Effects of Alexithymia to Stigma of Patients with Lymphedema

BACKGROUND: Secondary lymphedema is one of the common complications after malignant tumor surgery. It is a chronic and complex disease. Once lymphedema occurs, there will be discomfort such as limb swelling, pain, numbness and tension, which will eventually lead to changes in the appearance of the affected limb and will seriously affect the quality of life and require lifelong treatment and psychosocial support. This study investigated the current situation of stigma and alexithymia in patients with lymphedema, and discussed the impact of alexithymia on stigma in patients with lymphedema. AIMS: To understand the current situation of stigma and alexithymia in patients with lymphedema, and to analyze the influence of alexithymia on stigma. METHODS: 195 patients with lymphedema in a hospital were selected by convenient sampling. General information questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale and social impact scale were used to investigate respectively, to study the general situation, stigma and alexithymia of the respondents. RESULTS: The results showed that the total score of stigma in 195 patients with lymphedema was (60.36 ± 11.08), and the total score of alexithymia was (56.53 ± 8.43). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that alexithymia and family relationship were the influencing factors of stigma in patients with lymphedema. CONCLUSIONS: The patients with lymphedema have obvious stigma, and alexithymia and family relationship are the influencing factors.

Improved Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm for the Un-Capacitated Facility Location Problem

The differential evolution algorithm is an evolutionary algorithm for global optimization and the un-capacitated facility location problem (UFL) is one of the classic NP-Hard problems. In this paper, combined with the specific characteristics of the UFL problem, we introduce the activation function to the algorithm for solving UFL problem and name it improved adaptive differential evolution algorithm (IADEA). Next, to improve the efficiency of the algorithm and to alleviate the problem of being stuck in a local optimum, an adaptive operator was added. To test the improvement of our algorithm, we compare the IADEA with the basic differential evolution algorithm by solving typical instances of UFL problem respectively. Moreover, to compare with other heuristic algorithm, we use the hybrid ant colony algorithm to solve the same instances. The computational results show that IADEA improves the performance of the basic DE and it outperforms the hybrid ant colony algorithm.

求解无容量设施选址问题的拉格朗日蝙蝠算法

无容量设施选址问题(Uncapacitated Facility Location Problem,UFLP)是一类经典的组合优化问题,被证明是一种NP-hard问题,易于描述却难于求解.首先根据UFLP的数学模型及其具体特征,重新设计了蝙蝠算法的操作算子,给出了求解UFLP的蝙蝠算法.其次构建出三种可行化方法,并将其与求解UFLP的蝙蝠算法和拉格朗日松弛算法相结合,设计了求解该问题的拉格朗日蝙蝠算法.最后通过仿真实例和与其他算法进行比较的方式,验证了该混合算法用来求解UFLP的可行性,是解决离散型问题的一种有效方式.

煤层气藏压裂裂缝损伤演化混沌特性研究

煤岩体压裂裂缝系统演化属复杂的非线性动力特征,由损伤引起的煤岩压裂微裂缝,在其分形演化过程中,裂缝系统尖端应力场和微裂缝数目等信息发生改变,需要确定岩石裂缝尖端应力场与微裂缝数目在整个压裂过程中的变化规律,即预测岩体裂缝扩展规模。本文从关联维数,Lyapunov指数等特征量方面揭示煤岩裂缝演化混沌特性的本质。研究裂缝网络演化过程的混沌特征,分析裂缝网络演化混沌特征随压裂过程的变化规律。

以无机亚磷酸为牺牲剂光化学法制备无定形Ni(OH)2助催化剂用于光催化产氢

随着环境污染和能源危机的加剧,发展可持续能源迫在眉睫.氢气被认为是可以替代化石能源的最有前途的能源之一,且光催化分解水产氢是一种可以将太阳能转化为氢能的环境友好的方法.n型半导体材料石墨C3N4 (g-C3N4)是一种被广泛用作光催化产氢的吸光材料,然而,纯g-C3N4的光生电子–空穴对会迅速重组,其光催化活性非常低.负载助催化剂能够有效抑制光生载流子的复合,是提高光催化产氢速率的有效方法.助催化剂的作用是将电子和空穴转移给相应的反应物,因此除了助催化剂和光吸收材料之间的能级匹配之外,助催化剂负载的位置也是非常重要的.通过常规方法制备的助催化剂一般是随机分布的,而光化学方法可以将助催化剂沉积在电子和空穴的出口处,从而有利于下一步的光催化反应.使用光化学沉积法,可以通过光化学氧化制备氧化型助催化剂,也可以通过光化学还原制备还原型助催化剂.光化学法是还原贵金属助催化剂的一种常用方法,但是对于制备非贵金属助催化剂来说,它仍然是一种相对新颖的方法.光化学法目前正处于发展阶段,依然缺乏成分调控的手段,因此我们致力于发展相对准确、可控的光沉积方法.H2PO2^–由于其特殊的性质被用于光化学还原过渡金属,然而,在H2PO2^–存在下形成的颗粒非常大且高度结晶,这可能抑制光催化剂的活性.本文设计了一种利用其他磷酸盐光沉积合成光催化剂的新方法,旨在制备可控的弱结晶和小尺寸的助催化剂,以提高产氢活性.首先以不同磷酸盐为原料制备催化剂,发现以H2PO3^–为无机牺牲剂制得的催化剂的光催化产氢活性非常突出,而且制得的催化剂具有无定形结构并且平均尺寸约为10 nm.通过XRD, XPS等多种表征,证实了该条件下得到的产物是Ni(OH)2/g-C3N4.同时,通过设计对照实验,发现在使用H2PO3^–作为牺牲剂, NiCl2作为镍源, g-C3N4作为光吸收材料条件下才能制得效果最好的催化剂.然后对光沉时间,原料添加量,产氢牺牲剂等多组条件进行了优化,得到最优的复合光催化剂Ni(OH)2/g-C3N4(4.36wt%)的光催化产氢速率为13707.86μmol·g^-1·h^-1,甚至高于Pt–4.36wt%/g-C3N4的活性(11210.93μmol·g^-1·h^-1).最后,通过PL, TR-PL, SPV, I-V等多种表征对反应机理进行探究,结果表明,光催化产氢性能提升主要原因是Ni(OH)2的负载可以有效提高光生电荷的分离和转移效率,抑制光生电子对的重组.

Solution to the quadratic assignment problem usingsemi-Lagrangian relaxation

The semi-Lagrangian relaxation （SLR）, a new exactmethod for combinatorial optimization problems with equality constraints,is applied to the quadratic assignment problem （QAP）.A dual ascent algorithm with finite convergence is developed forsolving the semi-Lagrangian dual problem associated to the QAP.We perform computational experiments on 30 moderately difficultQAP instances by using the mixed integer programming solvers,Cplex, and SLR＋Cplex, respectively. The numerical results notonly further illustrate that the SLR and the developed dual ascentalgorithm can be used to solve the QAP reasonably, but also disclosean interesting fact： comparing with solving the unreducedproblem, the reduced oracle problem cannot be always effectivelysolved by using Cplex in terms of the CPU time.

Lipidomics reveals carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C protects cancer cells from lipotoxicity and senescence

Lipotoxicity, caused by intracellular lipid accumulation, accelerates the degenerative process of cellular senescence, which has implications in cancer development and therapy. Previously, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C(CPT1C), a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes carnitinylation of fatty acids, was found to be a critical regulator of cancer cell senescence. However, whether loss of CPT1C could induce senescence as a result of lipotoxicity remains unknown. An LC/MS-based lipidomic analysis of PANC-1,MDA-MB-231, HCT-116 and A549 cancer cells was conducted after siRNA depletion of CPT1C. Cellular lipotoxicity was further confirmed by lipotoxicity assays. Significant changes were found in the lipidome of CPT1C-depleted cells, including major alterations in fatty acid, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol, oxidative lipids, cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio and sphingomyelin. This was coincident with changes in expressions of mRNAs involved in lipogenesis.Histological and biochemical analyses revealed higher lipid accumulation and increased malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, signatures of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Reduction of ATP synthesis, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and down-regulation of expression of mitochondriogenesis gene m RNAs indicated mitochondrial dysfunction induced by lipotoxicity, which could further result in cellular senescence. Taken together, this study demonstrated CPT1C plays a critical role in the regulation of cancer cell lipotoxicity and cell senescence, suggesting that inhibition of CPT1C may serve as a new therapeutic strategy through induction of tumor lipotoxicity and senescence.

单分散Ni簇锚定在CN上用于高效光催化析氢

利用太阳光在常温常压下驱动光催化反应高效进行是解决人类面临的能源、环境问题从而实现绿色化学的理想方案之一.然而,兼顾效率、成本和稳定性的高性能光催化体系的研究依然存在巨大的挑战.石墨氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))基光催化剂由于高稳定性、无毒无害和适合的能带结构,在光催化制氢方面存在巨大潜力.然而,表面的慢反应速率导致了光生电子和空穴的快速复合,限制了其实际引用.而助催化剂的负载对光催化反应起着至关重要的作用.首先,助催化剂能降低光催化反应的过电势;其次,能加快界面的电荷分离和迁移并提供更多的活性位点;最后,还可以抑制光腐蚀并且增强光催化剂的稳定性等.因此,开发合适的助催化剂提高表面反应速率对高效光催化制氢极为重要.助催化剂的研究急需新的设计思路,需要同时满足以下条件:(1)助催化剂定向锚定在半导体的电子富集区域捕获电子;(2)与半导体界面形成强且稳定的界面相互作用转移表面电荷;(3)高度分散的非贵金属助催化剂.本文以具有天然表面官能团和空隙的超薄氮化碳纳米片作为载体,设计了光化学还原制备单分散的镍原子簇新策略,可同时满足沉积在电子富集区域、高度分散的非贵金属、界面结合作用强的要求.高角度环形暗场扫描透射电镜、X射线吸收近边缘结构和扩展X射线吸收精细结构结果表明,单分散的过渡金属Ni簇活性位点锚定在石墨氮化碳上.原位光化学还原沉积法制备单分散的Ni簇锚定在石墨氮化碳表面的复合光催化剂,可以实现高效的光催化反应制氢活性,光催化制氢速率达到16.5 mmol·h^(-1)·g^(-1),并且展现出461.14 h^(-1)的总周转频率(TOF(H_(2)))值,说明单分散的Ni簇提供了大量的活性位点和极大地提高了金属原子利用率.Ni-cluster/CN的CK边缘XAS光谱、NK边缘XAS光谱、XPS光谱和理论计算结果表明,基底物质石墨氮化碳可与单分散的Ni簇形成强且稳定的界面相互作用,其中C可充当电子受体,N可充当电子供体.光致发光光谱、荧光寿命、瞬态光电流、表面光电压和电化学阻抗表明,强且稳定的界面相互作用有效地促进了光生电子和空穴的分离和迁移.本文可为原位光沉积法制备单分散稳定的Ni簇助催化剂、研究助催化剂与半导体载体之间稳定的界面相互作用及用于高效光催化反应提供借鉴.

Integrated Modelling of Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties Prediction for Q&P Hot Stamping Process of Ultra‑High Strength Steel

High strength steel products with good ductility can be produced via Q&P hot stamping process,while the phase transformation of the process is more complicated than common hot stamping since two-step quenching and one-step carbon partitioning processes are involved.In this study,an integrated model of microstructure evolution relating to Q&P hot stamping was presented with a persuasively predicted results of mechanical properties.The transformation of diffusional phase and non-diffusional phase,including original austenite grain size individually,were considered,as well as the carbon partitioning process which affects the secondary martensite transformation temperature and the subsequent phase transformations.Afterwards,the mechanical properties including hardness,strength,and elongation were calculated through a series of theoretical and empirical models in accordance with phase contents.Especially,a modified elongation prediction model was generated ultimately with higher accuracy than the existed Mileiko’s model.In the end,the unified model was applied to simulate the Q&P hot stamping process of a U-cup part based on the finite element software LS-DYNA,where the calculated outputs were coincident with the measured consequences.

Spatial distribution characteristics of bacterial community structure and gene abundance in sediments of the Bohai Sea

This study investigated differences in the community structure and environmental responses of the bacterial community in sediments of the Bohai Sea.Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology and real-time PCR were used to assay the bacterial 16S rRNA genes in the surface sediments of 13 sampling stations in the Bohai Sea.The results showed that sediments at the majority of the 13 sampling stations were contaminated by heavy metal mercury.The main phyla of bacteria recorded included Proteobacteria(52.92%),Bacteroidetes(11.76%),Planctomycetes(7.39%),Acidobacteria(6.53%)and Chloroflexi(4.97%).The genus with the highest relative abundance was Desulfobulbus(4.99%),which was the dominant genus at most sampling stations,followed by Lutimonas and Halioglobus.The main factors influencing bacterial community structure were total organic carbon,followed by depth and total phosphorus.The content of lead,cadmium,chromium,copper and zinc had a consistent effect on community structure.Arsenic showed a negative correlation with bacterial community structure in most samples,while the impact of mercury on community structure was not significant.The bacterial community in sediment samples from the Bohai Sea was rich in diversity and displayed an increase in diversity from high to low latitudes.The data indicated that the Bohai Sea had abundant microbial resources and was rich in bacteria with the potential to metabolize many types of pollutants.

Superchiral fields generated by nanostructures and their applications for chiral sensing

Chirality is ubiquitous in natural world.Although with similar physical and chemical properties,chiral enantiomers could play different roles in biochemical processes.Discrimination of chiral enantiomers is extremely important in biochemical,analytical chemistry,and pharmaceutical industries.Conventional chiroptical spectroscopic methods are disadvantageous at a limited detection sensitivity because of the weak signals of natural chiral molecules.Recently,superchiral fields were proposed to effectively enhance the interaction between light and molecules,allowing for ultrasensitive chiral detection.Intensive theoretical and experimental works have been devoted to generation of superchiral fields based on artificial nanostructures and their application in ultrasensitive chiral sensing.In this review,we present a survey on these works.We begin with the introduction of chiral properties of electromagnetic fields.Then,the optical chirality enhancement and ultrasensitive chiral detection based on chiral and achiral nanostructures are discussed respectively.Finally,we give a short summary and a perspective for the future ultrasensitive chiral sensing.

Chemically engineered dendrite growth of uniform monolayers MoS_(2) for enhanced photoluminescence[Invited]

Large area and uniform monolayer MoS_(2)is of great importance for optoelectronic devices but is commonly suffering from rather weak photoluminescence.Here,by engineering the concentration profiles of gaseous chemicals through extra trace amounts of water,we demonstrate the uniform dendrite-type growth of monolayer MoS_(2)unraveled by spatially resolved fluorescence spectroscopy,which exhibits macroscopic monolayer flakes [up to centimeter scale] with photoluminescence intensity of orders of magnitude higher than conventional chemical vapor deposition monolayer MoS_(2).Both spectroscopic evidence and theoretical models reveal that the fast-fractal dendrite growth can be ascribed to the extra introduced water sources that generate sufficient aqueous gas around the S-poor regions nearby the central-axis zone,leading to highly efficient Mo sources transport,accelerated S atom corrosion nearby grain edges,and/or defect sites,as well as enhanced photoemission intensity.Our results may provide new insight for high throughput fabrication of MoS_(2)monolayers with high yield photoluminescence efficiency.