream pipelines in the Baltic Sea(Denmark)occurred from late September to early October 2022,releasing large amounts of methane into the atmosphere.We inferred the methane emissions of this event based on surface in situ observations using two inversion methods and two meteorological reanalysis datasets,supplemented with satellite-based observations.We conclude that approximately 220±30 Gg of methane was released from September 26 to October 1,2022.