Thermoluminescence Response of Germanium-Doped Optical Fibers to X-Ray Irradiation

We present the characteristics of the thermoluminescence (TL) response of Ge-doped optical fibers with various energies and exposures of photon irradiation.To investigate the Ge-doped SiO2 as an efficient TL material,the TL responses are compared with commercially available standard TLD100 media.The Ge-doped optical fiber and TLD100 are placed in gelatin capsules and irradiated with x-ray using a Toshiba model KXO-15R x-ray generator.The Ge-doped fiber and TLD-100 show linear response as a function of current and time using x-ray photon of energy 60,80 and l00kV.When irradiated with 60,80 and l00kV x-ray energy at various currents (mA ),tube distance (cm) and exposure time (second) ranges,TLD100 media provide a TL yield up to two times that of Ge-doped fibers.The energy response of the Ge-doped fibers is linear and similar over the 60-l00 kVenergy range,and its sensitivity is 0.39±0.05 of the TLD100 media.The glow curves of TLD 100 and doped optical fiber are also compared.

Thermoluminescence Responses of Photon and Electron Irradiated Ge- and Al-Doped SiO_(2) Optical Fibres

We carry out a comparison of the thermoluminescence (TL) response of photon and electron irradiated Ge- and Al-doped SiO_(2) optical fibres,as well as cross-comparison with that of TLD-100.Irradiation is made with 6 MeV electrons and 6 MV photons,for doses ranging from 0.2 Gy to 4.0Gy.The commercially available Al- and Gedoped optical fibres produce a linear dose-TL response.The TL yield for both of the doped fibres and also for TLD-100 is greater for electron irradiation than for photon irradiation.The TL yield of the Al-doped fibres is a small fraction of that of Ge-doped fibres (by a factor of 25),the Ge-doped fibres offering a response of 59%o of that of TLD-100.

B(E2) value of even-even ^(108-112)Pd isotopes by interacting boson model-1

This work studies the systematic reduced transition probabilities B（E2）↓, intrinsic quadrupole moments and deformation parameters of Pd isotopes with even neutrons from N =62 to 66. The downward reduced transition probabilities B（E2）↓from gamma transition 8^＋to 6^＋, 6^＋ to 4^＋, 4^＋ to 2^＋ and 2^＋ to 0＋states of even-even108 112Pd isotopes were calculated by the Interacting Boson Model（IBM-1） and compared with the available previous experimental results. The ratio of the excitation energies of the first 4＋and the first 2＋excited states, R4/2, is also studied for the classification of symmetry of these nuclei. Furthermore we have studied systematically the transition rate R = B（E2： L＋ →（L 2）＋）/B（E2 ： 2＋ →0＋） of some of the low-lying quadrupole collective states in comparison with the available experimental data. The associated quadrupole moments and deformation parameters have been calculated. The results of this calculation are in good agreement with the corresponding available experimental data. The108 112Pd isotopes show the O（6） symmetry.