Thermal treatment of biomass has been attracting attention for a decade or so, especially torrefaction. However, for the past few years, wet pyrolysis, also known as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), has been getting ...Thermal treatment of biomass has been attracting attention for a decade or so, especially torrefaction. However, for the past few years, wet pyrolysis, also known as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), has been getting some attention. Hydrothermal carbonization is a thermal treatment of biomass in the presence of water in a temperature range of 180°C - 260°C. This method of treating biomass has some benefits which others do not, such as it can handle extremely wet biomass. However, treating biomass may not be enough for practical use. It may need to be transported and stored. Thus, this study explored the idea of pelletizing the HTC biomass. The mechanical strength of the HTC pellets was found to be 93%, whereas, higher heating value (HHV) (dry basis) was found to be 4% higher than the corresponding white pellets. The initial results with some limited parameters indicated that it would be possible to pelletize without binder. However, extensive research on energy balance and economic assessment would be necessary to achieve economic feasibility.展开更多
The aim of present study is to synthesize forsterite nanoparticles（FRST） for the reclamation of cerium ions（Ce3＋） from synthetic wastewater.The aim to synthesize FRST nanoparticles is due to its biocompatible and...The aim of present study is to synthesize forsterite nanoparticles（FRST） for the reclamation of cerium ions（Ce3＋） from synthetic wastewater.The aim to synthesize FRST nanoparticles is due to its biocompatible and nontoxic nature.The formation of nanoparticles with average diameter of 58 nm was confirmed by TEM analysis.SEM images of bare FRST nanoparticles show a heterogeneous surface with porous nature.BET surface area of FRST nanoparticles is calculated to be 33.69 m2/g.The significant uptake of Ce3＋ ions can be obtained for all the selected concentrations（25-150 mg/L） within 2 h of adsorbent—adsorbate interaction.The pH study shows that by increasing pH from acidic to alkaline range,higher removal can be achieved.Temperature study demonstrates the endothermic nature of Ce3＋adsorption.The value of sticking probability suggests very high sticking probability of Ce3＋ ion for FRST nanoparticles.Ce3＋ uptake is favored by higher temperature and with the increase in temperature from298 to 328 K,Langmuir adsorption capacity increases from 36.45 to 42.99 m2/g.Applicability of FRST nanoparticles was also investigated for other light and heavy rare earth elements in single solute and multisolute systems,FRST nanoparticles show the significant removal of divalent metallic pollutants as well.The assessment of chemical toxicity of treated wastewater was carried out with the bioluminescent photobacterium（Vibrio fischeri） and decreased toxicity was observed in treated water samples.The outcome of present study suggests that the FRST nanoparticles can be efficiently utilized for the removal of Ce3＋ ions and a wide range of other pollutant species as well.展开更多
文摘Thermal treatment of biomass has been attracting attention for a decade or so, especially torrefaction. However, for the past few years, wet pyrolysis, also known as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), has been getting some attention. Hydrothermal carbonization is a thermal treatment of biomass in the presence of water in a temperature range of 180°C - 260°C. This method of treating biomass has some benefits which others do not, such as it can handle extremely wet biomass. However, treating biomass may not be enough for practical use. It may need to be transported and stored. Thus, this study explored the idea of pelletizing the HTC biomass. The mechanical strength of the HTC pellets was found to be 93%, whereas, higher heating value (HHV) (dry basis) was found to be 4% higher than the corresponding white pellets. The initial results with some limited parameters indicated that it would be possible to pelletize without binder. However, extensive research on energy balance and economic assessment would be necessary to achieve economic feasibility.
基金Project supported by the Regional Council of South-Savo and the City of Mikkeli,Finland
文摘The aim of present study is to synthesize forsterite nanoparticles（FRST） for the reclamation of cerium ions（Ce3＋） from synthetic wastewater.The aim to synthesize FRST nanoparticles is due to its biocompatible and nontoxic nature.The formation of nanoparticles with average diameter of 58 nm was confirmed by TEM analysis.SEM images of bare FRST nanoparticles show a heterogeneous surface with porous nature.BET surface area of FRST nanoparticles is calculated to be 33.69 m2/g.The significant uptake of Ce3＋ ions can be obtained for all the selected concentrations（25-150 mg/L） within 2 h of adsorbent—adsorbate interaction.The pH study shows that by increasing pH from acidic to alkaline range,higher removal can be achieved.Temperature study demonstrates the endothermic nature of Ce3＋adsorption.The value of sticking probability suggests very high sticking probability of Ce3＋ ion for FRST nanoparticles.Ce3＋ uptake is favored by higher temperature and with the increase in temperature from298 to 328 K,Langmuir adsorption capacity increases from 36.45 to 42.99 m2/g.Applicability of FRST nanoparticles was also investigated for other light and heavy rare earth elements in single solute and multisolute systems,FRST nanoparticles show the significant removal of divalent metallic pollutants as well.The assessment of chemical toxicity of treated wastewater was carried out with the bioluminescent photobacterium（Vibrio fischeri） and decreased toxicity was observed in treated water samples.The outcome of present study suggests that the FRST nanoparticles can be efficiently utilized for the removal of Ce3＋ ions and a wide range of other pollutant species as well.
