Mostly based on assumptions derived from controlled-environment studies, predicted future atmospheric CO2 concentrations [CO2] are expected to have considerable impacts on carbon （C） turnover in agro-ecosystems. In ...Mostly based on assumptions derived from controlled-environment studies, predicted future atmospheric CO2 concentrations [CO2] are expected to have considerable impacts on carbon （C） turnover in agro-ecosystems. In order to allow the in situ examination of C-transformations in the plant-soil system of arable crop rotations under future [002], a free air carbon dioxide enrichment （FACE） experiment （550 μmol mol^-1 CO2） was started at Braunschweig, Germany in 1999. The crop rotation under investigation comprised winter barley, a cover crop （ryegrass）, sugar beets and winter wheat. Assessments of CO2 effects included the determination of above- and belowground biomass production, measurements of canopy CO2- and H2O- fluxes, soil microbial biomass and in situ soil respiration. The results obtained during the 1st crop rotation cycle （3 years） showed that for the selected crops elevated [CO2] entailed significant positive effects （P 〈 0.05） on aboveground （6%-14% stimulation） and belowground biomass production （up to 90% stimulation）, while canopy evapotranspiration was reduced. This resulted in increased soil water content. Also, depending on crop type and season, high CO2 stimulated in situ soil respiration （up to 30%）, while soil microbial biomass did not show significant respouses to elevated [CO2] during the first rotation cycle.展开更多
Meat is a rich nutrient matrix that provides a suitable environment for proliferation of meat spoilage microbiota and common food-bom pathogens, therefore adequate preservation has to be applied in order to preserve i...Meat is a rich nutrient matrix that provides a suitable environment for proliferation of meat spoilage microbiota and common food-bom pathogens, therefore adequate preservation has to be applied in order to preserve its safety and qualib：. Lantibiotic nisin is not conunonly used in the meat industry, in spite of its beneficial effect in e.g. dairy industry. Theretbre, here, the effect of nisin was searched in traditional fermented sausage Gombasek experimentally contaminated with Listeria innocua Lil strata Ihe antimicrobial effect of nisin was demonstrated by the Lil strain decrease at day 2 （after contamination） with the difference 1.79 logarithmic （log） cycles comparing with the control sausage （CLi）. At week l, the difference 4.14 log cycles was noted in the experimental sausages comparing with CLi sausages with prolonging inhibitory effect up to week 2; although the difference was diminished （1.82 log cycles）; but higher than at day 2, The pH values as well as lactic acid values were not influenced by the nisin treatment （pH value in the reference sausage was 5.0, in CLi 5.7 and in the experimental sausage E, 5.1; amount of lactic acid in t： was 0.099 mmol L^-1： and in CLi 0.107 mmol L^-1）.展开更多
基金Project supported by the German Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture (BMVEL) and the German Science Foundation (DFG) (No.WE 1839/1-1)
文摘Mostly based on assumptions derived from controlled-environment studies, predicted future atmospheric CO2 concentrations [CO2] are expected to have considerable impacts on carbon （C） turnover in agro-ecosystems. In order to allow the in situ examination of C-transformations in the plant-soil system of arable crop rotations under future [002], a free air carbon dioxide enrichment （FACE） experiment （550 μmol mol^-1 CO2） was started at Braunschweig, Germany in 1999. The crop rotation under investigation comprised winter barley, a cover crop （ryegrass）, sugar beets and winter wheat. Assessments of CO2 effects included the determination of above- and belowground biomass production, measurements of canopy CO2- and H2O- fluxes, soil microbial biomass and in situ soil respiration. The results obtained during the 1st crop rotation cycle （3 years） showed that for the selected crops elevated [CO2] entailed significant positive effects （P 〈 0.05） on aboveground （6%-14% stimulation） and belowground biomass production （up to 90% stimulation）, while canopy evapotranspiration was reduced. This resulted in increased soil water content. Also, depending on crop type and season, high CO2 stimulated in situ soil respiration （up to 30%）, while soil microbial biomass did not show significant respouses to elevated [CO2] during the first rotation cycle.
文摘Meat is a rich nutrient matrix that provides a suitable environment for proliferation of meat spoilage microbiota and common food-bom pathogens, therefore adequate preservation has to be applied in order to preserve its safety and qualib：. Lantibiotic nisin is not conunonly used in the meat industry, in spite of its beneficial effect in e.g. dairy industry. Theretbre, here, the effect of nisin was searched in traditional fermented sausage Gombasek experimentally contaminated with Listeria innocua Lil strata Ihe antimicrobial effect of nisin was demonstrated by the Lil strain decrease at day 2 （after contamination） with the difference 1.79 logarithmic （log） cycles comparing with the control sausage （CLi）. At week l, the difference 4.14 log cycles was noted in the experimental sausages comparing with CLi sausages with prolonging inhibitory effect up to week 2; although the difference was diminished （1.82 log cycles）; but higher than at day 2, The pH values as well as lactic acid values were not influenced by the nisin treatment （pH value in the reference sausage was 5.0, in CLi 5.7 and in the experimental sausage E, 5.1; amount of lactic acid in t： was 0.099 mmol L^-1： and in CLi 0.107 mmol L^-1）.
