Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and electrolysis cells(SOECs)are promising energy conversion devices,on whose basis green hydrogen energy technologies can be developed to support the transition to a carbon-free future.As...Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and electrolysis cells(SOECs)are promising energy conversion devices,on whose basis green hydrogen energy technologies can be developed to support the transition to a carbon-free future.As compared with oxygen-conducting cells,the operational temperatures of protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs)and electrolysis cells(PCECs)can be reduced by several hundreds of degrees(down to low-and intermediatetemperature ranges of 400–700C)while maintaining high performance and efficiency.This is due to the distinctive characteristics of charge carriers for proton-conducting electrolytes.However,despite achieving outstanding lab-scale performance,the prospects for industrial scaling of PCFCs and PCECs remain hazy,at least in the near future,in contrast to commercially available SOFCs and SOECs.In this review,we reveal the reasons for the delayed technological development,which need to be addressed in order to transfer fundamental findings into industrial processes.Possible solutions to the identified problems are also highlighted.展开更多
Protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs)offer a convenient means for electrochemical conversion of chemical energy into electricity at intermediate temperatures with very high efficiency.Although BaCeO_(3)-and BaZrO_(3)-bas...Protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs)offer a convenient means for electrochemical conversion of chemical energy into electricity at intermediate temperatures with very high efficiency.Although BaCeO_(3)-and BaZrO_(3)-based complex oxides have been positioned as the most promising PCFC electrolytes,the design of new protonic conductors with improved properties is of paramount importance.Within the present work,we studied transport properties of scandium-doped barium stannate(Sc-doped BaSnO_(3)).Our analysis included the fabrication of porous and dense BaSn_(1−x)Sc_(x)O_(3−δ)ceramic materials(0≤x≤0.37),as well as a comprehensive analysis of their total,ionic,and electronic conductivities across all the experimental conditions realized under the PCFC operation:both air and hydrogen atmospheres with various water vapor partial pressures(p(H2O)),and a temperature range of 500–900℃.This work reports on electrolyte domain boundaries of the undoped and doped BaSnO_(3)for the first time,revealing that pure BaSnO_(3)exhibits mixed ionic–electronic conduction behavior under both oxidizing and reducing conditions,while the Sc-doping results in the gradual improvement of ionic(including protonic)conductivity,extending the electrolyte domain boundaries towards reduced atmospheres.This latter property makes the heavilydoped BaSnO_(3)representatives attractive for PCFC applications.展开更多
文摘Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and electrolysis cells(SOECs)are promising energy conversion devices,on whose basis green hydrogen energy technologies can be developed to support the transition to a carbon-free future.As compared with oxygen-conducting cells,the operational temperatures of protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs)and electrolysis cells(PCECs)can be reduced by several hundreds of degrees(down to low-and intermediatetemperature ranges of 400–700C)while maintaining high performance and efficiency.This is due to the distinctive characteristics of charge carriers for proton-conducting electrolytes.However,despite achieving outstanding lab-scale performance,the prospects for industrial scaling of PCFCs and PCECs remain hazy,at least in the near future,in contrast to commercially available SOFCs and SOECs.In this review,we reveal the reasons for the delayed technological development,which need to be addressed in order to transfer fundamental findings into industrial processes.Possible solutions to the identified problems are also highlighted.
文摘Protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs)offer a convenient means for electrochemical conversion of chemical energy into electricity at intermediate temperatures with very high efficiency.Although BaCeO_(3)-and BaZrO_(3)-based complex oxides have been positioned as the most promising PCFC electrolytes,the design of new protonic conductors with improved properties is of paramount importance.Within the present work,we studied transport properties of scandium-doped barium stannate(Sc-doped BaSnO_(3)).Our analysis included the fabrication of porous and dense BaSn_(1−x)Sc_(x)O_(3−δ)ceramic materials(0≤x≤0.37),as well as a comprehensive analysis of their total,ionic,and electronic conductivities across all the experimental conditions realized under the PCFC operation:both air and hydrogen atmospheres with various water vapor partial pressures(p(H2O)),and a temperature range of 500–900℃.This work reports on electrolyte domain boundaries of the undoped and doped BaSnO_(3)for the first time,revealing that pure BaSnO_(3)exhibits mixed ionic–electronic conduction behavior under both oxidizing and reducing conditions,while the Sc-doping results in the gradual improvement of ionic(including protonic)conductivity,extending the electrolyte domain boundaries towards reduced atmospheres.This latter property makes the heavilydoped BaSnO_(3)representatives attractive for PCFC applications.