[Objectives] To identify ITS2 barcode of Lablab Semen Album and its adulterants,and provide a new method for the identification of Lablab Semen Album. [Methods] The ITS2 sequence was amplified by PCR and sequenced bi-...[Objectives] To identify ITS2 barcode of Lablab Semen Album and its adulterants,and provide a new method for the identification of Lablab Semen Album. [Methods] The ITS2 sequence was amplified by PCR and sequenced bi-directionally. After splicing by Codon Code Aligner,the data were processed with the aid MEGA software to construct the cluster dendrogram( neighbor-joining,NJ tree). [Results]The ITS2 sequence of Lablab Semen Album had length of 218 bp; the constructed cluster dendrogram indicated that all species were monophyletic and could be distinguished from other species. [Conclusions] The ITS2 barcode can be used for rapid identification of Lablab Semen Album and its adulterants and this experiment further verified that DNA barcode technology is effective in identification of traditional Chinese medicines.展开更多
Halide perovskites show excellent optoelectronic properties for solar cell application.Notably,perovskite crystalline structures have been widely re-ported to deliver superior ferroelectric properties.As a result,the ...Halide perovskites show excellent optoelectronic properties for solar cell application.Notably,perovskite crystalline structures have been widely re-ported to deliver superior ferroelectric properties.As a result,the integration of the ferroelectric process with the photon‐to‐electron energy conversion process becomes feasible to generate interesting photo‐physical properties and further boost the device performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),which have started to attract more and more attention in recent years.Here,we have reviewed the recent progress in PSCs with ferroelectricity(FE‐PSCs),by classifying them into three regimes according to the degree of phase segre-gation,for example,the layer‐structured ferroelectric/halide perovskite com-posite,micro phase‐separated ferroelectric/halide perovskite composite,and the intrinsic ferroelectric halide perovskite composite.The different composite structures enable a large range of interesting optoelectronic properties and the specific structure significantly enhances the device performance of PSCs.The most prominent contribution of ferroelectricity is that it can provide an extra electrical field to drive charge generation,transport,and collection.Further,key challenges and opportunities of the integration of ferroelectricity with photo-voltaics are discussed.We hope our work can draw intensive attention in this field to accelerate the establishment of the basic theories in ferroelectricity and the commercialization of PSCs.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?China has historically had high measles incidence and many associated deaths.A comprehensive measles elimination plan during 2006-2012 substantially reduced measles incidence;how...What is already known about this topic?China has historically had high measles incidence and many associated deaths.A comprehensive measles elimination plan during 2006-2012 substantially reduced measles incidence;however,a resurgence occurred during 2013-2015.What is added by this report?In China,measles surveillance,outbreak response,research,and program evaluation were used to strengthen routine immunization and target immunization activities for eliminating measles.Measles incidence declined from 31 per million in 2015 to 2.8 in 2018;only one measles-associated death has been reported during 2018-June 2019.What are the implications for public health practice?The World Health Organization-recommended strategy to eliminate measles can be effective,including in large,densely populated countries like China.展开更多
Introduction:Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious,seasonal viral disease caused by any of three poliovirus(PV)serotypes(types 1,2,or 3).Oral poliovirus vaccine(OPV)on rare occasions causes vaccineassociated paralytic ...Introduction:Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious,seasonal viral disease caused by any of three poliovirus(PV)serotypes(types 1,2,or 3).Oral poliovirus vaccine(OPV)on rare occasions causes vaccineassociated paralytic poliomyelitis(VAPP)in recipients of OPV and close contacts of recently vaccinated individuals.This study describes the epidemiology of VAPP when an all OPV schedule was used in the Expanded Program on Immunization(EPI).Methods:VAPP cases were identified using standardized diagnostic criteria from data reported by 8 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)to the National Acute Flaccid Paralysis(AFP)Surveillance System in an 18-month period between October 2012 and March 2014.Results:During this period,28 VAPP cases were reported.Using the number of births as a denominator,the estimated incidence of VAPP was 2.47 cases per million births.Using the number of OPV doses administered through routine immunization,the VAPP incidence was 0.55 cases per million doses.Among vaccine-recipient VAPP cases,22(85%)were associated with the first dose of OPV;3 were associated with the second OPV dose.The relative risk of VAPP following the first dose compared with the second dose was 7.07.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:The per-dose and per-child incidences of VAPP were consistent with incidence estimates by the World Health Organization(WHO).The vast majority(85%)of VAPP in China was associated with the first dose of OPV in an all-OPV schedule.Because inactivated polio vaccine(IPV)is known to prevent VAPP from subsequent doses of OPV in immunocompetent children,this association provided strong evidence for using an IPV-first,sequential IPVOPV polio vaccination schedule in China during the globally-synchronized cessation of type 2 OPV and introduction of IPV in 2016.展开更多
Background:China has been polio-free since 2000 and maintains an acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)surveillance system.Residual paralysis(RP)in children with acute flaccid paralysis can be caused by Sabinstrain poliovirus(P...Background:China has been polio-free since 2000 and maintains an acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)surveillance system.Residual paralysis(RP)in children with acute flaccid paralysis can be caused by Sabinstrain poliovirus(PV)and non-polio enteroviruses(NPEV).Methods:The national AFP surveillance data was analyzed to describe AFP cases with RP in the mainland of China during 2001 to 2010.Epidemiological patterns and virus detection of AFP cases with RP were described.Results:Annual incidence of AFP with RP among children aged<15 years old ranged between 0.22-0.35 cases per 100,000.The peak age for AFP with RP and PV was 2 to 4 months.Among cases with viral Sabinstrain viral isolates,types Ⅱ and Ⅲ were the most common.A summer season peak in RP cases was similar to cases with NPEV isolated.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:The first ten years after polio eradication of AFP surveillance data for the occurrence of RP can serve as a baseline rate for poliovirus vaccine changes in the routine immunization system to help detect vaccine safety signals in a timely manner and to support the routine polio immunization program switch in China.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Program for Sci-tech Plan of Hunan Province Science and Technology Department(2014SK2001)Sci-tech Project for Food and Drug Safety of Hunan Food and Drug Administration(Xiang Shi Yao Ke R201612)
文摘[Objectives] To identify ITS2 barcode of Lablab Semen Album and its adulterants,and provide a new method for the identification of Lablab Semen Album. [Methods] The ITS2 sequence was amplified by PCR and sequenced bi-directionally. After splicing by Codon Code Aligner,the data were processed with the aid MEGA software to construct the cluster dendrogram( neighbor-joining,NJ tree). [Results]The ITS2 sequence of Lablab Semen Album had length of 218 bp; the constructed cluster dendrogram indicated that all species were monophyletic and could be distinguished from other species. [Conclusions] The ITS2 barcode can be used for rapid identification of Lablab Semen Album and its adulterants and this experiment further verified that DNA barcode technology is effective in identification of traditional Chinese medicines.
基金Innovation and Global EngagementFaculty of Mathematical&Physical Science+11 种基金Research start‐up fund from Zhejiang UniversityChinese Scholarship CouncilUniversity of Sydney‐University College London Partnership Collaboration AwardsNational Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2022YFB4200600Accelerating CCS Technologies,Horizon2020 Project,Grant/Award Number:691712China Postdoctoral Science Foundation’,Grant/Award Number:2023M743082University College London's ResearchNational Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52127806,52173185NEXTCCUS,Grant/Award Number:327327Department for Energy Security and Net ZeroCornell‐UCL Global Strategic Collaboration AwardsCambridge Materials Limited。
文摘Halide perovskites show excellent optoelectronic properties for solar cell application.Notably,perovskite crystalline structures have been widely re-ported to deliver superior ferroelectric properties.As a result,the integration of the ferroelectric process with the photon‐to‐electron energy conversion process becomes feasible to generate interesting photo‐physical properties and further boost the device performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),which have started to attract more and more attention in recent years.Here,we have reviewed the recent progress in PSCs with ferroelectricity(FE‐PSCs),by classifying them into three regimes according to the degree of phase segre-gation,for example,the layer‐structured ferroelectric/halide perovskite com-posite,micro phase‐separated ferroelectric/halide perovskite composite,and the intrinsic ferroelectric halide perovskite composite.The different composite structures enable a large range of interesting optoelectronic properties and the specific structure significantly enhances the device performance of PSCs.The most prominent contribution of ferroelectricity is that it can provide an extra electrical field to drive charge generation,transport,and collection.Further,key challenges and opportunities of the integration of ferroelectricity with photo-voltaics are discussed.We hope our work can draw intensive attention in this field to accelerate the establishment of the basic theories in ferroelectricity and the commercialization of PSCs.
文摘What is already known about this topic?China has historically had high measles incidence and many associated deaths.A comprehensive measles elimination plan during 2006-2012 substantially reduced measles incidence;however,a resurgence occurred during 2013-2015.What is added by this report?In China,measles surveillance,outbreak response,research,and program evaluation were used to strengthen routine immunization and target immunization activities for eliminating measles.Measles incidence declined from 31 per million in 2015 to 2.8 in 2018;only one measles-associated death has been reported during 2018-June 2019.What are the implications for public health practice?The World Health Organization-recommended strategy to eliminate measles can be effective,including in large,densely populated countries like China.
文摘Introduction:Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious,seasonal viral disease caused by any of three poliovirus(PV)serotypes(types 1,2,or 3).Oral poliovirus vaccine(OPV)on rare occasions causes vaccineassociated paralytic poliomyelitis(VAPP)in recipients of OPV and close contacts of recently vaccinated individuals.This study describes the epidemiology of VAPP when an all OPV schedule was used in the Expanded Program on Immunization(EPI).Methods:VAPP cases were identified using standardized diagnostic criteria from data reported by 8 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)to the National Acute Flaccid Paralysis(AFP)Surveillance System in an 18-month period between October 2012 and March 2014.Results:During this period,28 VAPP cases were reported.Using the number of births as a denominator,the estimated incidence of VAPP was 2.47 cases per million births.Using the number of OPV doses administered through routine immunization,the VAPP incidence was 0.55 cases per million doses.Among vaccine-recipient VAPP cases,22(85%)were associated with the first dose of OPV;3 were associated with the second OPV dose.The relative risk of VAPP following the first dose compared with the second dose was 7.07.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:The per-dose and per-child incidences of VAPP were consistent with incidence estimates by the World Health Organization(WHO).The vast majority(85%)of VAPP in China was associated with the first dose of OPV in an all-OPV schedule.Because inactivated polio vaccine(IPV)is known to prevent VAPP from subsequent doses of OPV in immunocompetent children,this association provided strong evidence for using an IPV-first,sequential IPVOPV polio vaccination schedule in China during the globally-synchronized cessation of type 2 OPV and introduction of IPV in 2016.
文摘Background:China has been polio-free since 2000 and maintains an acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)surveillance system.Residual paralysis(RP)in children with acute flaccid paralysis can be caused by Sabinstrain poliovirus(PV)and non-polio enteroviruses(NPEV).Methods:The national AFP surveillance data was analyzed to describe AFP cases with RP in the mainland of China during 2001 to 2010.Epidemiological patterns and virus detection of AFP cases with RP were described.Results:Annual incidence of AFP with RP among children aged<15 years old ranged between 0.22-0.35 cases per 100,000.The peak age for AFP with RP and PV was 2 to 4 months.Among cases with viral Sabinstrain viral isolates,types Ⅱ and Ⅲ were the most common.A summer season peak in RP cases was similar to cases with NPEV isolated.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:The first ten years after polio eradication of AFP surveillance data for the occurrence of RP can serve as a baseline rate for poliovirus vaccine changes in the routine immunization system to help detect vaccine safety signals in a timely manner and to support the routine polio immunization program switch in China.