Optimization of the Design of Structures in Coverage Using the Genetic Algorithm Method

In this research work,an optimization of the design of steel structures is developed through Genetic Algorithms(Gas)with the objective of reducing the amount of material and with them the cost,for which the programming of the GAs tool in the Fortran programming language with the SAP2000 Application Programming Interface(API)v.19 using Visual Studio Professional 2015-Intel?Visual Fortran with Parallel Studio XE.The GAs method consists of randomly searching the Objective Function(OF)of the optimal variables with restrictions.The OF defined by the weight of the structure,the variables in relation to the cross sections of the structural elements and the constraints are the design of resistance using the method of Load and Resistance Factor Design(LRFD),restriction of displacements and restriction of the ratio of slenderness considered in the National Building Regulations(RNE),whose GAs search parameters are given by probability of crossing 70%by simple crossing strategy,probability of mutation 20%,elitism of 5%and maximum number of generations according to the profile.The examined metal structure is a cover with five double-body warren arches with 32 m light connected with 24 joists both with welded connections,that is,rigid.The metal structure was evaluated on demand for loads(dead load,live load,snow load,wind load and earthquake loads).The structural design was carried out with the following profiles:circular,tubular,square,angular and Normal Profile with I-shaped section(IPN)of which the most optimal was the tubular profile.The outer diameters of the cross section are:diagonal with a diameter of 1 in,lower flange with a diameter of 23/8 in,upper flange with a diameter of 11/2 in,inner belt with a diameter of 1 in and belt.outside with a diameter of 11/2 in.

Analysis and Prediction of Risks From Rockfall in the Huancavelica City

This research refers to the analysis and prediction of rockfall risk,whose objective is to determine the results of the validation of the model and application of modeling in the Rocfall Software,in this way to prepare the map of risk areas.Likewise,the general problem was identified:What are the results of the analysis and prediction of risks from rockfall in the city of Huancavelica?To respond to the problem posed,the following steps were carried out:obtaining field information with Drone equipment and using photogrammetric processes the topography of the study area was obtained,identification of unstable areas,trajectories,traces of the previously occurred landslides and five geomechanical stations.The specific weight of eight rock samples in the laboratory of the National University of Huancavelica was also calculated,which served to obtain the weight of the large-scale rock blocks.In addition,the normal and tangential restitution coefficients were calibrated,that is,field trials.Once the data were obtained,modeling was carried out by applying the Rocfall software,whose results of ten trajectories were:final distance reached,bounce height,kinetic energy and translational speed.With these values,risk maps have been prepared,taking into account the areas of housing vulnerability in the city of Huancavelica.Finally,it is proposed to mitigate these risks of rockfall,with dynamic barriers,which is important for the security of housing in the analysis sectors.