OvaRePred:Online tool for predicting the age of fertility milestones

Ovarian reserve is the quantity of primordial follicles present in the ovarian cortex that have the potential to mature into healthy oocytes.A high ovarian reserve typically results in a high chance of a successful pregnancy for couples.Fertility declines as women age because of changes in the ovarian reserve,and this decline is called ovarian aging.Diminished ovarian reserve(DOR)can impact fertility regardless of chronological age and can lead to embryonic aneuploidy,fertilization failure,and high pregnancy loss rates.Therefore,it is important to consider ovarian reserve when evaluating the potential effect of aging on fertility,rather than relying solely on chronological age.Many women are unaware of the heterogeneity in ovarian reserve and ovarian aging.Whereas irregular cycles and menopause are easily identifiable,these signs often indicate extremely low fertility,leaving limited available interventions.

POvaStim:An online tool for directing individualized FSH doses in ovarian stimulation

Individualized controlled ovarian stimulation(COS)is a milestone for treatment of infertility.^(1)The two acknowledged time points for individualized ovarian stim-ulation are,one,the beginning of each new treatment cycle when the starting dose is selected and,two,during a given COS cycle when dose adjustment is performed.A few algorithms for directing the follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)dose have been developed.The number of oocytes retrieved(NOR)during ovarian stimulation was used as the outcome variable,and then the outcome variable and independent variables are stratified and a dose suggested by considering their experience.

PCOSt:A non-invasive and cost-effective screening tool for polycystic ovary syndrome

Dear Editor,Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)affects more than 1 in 10 women worldwide.^(1)Despite its high prevalence,PCOS and its accompanying morbidities are likely underdiagnosed.^(2)To induce a PCOS-like phenotype in animals,testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are usually used,indicating that androgen excess is a major contributor to PCOS.^(3)Anti-M€ullerian hormone(AMH)is an upstream regulator of androgen and is well correlated with the androgens.

Clinical Applications of Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone€Measurements in Both Males and Females:An Update

Infertility is one of the most common non-communicable diseases,affecting both men and women equally.Ovarian reserve,the number of primordial follicles in the ovaries is believed to be the most important determinants for female fertility.Anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH)secreted from granulosa cells of growing follicles is recognized as the most important biomarker for ovarian reserve.Ovarian reserve models have been developed using AMH and other hormonal indicators,thus childbearing plans and reproductive choices could be arranged by women.In assisted reproductive technology cycles,measurement of AMH helps to predict ovarian response and guide recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone dosing in women.Serum AMH level is increasingly being recognized as a potential surrogate marker for polycystic ovarian morphology,one of the criteria for diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome.AMH is also secreted by Sertoli cells of testes in men,and AMH measurements in the prediction of surgical sperm recovery rate in men have also been investigated.AMH levels are significantly higher in boys than in girls before puberty.Therefore,serum levels of AMH in combination with testosterone is used for the differential diagnosis of disorders of sex development,anorchia,non-obstructive azoospermia,and persistent Mullerian duct syndrome.Recently,serum AMH measurements have also been used in fertility preservation programs in oncofertility,screening for granulosa cell tumors,and prediction of menopause applications.In this review,we will focus on clinical application of AMH in fertility assessments for healthy men and women,as well as for cancer patients.