Smart Cellulose‑Based Janus Fabrics with Switchable Liquid Transportation for Personal Moisture and Thermal Management

The Janus fabrics designed for personal moisture/thermal regulation have garnered significant attention for their potential to enhance human comfort.However,the development of smart and dynamic fabrics capable of managing personal moisture/thermal comfort in response to changing external environments remains a challenge.Herein,a smart cellulose-based Janus fabric was designed to dynamically manage personal moisture/heat.The cotton fabric was grafted with N-isopropylacrylamide to construct a temperature-stimulated transport channel.Subsequently,hydrophobic ethyl cellulose and hydrophilic cellulose nanofiber were sprayed on the bottom and top sides of the fabric to obtain wettability gradient.The fabric exhibits anti-gravity directional liquid transportation from hydrophobic side to hydrophilic side,and can dynamically and continuously control the transportation time in a wide range of 3–66 s as the temperature increases from 10 to 40℃.This smart fabric can quickly dissipate heat at high temperatures,while at low temperatures,it can slow down the heat dissipation rate and prevent the human from becoming too cold.In addition,the fabric has UV shielding and photodynamic antibacterial properties through depositing graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets on the hydrophilic side.This smart fabric offers an innovative approach to maximizing personal comfort in environments with significant temperature variations.

Functionalized lignin nanoparticles prepared by high shear homogenization for all green and barrier-enhanced paper packaging

Paper-based materials made from cellulose have been sought after as a sustainable and inexpensive packaging option.However,the porous structure and high hydrophilicity of paper-based materials result in inadequate water and oil repellency,as well as a limited water vapor barrier.In this work,lignin nanoparticles(LNPs)were prepared using a high-speed homogenizer,and subsequently coated on base paper along with cationic starch to enhance its multi-barrier performance to facilitate the packaging application.The LNPs obtained through such a facile process formed stable colloidal dispersion in water,which exhibited excellent interfacial compatibility with cationic starch.During the coating process,a highly adhesive emulsion consisting of cationic starch and LNPs were coated on the surface of base paper,imparting good hydrophobic properties to the paper.The resulting paper material exhibited good water resistance(Cobb value of 37.5 g m^(-2)),high oil resistance(Kit rating 9)and tensile strength(48.93 MPa).The reduction in water vapor transmission rate(WVTR)exceeds sixfold.This study provides a new avenue for the application of lignin in high-barrier,fluorine-free,water-and oil-resistant packaging materials.

非木材纤维纸浆中阳离子微粒的助留作用

尽管在阴离子微粒留着体系领域的研究已经很多,但是有关阳离子聚合物微粒 (CPM)体系的研究却很少见诸报道。当前的工作是利用无乳化剂聚合作用由苯乙烯和阳离子单体或阳离子单体 /丙烯酰胺共聚物来制备具有结构明确的阳离子聚合物微粒。用 Z-电位仪 3000和 Mutek PCD03测定 CPM的粒径和电荷密度。 用光度分散仪 (photometric dispersion analyser)(PDA2000)进行的动态絮凝实验表明, CPM对细粘土或沉淀碳酸钙 (PCC)的助留作用是其粒径和电荷密度的函数;与阴离子聚丙烯酰胺配合使用絮凝作用明显增强。发现 CPM与具有低电荷密度和高分子量的阴离子聚合物具有最佳协同作用;这也显著降低了达到有效助留作用所需的聚合物絮凝剂的用量。阴离子聚合物: CPM在低比例值 1∶ 12时絮凝作用最佳,阴离子聚合物用量约为 0. 04% (以填料重量计 )。 研究扩展到大麻纤维 (Cannabis sativa)和亚麻纤维 (Linum usitatissimum)的非木材纤维中 PCC的留着作用。与工业用阴离子型硅溶胶 (二氧化硅 )相比, CPM能达到同等水平的留着率,但同时保持了结合强度,这一功能说明 CPM可用作非木材纤维的粘合剂。

Functionalization of cellulose carbon dots with different elements(N,B and S)for mercury ion detection and anti-counterfeit applications

Mercury ion(Hg^(2+)),as one of the most toxic heavy metal ions,accumulates easily in the environment,which can generate potential hazards to the ecosystem and human health.To effectively detect and remove Hg^(2+),we fabricated four types of carbon dots(CDs)using carboxymethyl nanocellulose as a carbon source doped with different elements using a hydrothermal method.All the CDs exhibited a strong fluorescence emission,excitation-dependent emission and possessed good water dispersibility.Moreover,the four fluorescent CDs were used for Hg^(2+)recognition in aqueous solution,where the CDs-N exhibited better sensitivity and selectivity for Hg^(2+)detection,with a low limit of detection of 8.29×10^(-6)mol/L.It was determined that the fluorescence quenching could be ascribed to a photoinduced charge-transfer processes between Hg^(2+)and the CDs.In addition,the CDs-N were used as a smart invisible ink for anticounterfeiting,information encryption and decryption.Furthermore,the CDs-N were immersed into a cellulose(CMC)-based hydrogel network to prepare fluorescent hydrogels capable of simultaneously detecting and adsorbing Hg^(2+).We anticipate that this research will open possibilities for a green method to synthesize fluorescent CDs for metal ion detection and fluorescent ink production.

Bioinspired multifunctional cellulose film:In situ bacterial capturing and killing for managing infected wounds

Bacterial infection of cutaneous wounds can easily lead to occurrence of chronic wounds and even more serious diseases.Therefore,multifunctional,biodegradable,and reusable wound dressings that can quickly manage wound infection and promote wound healing are urgently desired.Herein,inspired by the“capturing and killing”action of Drosera peltata Thunb.,a biomimetic cellulose film was constructed to capture the bacteria(via the rough structure of the film)and kill them(via the combination of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy)to promote wound tissue remodeling.The film(termed OBC-PR)was simply prepared by chemically crosslinking the oxidized bacterial cellulose(OBC)with polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride(PHGH)and rose bengal(RB).Notably,it could effectively capture Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial cells with capture efficiencies of~99%and~96%,respectively,within 10 min.Furthermore,the in vivo experiments showed that OBC-PR could effectively promote the macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and adequately induce the reconstruction of blood vessels and nerves,thus promoting wound healing.This study provides a potential direction for designing multifunctional wound dressings for managing infected skin wounds in the future.

Cellulose sub-nanometric ribbons:A new generation of nanocellulose and platform for biomaterials

With the tremendous progress of research in nanoscience,much attention has been paid to the bottom of the“nano world”:scales around one nanometer or even smaller.In order to describe materials at this scale,a new concept called“sub-nanometric material(SNM)”has emerged(Ni and Wang,2016;Ni et al.,2018).

Superhydrophobic modification of cellulose and cotton textiles:Methodologies and applications

Superhydrophobic cellulose-based products have immense potential in many industries where plastics and other polymers with hydrophobic properties are used.Superhydrophobic cellulose-based plastic is inherently biodegradable,renewable and non-toxic.Finding a suitable replace-ment of plastics is highly desired since plastics has become an environmental concern.Despite its inherent hydrophilicity,cellulose has unparalleled advantages as a substrate for the produc-tion of superhydrophobic materials which has been widely used in self-cleaning,self-healing,oil and water separation,electromagnetic interference shielding,etc.This review includes a compre-hensive survey of the progress achieved so far in the production of super-hydrophobic materials based on cellulose and fiber networks.The methodologies and applications of superhydrophobic-modified cellulose and fiber networks are emphasized.Overall,presented herein is targeting on summarizing some of the aspects that are critical to advance this evolving field of science which may provide new ideas for the developing and exploring of superhydrophobic and green-based materials.

Environment-tolerant ionic hydrogel-elastomer hybrids with robust interfaces,high transparence,and biocompatibility for a mechanical-thermal multimode sensor

The human skin,an important sensory organ,responds sensitively to external stimuli under various harsh conditions.However,the simultaneous achievement of mechanical/thermal sensitivity and extreme environmental tolerance remains an enormous challenge for skin-like hydrogel-based sensors.In this study,a novel skin-inspired hydrogel–elastomer hybrid with a sandwich structure and strong interfacial bonding for mechanical–thermal multimode sensing applications is developed.An inner-layered ionic hydrogel with a semiinterpenetrating network is prepared using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)as a nanofiller,lithium chloride(LiCl)as an ionic transport conductor,and polyacrylamide(PAM)as a polymer matrix.The outer-layered polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)elastomers fully encapsulating the hydrogel endow the hybrids with improved mechanical properties,intrinsic waterproofness,and long-term water retention(>98%).The silane modification of the hydrogels and elastomers imparts the hybrids with enhanced interfacial bonding strength and integrity.The hybrids exhibit a high transmittance(~91.2%),fatigue resistance,and biocompatibility.The multifunctional sensors assembled from the hybrids realize real-time temperature(temperature coefficient of resistance,approximately1.1%℃^(-1))responsiveness,wide-range strain sensing capability(gauge factor,~3.8)over a wide temperature range(from-20℃ to 60℃),and underwater information transmission.Notably,the dualparameter sensor can recognize the superimposed signals of temperature and strain.The designed prototype sensor arrays can detect the magnitude and spatial distribution of forces and temperatures.The comprehensive performance of the sensor prepared via a facile method is superior to that of most similar sensors previously reported.Finally,this study develops a new material platform for monitoring human health in extreme environments.

An overview of bio-based polymers for packaging materials

Synthetic polymers are the most widely used materials for packaging because of their ease of processing,low cost,and low density.However,many of these materials are not easily recyclable and are difficult to degrade completely in nature,creating environmental problems.Thus,there is a tendency to substitute such polymers with natural polymers and copolymers that are easily bio-degraded and less likely to cause environmental pollution.There has been a greater interest in poly-lactic acid(PLA),poly-hydroxyalkanoates(PHAs),cellulose and starch based polymers and copolymers as the emerging biodegradable material candidates for the future.This paper reviews the present state-of-the-art biodegradable polymers made from renewable resources and discusses the main features of their properties and design.

Feasibility and Potential of Graphene and Its Hybrids with Cellulose as Drug Carriers: A Commentary

It has been extensively accepted that carbon-based materials including graphene,carbon nanotubes and fullerene are playing important roles in advanced science and technology as well as practical application.These advanced carbon-based materials have been and will continue to be incorporated in various applications such as sensing,high-performance composites,molecular electronics,field emission devices,biomedical application,environmental protection.

Progress in the Preparation and Application of Modified B

Modified biochar(BC)is reviewed in its preparation,functionality,application in wastewater treatment and regeneration.The nature of precursor materials,preparatory conditions and modification methods are key factors influencing BC properties.Steam activation is unsuitable for improving BC surface functionality compared with chemical modifications.Alkali-treated BC possesses the highest surface functionality.Both alkali modified BC and nanomaterial impregnated BC composites are highly favorable for enhancing the adsorption of different contaminants from wastewater.Acidic treatment provides more oxygenated functional groups on BC surfaces.Future research should focus on industry-scale applications and competitive sorption for contaminant removal due to scarcity of data.

Easily-manufactured paper-based materials with high porosity for adsorption/separation applications in complex wastewater

A multi-functional porous paper-based material was prepared from grass pulp by simple pore-forming and green cross-linking method.As a pore-forming agent,calcium citrate increased the porosity of the paper-based material from 30%to 69%while retaining the mechanical strength.The covalent cross-linking of citric acid between cellulose fibers improved both the wet strength and adsorption capacity.In addition,owing to the introduction of high-content carboxyl groups as well as the construction of hierarchical micro-nano structure,the underwater oil contact angle was up to 165°.The separation efficiency of the emulsified oil was 99.3%,and the water flux was up to 2020 L·m^(–2)·h^(–1).The theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of cadmium ion,lead ion and methylene blue reached 136,229 and 128.9 mg·g^(–1),respectively.The continuous purification of complex wastewater can be achieved by using paper-based materials combined with filtration technology.This work provides a simple,low cost and environmental approach for the treatment of complex wastewater containing insoluble oil,organic dyes,and heavy metal ions.

Preparation and chemical characterization of banana/orange composite wine

Banana/orange composite wine was brewed in the lab by liquid fermentation using angel yeast and lactic acid bacteria as the fermentation strains,and characterized by chemical analyses.It was found that the best ratio of banana juice to navel orange juice was 1:2,and the optimum alcohol fermentation parameters were as follows:28~30℃,22%initial sugar content,6%yeast,and 6 days of fermentation to reach an alcohol concentration of 11.63%v/v.The free amino acids in the composite wines were tested by automatic amino acid analyzer,and the flavor components of the composite wine were determined and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Seven types of trace elements in the composite wine were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry.Results showed that there were 17 free amino acids,and their total concentration was up to 897.6 mg/L.A total of 16 key compounds were identified in the composite wine,11 of which were ester,4 of which were alcohols and 1 of which was acid.Magnesium,iron,copper and manganese elements were relatively rich in the wine,while lead was extremely low.

A facile approach towards self-reinforced antibacterial paper(SRAP)

A facile process to prepare self-reinforced antibacterial paper(SRAP)was developed by in situ synthesis of zinc oxide(ZnO)in partially dissolved cellulose.The SRAP was fabricated by impregnating filter paper in zinc chloride(ZnCl_(2))solution and then reacting with sodium hydroxide(NaOH).Filter paper was firstly impregnated with ZnCl_(2) solution of 65 wt%concentration for 5 seconds at 80℃,and then pressed at 3.85 kPa for 5 seconds to remove excess liquid.Subsequently,the paper was soaked in a 0.8 wt%NaOH solution for 1 hour,and then washed with deionized water,and dried finally to yield SRAP.Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and scanning electron microscope(SEM)were used to characterize the SRAP.The results revealed that the SRAP contained intact cellulose fibers as the skeleton,gelled cellulose as the matrix,and clusters of nano ZnO particles as the filler.The SRAP had a much higher density,tensile and burst strength,compared with the untreated cellulose paper,and the folding strength was enhanced by more than fifteen times.In addition,the SRAP had outstanding antibacterial properties due to the presence of nano ZnO particles.

First International Symposium on Nanocellulosic Materials,Hangzhou,China:Spurring Research and Innovation in Nanocellulosic Materials by Bringing Creative Minds Together

From May 20 to May 21,2017,the 1st International Symposium on Nanocellulosic Materials,hosted by China Technical Association of Paper Industry(CTAPI)and its affiliated Nanocellulose and Materials Committee,was held in Hangzhou,China.This timely symposium attracted about 270 attendees from 8 countries,bringing creative minds together for facilitating more breakthroughs in research,innovation,and commercialization.

About the Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts (JBB)

The Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts(JBB)is devoted to publish high-quality peer-reviewed technical research articles on the science and technology related to bio-resources and bio-products.As the petroleum-based economy will be phasing out in a foreseeable period of time,the industrial and scientific societies are paying much attention to the renewable and sustainable resources:bioresources.