Background: Although cirrhosis is a major risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma, no definitive prospective analyses have assessed the long-term efficacy of antiviral therapy in cirrhotic patients. Ob...Background: Although cirrhosis is a major risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma, no definitive prospective analyses have assessed the long-term efficacy of antiviral therapy in cirrhotic patients. Objective: To elucidate the role of antiviral therapy in the suppression of liver tumors and survival over a long-term follow-up period. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: 25 clinical centers. Patients: 345 patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis enrolled in previous trials. Intervention: 271 patients received 6 to 9 million U of interferon 3 times weekly for 26 to 88 weeks; 74 received no treatment. Measurements: Blood tests and abdominal ultrasonography were done regularly to detect hepatocellular carcinoma. Results: Hepatocellular carcinoma was detected in 119 patients during a 6.8-year follow-up: 84 (31%) in the interferon-treated group and 35 (47%) in the untreated group. Cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma among interferon-treated patients was significantly lower than in untreated patients (Cox model: age-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.65 [95%CI, 0.43 to 0.97]; P = 0.03), especially sustained virologic responders. A total of 69 patients died during follow-up: 45 (17%) in the treated group and 24 (32%) in the untreated group. Interferon-treated patients had a better chance of survival than the untreated group (Cox model: age-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.54 [CI, 0.33 to 0.89]; P = 0.02). This was especially evident in sustained virologic responders. Limitation: This was not a randomized, controlled study. Patients enrolled in the control group had declined to receive interferon treatment even though they were eligible for treatment. Conclusion: Interferon therapy for cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C, especially those in whom the infection had been cured, inhibited the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and improved survival.展开更多
PURPOSE: To report a novel mutation in the RLBP1 gene and optical coherence to mographic findings in a Japanese patient with retinitis punctata albescens. DESI GN: Observational case report. METHODS: The RLBP1 gene wa...PURPOSE: To report a novel mutation in the RLBP1 gene and optical coherence to mographic findings in a Japanese patient with retinitis punctata albescens. DESI GN: Observational case report. METHODS: The RLBP1 gene was analyzed by direct ge nomic sequencing. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed. RESULTS: Compound heterozygous mutations in the RLBP1 gene were identified in the patient . The mutations were a novel missense Arg103Trp mutation and a missense Arg234Tr p mutation, the causative mutation of Bothnia dystrophy. The patient’s fundi sh owed numerouswhite dots with diffuse retinalmottling and bilateralmacular degene ration. Her visual function deteriorated progressively during 12-year follow-u p. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated decreased retinal thickness, especi ally the photoreceptor layer. CONCLUSION: A novel mutation in RLBP1 gene was fou nd in a Japanese patient with retinitis punctata albescens. Degenerative changes of the outer retina were detected by optical coherence tomography.展开更多
文摘Background: Although cirrhosis is a major risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma, no definitive prospective analyses have assessed the long-term efficacy of antiviral therapy in cirrhotic patients. Objective: To elucidate the role of antiviral therapy in the suppression of liver tumors and survival over a long-term follow-up period. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: 25 clinical centers. Patients: 345 patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis enrolled in previous trials. Intervention: 271 patients received 6 to 9 million U of interferon 3 times weekly for 26 to 88 weeks; 74 received no treatment. Measurements: Blood tests and abdominal ultrasonography were done regularly to detect hepatocellular carcinoma. Results: Hepatocellular carcinoma was detected in 119 patients during a 6.8-year follow-up: 84 (31%) in the interferon-treated group and 35 (47%) in the untreated group. Cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma among interferon-treated patients was significantly lower than in untreated patients (Cox model: age-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.65 [95%CI, 0.43 to 0.97]; P = 0.03), especially sustained virologic responders. A total of 69 patients died during follow-up: 45 (17%) in the treated group and 24 (32%) in the untreated group. Interferon-treated patients had a better chance of survival than the untreated group (Cox model: age-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.54 [CI, 0.33 to 0.89]; P = 0.02). This was especially evident in sustained virologic responders. Limitation: This was not a randomized, controlled study. Patients enrolled in the control group had declined to receive interferon treatment even though they were eligible for treatment. Conclusion: Interferon therapy for cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C, especially those in whom the infection had been cured, inhibited the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and improved survival.
文摘PURPOSE: To report a novel mutation in the RLBP1 gene and optical coherence to mographic findings in a Japanese patient with retinitis punctata albescens. DESI GN: Observational case report. METHODS: The RLBP1 gene was analyzed by direct ge nomic sequencing. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed. RESULTS: Compound heterozygous mutations in the RLBP1 gene were identified in the patient . The mutations were a novel missense Arg103Trp mutation and a missense Arg234Tr p mutation, the causative mutation of Bothnia dystrophy. The patient’s fundi sh owed numerouswhite dots with diffuse retinalmottling and bilateralmacular degene ration. Her visual function deteriorated progressively during 12-year follow-u p. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated decreased retinal thickness, especi ally the photoreceptor layer. CONCLUSION: A novel mutation in RLBP1 gene was fou nd in a Japanese patient with retinitis punctata albescens. Degenerative changes of the outer retina were detected by optical coherence tomography.
