Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment of Euphorbia hirta in MCF-7cell line model using comet assay

Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity activity of Euphorbia hirta(E.hirta)in MCF-7 cell line model using comet assay.Methods:The cytotoxicity of E.hirta extract was investigated by employing brine shrimp lethality assay and the genotoxicity of E.hirta was assessed by using Comet assay.Results:Both toxicity tests exhibited significant toxicity result.In the comet assay,the E.hirta extract exhibited genotoxicity effects against MCF-7 DNA in a time-dependent manner by increasing mean percentage of DNA damage.The extract of E.hirta showed significant toxicity against brine shrimp with an LC_(50)value of 620.382μg/mL(24 h).Comparison with positive control potassium dichroniate signifies that cytotoxicity exhibited by the methanol extract might have moderate activity.Conclusion:The present work confirmed the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of E.hirta.However,the observed toxicity of E.hta extracts needs to be confirmed in additional studies.

Pharmacological screening of methanolic extract of Ixora species

Objective:To investigate the antimicrobial activity of niethanolic extracts of different parts of Ixora species.Methods:Antimicrobial activity was carried out using disc diffusion assay against fungi,gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.Results:All niethanolic extracts of different parts of Ixora species showed a broad-spectrum of antibacterial and antiyeast activities,which inhibited the growth of at least one bacterium or yeast.There was no remarkable difference between different Ixora species observed in this study.Conclusions:The significant antimicrobial activity shown by this Ixora species suggests its potential against infections caused by pathogens.The extract may be developed as an antimicrobial agent.

In vitro antimicrobial activities of methanolic extract from marine alga Enteromorpha intestinalis

Objective:To extract the bioactive compound from Enteromorpha intestinalis(E. intestinalis) and determine its in vitro antimicrobial activity. Methods: E. intestinalis was extracted by methanol and subjected to antimicrobial screening. The antimicrobial activity was studied by using disc diffusion and broth dilution method. The effect of the extract on the growth profile of the bacterial was also examined via time-kill assay. Microscopy observations using SEM was done to determine the major alterations in the microstructure of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Results: The results showed methanolic extract of E. intestinalis exhibited a favourable antimicrobial activity against tested bacteria with produced inhibition zone ranging from 8.0-19.0 mm. However, all the tested fungi and yeast were resistant to the extract treatment. Time kill assay suggested that methanolic extract of E. intestinalis had completely inhibited MRSA growth and also exhibited prolonged antibacterial activity. The main abnormalities noted from the microscopic observations were the structural deterioration in the normal morphology and complete collapsed of the bacteria cells after 36 h of treatment. Conclusions: The significant antibacterial activity shown by crude extract suggested its potential against MRSA infection. The extract may have potential to develop as antibacterial agent in pharmaceutical use.