Studies on Factors Affecting Survival Rate of Micro-grafting in Vitro in Persimmon

Factors affecting micro-graft in vitro were studied in persimmon lines of Jiro,Nishimarawase,Zenjiomaru,Okitsu-20,Xinqiu,Maekawa Jiro and Youhou. The results indicated that higher survival rate was obtained when using the plantlets sub-cultured for 30 d with vigorous adventitious shoots. The best moisturepreserving material was the tampon ＋ parafilm. The optimal medium was（ 1/2 N） MS ＋ BA 3. 0 mg/L ＋ IAA 0. 1 mg/L ＋ sugar 30. 0 g/L ＋ agar 6. 0 g/L,and the graft survival rate was up to 40%.

cDNA-AFLP analysis reveals altered gene expression profiles involved in juice sac granulation in pummelo(Citrus grandis)

Citrus fruits produced in China are often affected by granulation.Granulation is an altered physiological state of citrus fruits occurring usually before harvest but whose underlying mechanisms remain elusive.In this study,cDNA-AFLP technology enabled the identification of 116 granulation-associated genes in pummelo(C.grandis)juice sacs.Differentially expressed transcript-derived fragments(TDFs)were shown to be mainly involved in biological regulation and signal transduction,carbohydrate and energy metabolism,nucleic acid,protein metabolism,stress responses,and cell metabolism.Therefore,granulation in pummelo juice sacs seems to involve the following alterations:(1)changes in hormone levels;(2)activation of metabolic pathways related to ATP and sugar synthesis to produce more energy;(3)nucleic acid accumulation and increased protein degradation;(4)activation of stress-responsive metabolic pathways;(5)accelerated juice sac senescence.Our findings provide an overview of differential responses occurring at the transcriptional level in granulated juice sacs,thus revealing new insights into the adaptive mechanisms underlying this altered physiological state in‘Guanximiyou'pummelo(C.grandis)juice sacs.

Efficient charge relay steering in Pd nanoparticles coupled with the heterojunction for boosting CO_(2)photoreduction to C_(2)H_(6)

Solar-driven CO_(2)conversion to prepare value-added products is highly desirable but challenging.Central to the achievement of multi-carbon products via CO_(2)photoconversion is to break the bottlenecks of C-C coupling and multi-electron transfer.Herein,a charge relay system consisting of Pd-decorated BiOCl-wrapped CuBi_(2)O_(4)is reported by taking advantage of the synergy of Pd nanoparticles(PdNPs)and heterojunction for efficient CO_(2)-to-C_(2)H_(6)photoconversion.The C_(2)H_(6)production rate reached 167.1µmol g^(-1)h^(-1)with the electron selectivity of 81.1%in the absence of any sacrificial agents.The spectroscopic characterizations indicated that BiOCl nanosheets,acting as the charge relay,directionally transferred the photogenerated electrons from itself and CuBi2O4 nanorods to PdNPs for C-C coupling.The coordinated ensemble of PdNPs and heterojunction significantly elevated the charge separation and transfer efficiency.Moreover,the in-situ spectroscopic analysis supported by theoretical simulations demonstrated that the electron-rich PdNPs generated by the charge relay of PdNPs and heterojunction optimized the CO_(2)-to-C_(2)H_(6)reaction pathway and reduced the energy barrier of the key*CHOCO intermediates.This work develops an innovative strategy to design the multifunctional catalysts for the photoconversion of CO_(2)to value-added carbon products.

紫色土线虫对长期不同施肥措施的响应

土壤线虫在农田生态系统中数量丰富且对土壤环境变化敏感,可用于评估不同田间管理条件下的土壤健康。本文探究了紫色土区长期不同施肥措施及土壤团聚体粒径对线虫群落的分布及其生态功能多样性的影响。试验设置了5个施肥处理:不施肥(对照,CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、生物炭+化肥(BCNPK)、商品猪粪+化肥(OMNPK)和秸秆+化肥(RSDNPK)。团聚体粒径分为:原状土(BS)、大团聚体(>2 mm;LA)和小团聚体(0.25–2 mm;SA)。结果表明,与对照相比,施肥可促进线虫数量增长,其中单施化肥处理下增幅最小(66%);有机物料与化肥配施对线虫数量的提升更为显著,秸秆+化肥处理下增幅达206%。不同施肥处理间线虫类群相对丰度差异显著,大小均表现为:食细菌线虫(BA)>杂食/捕食线虫(OP)>植食线虫(PP)>食真菌线虫(FU)。小团聚体较其他土壤团聚体的杂食/捕食线虫丰度更低,食细菌线虫丰度较高。秸秆与化肥配施处理下线虫群落结构指数和富集指数显著增加,且各施肥处理下线虫功能足迹呈现明显差异。有机肥与化肥配施(尤其是秸秆+化肥)可提高土壤养分供应且有利于形成稳定健康的土壤生态系统,助推区域农业的可持续发展。

Characterization of the retinal vasculature in fundus photos using the PanOptic iExaminer system

Background:The goal was to characterize retinal vasculature by quantitative analysis of arteriole-to-venule(A/V)ratio and vessel density in fundus photos taken with the PanOptic iExaminer System.Methods:The PanOptic ophthalmoscope equipped with a smartphone was used to acquire fundus photos centered on the optic nerve head.Two fundus photos of a total of 19 eyes from 10 subjects were imaged.Retinal vessels were analyzed to obtain the A/V ratio.In addition,the vessel tree was extracted using deep learning U-NET,and vessel density was processed by the percentage of pixels within vessels over the entire image.Results:All images were successfully processed for the A/V ratio and vessel density.There was no significant difference of averaged A/V ratio between the first(0.77±0.09)and second(0.77±0.10)measurements(P=0.53).There was no significant difference of averaged vessel density(%)between the first(6.11±1.39)and second(6.12±1.40)measurements(P=0.85).Conclusions:Quantitative analysis of the retinal vasculature was feasible in fundus photos taken using the PanOptic ophthalmoscope.The device appears to provide sufficient image quality for analyzing A/V ratio and vessel density with the benefit of portability,easy data transferring,and low cost of the device,which could be used for pre-clinical screening of systemic,cerebral and ocular diseases.

Local TSH/TSHR signaling promotes CD8^(+) T cell exhaustion and immune evasion in colorectal carcinoma

Dysfunction of CD8^(+)T cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME)contributes to tumor immune escape and immunotherapy tolerance.The effects of hormones such as leptin,steroid hormones,and glucocorticoids on T cell function have been reported previously.However,the mechanism underlying thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)/thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor(TSHR)signaling in CD8^(+)T cell exhaustion and tumor immune evasion remain poorly understood.This study was aimed at investigating the effects of TSH/TSHR signaling on the function of CD8^(+)T cells and immune evasion in colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods:TSHR expression levels in CD8^(+)T cells were assessed with immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.Functional investigations involved manipulation of TSHR expression in cellular and mouse models to study its role in CD8^(+)T cells.Mechanistic insights were mainly gained through RNAsequencing,Western blotting,chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase activity assay.Immunofluorescence,flow cytometry and Western blotting were used to investigate the source of TSH and TSHR in CRC tissues.Results:TSHR was highly expressed in cancer cells and CD8^(+)T cells in CRC tissues.TSH/TSHR signaling was identified as the intrinsic pathway promoting CD8^(+)T cell exhaustion.Conditional deletion of TSHR in CD8^(+)tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)improved effector differentiation and suppressed the expression of immune checkpoint receptors such as programmed cell death 1(PD-1)and hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2(HAVCR2 or TIM3)through the protein kinase A(PKA)/cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB)signaling pathway.CRC cells secreted TSHR via exosomes to increase the TSHR level in CD8^(+)T cells,resulting in immunosuppression in the TME.Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)was the main source of TSH within the TME.Low expression of TSHR in CRC was a predictor of immunotherapy response.Conclusions:The present findings highlighted the role of endogenous TSH/TSHR signaling in CD8^(+)T cell exhaustion and immune evasion in CRC.TSHR may be suitable as a predictive and therapeutic biomarker in CRC immunotherapy.