Designing Zinc Deposition Substrate with Fully Preferred Orientation to Elude the Interfacial Inhomogeneous Dendrite Growth

The development of zinc-ion batteries with high energy density remains a great challenge due to the uncontrollable dendrite growth on their zinc metal anodes.Film anodes plated on the substrate have attracted increasing attention to alleviate these dendrite issues.Herein,we first point out that both the random crystal orientation and the low metal affinity of the substrate are important factors of zinc dendrite formation.Accordingly,the(1 O 1)fully preferred tin interface layer with high zinc affinity was fabricated by chemical tin plating on(1 O o)oriented copper.This tin decorated copper substrate can realize high reversible zinc plating/stripping behavior,and full cell using this zinc plated substrate can be operated for more than 1000 cycles with high capacity retention(85.3%)and low electrochemical impedance.The proposed strategy can be also applied to lithium metal batteries,which demonstrates that the substrate orientation regulation and metal affinity design are the promising approaches to achieve dendrite-free metal anode and overcome the challenges of highly reactive metal anodes.

基于组学的污染物高通量毒理学筛查与风险评估

从大量的环境污染物中筛查出具有高毒性、高风险的化学污染物是环境风险防控的前提和基础.有毒化学污染物经环境暴露进入生命体系后,可通过不同的分子靶标和生物学通路诱导有害健康结局.现有的高通量毒性筛查方法主要依赖少数且孤立的分子靶点,难以捕获致毒的关键生物学过程,无法确定化学污染物与疾病之间的直接关系.毒理基因组学利用组学技术所具有的全基因组覆盖、通量高、支持大数据分析等优势,实现了化学污染物高通量筛查和风险评估方法的革新.本文通过具体研究案例分析,从4个方面综述了毒理基因组学在化学污染物高通量毒理学筛查与风险评估方法学研究上的技术优势和最新进展.在分子事件上,毒理组学测试覆盖的分子靶点数目多,且靶点之间的关系可由通路连接.在生物学通路方面,单一组学、多组学联合以及有害结局路径从多生物学水平上为化学污染物筛查与健康风险评估提供机制信息.在人群疾病方面,功能基因组学为探究有毒化学污染物暴露下个体疾病风险和易感性的机制提供了新的手段.最后,针对复合污染,将组学技术与化学分析结合有助于精准地识别环境介质中构成生态与健康风险的关键化学物质.综上,未来基于组学的污染物高通量毒理学筛查技术的发展可有力支持传统和新污染物的精准环境风险评估.

Intrinsically zincophobic protective layer for dendrite-free zinc metal anode

Aqueous zinc anodes have attracted the attention of many researchers owing to their high safety,low cost,and high theoretical specific capacity.However,its practical application is severely limited by the dendrite growth on zinc anode.Herein,we develop an intrinsically zincophobic barium-titanate protective layer with a porous structure to suppress the zinc dendrite formation by homogenizing the ion distribution on the anode surface,increasing the nucleation sites,and limiting the irregular zinc growth.Based on these synergistic effects,the coated zinc anode can exhibit long cycle life(840 h at 0.5 mA/cm^(2) for 0.5 mAh/cm^(2))and low voltage hysteresis(36 mV).This work can provide a feasible direction for the design of intrinsically zincophobic coating materials to uniformize the zinc stripping and plating.

Issues and rational design of aqueous electrolyte for Zn-ion batteries

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)are regarded as a promising alternative to the widely used lithium-ion batteries in large-scale energy storage systems.The researches on the development of novel aqueous electrolyte to improve battery performance have also attracted great interest since the electrolyte is a key com-ponent for Zn2+migration between cathode and anode.Herein,we briefly sum-marized and illuminated the recent development tendency of aqueous electrolyte for AZIBs,then deeply analyzed its existing issues(water decomposition,cathode dissolution,corrosion and passivation,and dendrite growth)and discussed the corresponding optimization strategies(pH regulation,concentrated salt solution,electrolyte composition design,and functional additives).The internal mecha-nisms of these strategies were further revealed and the relationships between issues and solutions were clarified,which could guide the future development of aqueous electrolytes for AZIBs.

Systematic investigation of bioorthogonal cellular DNA metabolic labeling in a photo-controlled manner

Bioorthogonal cleavage and ligation reactions together form one more integrated system about the repertoire of bioorthogonal chemistry,capacitating an array of thrilling new biological applications.The bond-cleavage type and position of biomolecular remain a great challenge,which determines the metabolic pathway of the targets in living systems.Herein we designed two linkages of methylene and carbonyl group attached the N-3 position of the 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine(EdU)base or the oxygen atom at deoxyribose 3’position to a photocaging group,which would be cleaved by irradiation with 365 nm ultraviolet light.EdU derivatives linked by methylene at the N-3 position had better photodecage efficiency and stability in the absence of light.This paper provides a strategy for studying the nucleoside metabolic pathways in cells,which can easily and conveniently evaluate the effect of the position and type of the linkages.The developed strategy affords a reference for controlling spatial and temporal metabolism of small-molecule drugs,allowing direct manipulation of intact cells under physiological conditions.

Mapping urban public spaces based on the Nolli map method

In 1748,Giambattista Nolli published a large map of Rome,which accurately depicted the form and system of public space in the city.This graphic presentation has become a powerful tool for urban space research.However,given the increasingly abundant types of contemporary urban spaces and diverse functions of public buildings,the application of the drawing principle of the Nolli map to contemporary cities remains uncertain.Taking the Laochengnan area in Nanjing as an example,this study investigates the mapping of urban public spaces based on the Nolli map method.On the basis of a field survey,the public and private spaces in the blocks are identified.By comparing the graphic information of the Nolli map and that of the Nolli-type map in terms of public,private,and green spaces,this work also reveals the similarities and differences between traditional and modern urban spaces.Urban spatial mapping methods,including the figure-ground map,street map,and Nolli-type map,are explored and compared using complementary mapping techniques.The practicality and effectiveness of each technique are also discussed.Results show that the Nolli map method is effective in mapping contemporary urban public spaces and provides an effective tool for urban designers and architects to depict and analyze urban public spaces.