Automobile accidents are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Every year, over 1.24 million people are killed in traffic accidents. Even though automobiles are designed to help people, they have been used to ...Automobile accidents are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Every year, over 1.24 million people are killed in traffic accidents. Even though automobiles are designed to help people, they have been used to kill them in large numbers. Automobile accident research has primarily focused on past tragedies to develop and implement policies to combat this pandemic. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the different methods used to investigate the vehicle system-related cause factors of road traffic accidents. Police report reports have served as a foundation for providing historical facts about the causes of automobile accidents. It has been observed that police reports have limitations when it comes to reporting the involvement of vehicle systems in causing a traffic accident. The majority of the research was conducted on articles that investigated vehicle system risk factors using statistical data. Following articles that used statistical data to investigate vehicle system risk factors, the inclusion criteria were chosen. Articles on traffic accidents published in Cameroon were included on the condition that they studied at least one traffic accident risk factor. Two hundred twenty-five distinct records were identified, and 155 full texts were screened for inclusion, resulting in the inclusion of 25 studies in the review. According to the findings, failure to break the braking system, tyre puncture, poor driving, speeding, and overtaking are the leading causes of automobile crash reports reported by police. The majority of the study’s conclusions lamented that accusing vehicle systems was based on assumptions and the reporter’s judgment. It was determined that the use of stringent vetting procedures to investigate vehicle systems is the cause of a traffic accident. As a result, stakeholders will require accurate facts from a traffic crash investigation.展开更多
Road safety is still an important issue with road accidents among the leading causes of death accounting for more than 1.2 million fatalities and 50 million injuries globally per year. Of these casualties, speeding is...Road safety is still an important issue with road accidents among the leading causes of death accounting for more than 1.2 million fatalities and 50 million injuries globally per year. Of these casualties, speeding is a substantial contributing factor. Nowadays, speed reduction is mainly achieved through speed law enforcement measures. The review is aimed at examining the different enforcement approaches used to control and monitor excessive speeds on highways at large and particularly in Cameroon. A systematic search was performed in Science Direct, Elsevier, google scholar, scientific research, and Springer, ResearchGate, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Furthermore, references of selected articles were reviewed to maximize the rate of articles found. The details of the research articles were generated using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flow chart. The results show that of 658 retried articles, duplicates of 458 were excluded and 200 were screened. A total of 61 and 40 articles were screened from abstract and full pdf text respectively. Finally, 15 relevant studies were included in the study. The review revealed that the included articles on speed enforcement on the highway were limited to sanctioning defaulters for fine payments.展开更多
Evaluating real world situations in risky environments based on various qualitative/quantitative criteria in order to suggest a strategy/policy among available options is one of the critical challenges in inciden...Evaluating real world situations in risky environments based on various qualitative/quantitative criteria in order to suggest a strategy/policy among available options is one of the critical challenges in incident management. Such is the case when considering an eco-efficient development strategy that can minimize the risk associated with the location of gas stations in human settlements. Taking the Douala city of Cameroon as an example, four actions were evaluated, including the options of relocating the gas stations, putting in place of emergency response plan in gas stations, and relocation of households subject to a group of four criteria. Data were collected via personal communication with decision-makers using a five-point Likert scale. The market values of buildings subject to expropriation were estimated based on order No. 0082/Y. 15.1/MNUH/D of 20 November 1987 of the ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Cameroon. The financial costs incurred in establishing a gas station were an average value obtained from a sample of 80 gas stations randomly selected among those whose locations do not comply with existing regulations. These amounts were obtained from their financial records, while the value of putting in place an emergency action plan was obtained from the current market value of the equipment required. The algorithm of PROMETHEE under the usual criterion function was implemented. The results suggested that putting in place an emergency response plan could minimize relocation costs, maximize profits/welfare, and maximize environmental quality, and minimize social impacts, and was therefore considered as the most preferred alternative. Sensitivity analyses of results further confirmed that implementation of emergency response plan is the most preferred alternative.展开更多
文摘Automobile accidents are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Every year, over 1.24 million people are killed in traffic accidents. Even though automobiles are designed to help people, they have been used to kill them in large numbers. Automobile accident research has primarily focused on past tragedies to develop and implement policies to combat this pandemic. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the different methods used to investigate the vehicle system-related cause factors of road traffic accidents. Police report reports have served as a foundation for providing historical facts about the causes of automobile accidents. It has been observed that police reports have limitations when it comes to reporting the involvement of vehicle systems in causing a traffic accident. The majority of the research was conducted on articles that investigated vehicle system risk factors using statistical data. Following articles that used statistical data to investigate vehicle system risk factors, the inclusion criteria were chosen. Articles on traffic accidents published in Cameroon were included on the condition that they studied at least one traffic accident risk factor. Two hundred twenty-five distinct records were identified, and 155 full texts were screened for inclusion, resulting in the inclusion of 25 studies in the review. According to the findings, failure to break the braking system, tyre puncture, poor driving, speeding, and overtaking are the leading causes of automobile crash reports reported by police. The majority of the study’s conclusions lamented that accusing vehicle systems was based on assumptions and the reporter’s judgment. It was determined that the use of stringent vetting procedures to investigate vehicle systems is the cause of a traffic accident. As a result, stakeholders will require accurate facts from a traffic crash investigation.
文摘Road safety is still an important issue with road accidents among the leading causes of death accounting for more than 1.2 million fatalities and 50 million injuries globally per year. Of these casualties, speeding is a substantial contributing factor. Nowadays, speed reduction is mainly achieved through speed law enforcement measures. The review is aimed at examining the different enforcement approaches used to control and monitor excessive speeds on highways at large and particularly in Cameroon. A systematic search was performed in Science Direct, Elsevier, google scholar, scientific research, and Springer, ResearchGate, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Furthermore, references of selected articles were reviewed to maximize the rate of articles found. The details of the research articles were generated using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flow chart. The results show that of 658 retried articles, duplicates of 458 were excluded and 200 were screened. A total of 61 and 40 articles were screened from abstract and full pdf text respectively. Finally, 15 relevant studies were included in the study. The review revealed that the included articles on speed enforcement on the highway were limited to sanctioning defaulters for fine payments.
文摘Evaluating real world situations in risky environments based on various qualitative/quantitative criteria in order to suggest a strategy/policy among available options is one of the critical challenges in incident management. Such is the case when considering an eco-efficient development strategy that can minimize the risk associated with the location of gas stations in human settlements. Taking the Douala city of Cameroon as an example, four actions were evaluated, including the options of relocating the gas stations, putting in place of emergency response plan in gas stations, and relocation of households subject to a group of four criteria. Data were collected via personal communication with decision-makers using a five-point Likert scale. The market values of buildings subject to expropriation were estimated based on order No. 0082/Y. 15.1/MNUH/D of 20 November 1987 of the ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Cameroon. The financial costs incurred in establishing a gas station were an average value obtained from a sample of 80 gas stations randomly selected among those whose locations do not comply with existing regulations. These amounts were obtained from their financial records, while the value of putting in place an emergency action plan was obtained from the current market value of the equipment required. The algorithm of PROMETHEE under the usual criterion function was implemented. The results suggested that putting in place an emergency response plan could minimize relocation costs, maximize profits/welfare, and maximize environmental quality, and minimize social impacts, and was therefore considered as the most preferred alternative. Sensitivity analyses of results further confirmed that implementation of emergency response plan is the most preferred alternative.
