川西高原毛垭坝盆地全新世气候变化

在西风带、东亚季风和印度季风的共同影响下,青藏高原不同区域全新世气候变化过程存在显著差异,加强不同区域古气候变化研究对重建青藏高原全新世气候变化过程及理解其变化机制具有重要意义。以青藏高原东部川西高原理塘县毛垭坝盆地全新世地层为研究对象,在14C测年的基础上,通过沉积环境和多个古气候代用指标的分析,重建了全新世气候变化过程。毛垭坝盆地早-中全新世冰水湖沉积物覆盖在末次冰期冰碛物之上,晚全新世为冲洪积物。全新世沉积物在筛除砾石(粒径>2 mm)后的粒度组成以中粉砂以下粒级(粒径<32μm)为主,占比多>80%,是冰川磨蚀作用的产物。磁化率在古土壤层明显增大,结合粒径<1μm粒度组分的出现,可能说明成壤作用生成的强磁性矿物是磁化率值增大的原因。在冰水湖还原环境中磁化率值显著减小,可能与磁性矿物溶解有关。结合总有机碳(TOC)和色度参数的综合分析表明,毛垭坝盆地早全新世气候温干,中全新世暖湿,晚全新世温干,这一变化过程与青藏高原东部全新世气候变化总的趋势相符。在晚全新世气候温干的趋势下,毛垭坝盆地在2 700 a BP古土壤发育,气候温湿。

一种改进量子遗传算法在地空反辐射混编群兵力配置优化中的应用

提出了地空反辐射混编群概念及防电磁干扰与抗空中进袭的综合兵力配置需求,基于电子支援下的空袭作战背景,分析了掩护角、配置距离、有效干扰等要素的相互关系,并以杀伤区面积为目标函数,构建了地空反辐射混编群兵力配置优化模型。结合混编群兵力配置特点,对量子遗传算法进行了旋转角的自适应改进,在设置想定实例的基础上,运用改进的量子遗传算法对问题进行求解,并与传统量子遗传算法、粒子群算法和量子涡流算法计算结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:运用改进量子遗传算法求解地空反辐射混编群兵力配置优化问题,全局寻优能力更强、收敛速度更快、稳定性更好。

“地貌学及第四纪地质学”课程思政的探索与实践

为实现在潜移默化中立德树人的课程思政教学改革目标,我们教学团队在系统梳理“地貌学及第四纪地质学”课程知识体系的基础上,深入挖掘了各章节教学内容相关的思政案例,并以多样化的形式融入教学的各个环节。这些举措的实施既有利于促进学生对相关专业知识的掌握,也有利于培养他们的家国情怀、提升道路自信和文化自信、增强环保意识和生态文明建设理念、培育独立思考和敢于创新的科学精神,以及传承“艰苦朴素,求真务实”的工作作风。

基于多层次灰色法的武器装备需求变更风险评估

建立多层次的风险评估指标体系,综合运用层次分析法和灰色系统理论,构建灰色评估模型,并通过实例进行验证。该方法可以定量评估武器装备需求变更风险,有效识别风险影响因素,从而消除需求变更可能带来的不良影响,确保武器装备研制过程科学有序。

Magnetostratigraphy and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility of the Lulehe Formation in the Northeastern Qaidam Basin

The timing of onset of deposition of the Lulehe Formation is a significant factor in understanding the genesis of the Qaidam basin and the evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Here, we describe a detailed magnetostratigraphic and magnetic fabric study of the middle and lower parts of the Lulehe Formation. A total of 234 samples were collected from 117 sites throughout a thickness of almost 460 m of fluvial and lacustrine deposits at the Xitieshan section in the northeastern Qaidam basin. Out of these sites, 94 sites yielded well-defined characteristic remanent magnetization components by stepwise thermal demagnetization and were used to establish the magnetostratigraphy of the studied section. Based on correlation with the geomagnetic polarity timescale, the studied section spans the period from 53.8 Ma to 50.7 Ma. Our results show a three-fold decrease in sedimentation rates as well as marked change in facies from braided river to delta and shore-shallow lake around 52.6 Ma, which suggests tectonic uplift of the northeastern Qaidam basin margin ridge was rapid at the onset of formation of the Qaidam basin and subsequently weakened after 52.6 Ma. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility results indicate that tectonic compression stress had reached the northeastern Tibetan Plateau by the early stages of Indo-Eurasian plate collision and that the direction of stress in the study area was NE-SW. Furthermore, a weakening of tectonic compression stress around 52.6 Ma is consistent with sedimentary records. The age of initial deposition of the Qaidam basin （around 53.8 Ma） was almost synchronous with that of the Qiangtang, Hoh Xil, Xining, and Lanzhou basins, which implies that stress was transferred rapidly through the Tibetan Plateau during or immediately after the onset of Indo-Eurasian collision.

Sedimentary Evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Cenozoic and its Response to the Uplift of the Plateau

We have studied the evolution of the tectonic lithofacies paleogeography of Paleocene- Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by compiling data regarding the type, tectonic setting, and iithostratigraphic sequence of 98 remnant basins in the plateau area. Our results can be summarized as follows. （1） The Paleocene to Eocene is characterized by uplift and erosion in the Songpan-Garze and Gangdise belts, depression （lakes and pluvial plains） in eastern Tarim, Qaidam, Qiangtang, and Hoh Xil, and the Neo-Tethys Sea in the western and southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. （2） The Oligocene is characterized by uplift in the Gangdise--Himalaya and Karakorum regions （marked by the absence of sedimentation）, fluvial transport （originating eastward and flowing westward） in the Brahmaputra region （marked by the deposition of Dazhuka conglomerate）, uplift and erosion in western Kunlun and Songpan-Garze, and depression （lakes） in the Tarim, Qaidam, Qiangtang, and Hoh Xil. The Oligocene is further characterized by depressional littoral and neritic basins in southwestern Tarim, with marine facies deposition ceasing at the end of the Oligocene. （3） For the Miocene, a widespread regional unconformity （ca. 23 Ma） in and adjacent to the plateau indicates comprehensive uplift of the plateau. This period is characterized by depressions （lakes） in the Tarim, Qaidam, Xining-Nanzhou, Qiangtang, and Hoh Xil. Lacustrine facies deposition expanded to peak in and adjacent to the plateau ca. 18-13 Ma, and north-south fault basins formed in southern Tibet ca. 13-10 Ma. All of these features indicate that the plateau uplifted to its peak and began to collapse. （4） Uplift and erosion occurred during the Pliocene in most parts of the plateau, except in the Hoh Xil-Qiangtang, Tarim, and Qaidam. The continuous uplift and intensive taphrogeny in the plateau divided the original large basin into small basins, deposition of lacustrine facies decreased considerably, and boulderstone accumulated, indicating a response to the overall uplift of the plateau. Here, we discuss the evolution of tectonic lithofacies paleogeography in Cenozoic and its response to the tectonic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in relation to the above characteristics. We have recognized five major uplift events, which occurred during 58-53 Ma, 45-30 Ma, 25-20 Ma, 13-7 Ma, and since 5 Ma. The results presented here indicate that the paleogeomorphic configurations of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau turned over during the late Miocene, with high elevations in the east during the pre-Miocene switching to high contours in the west at the end of Miocene.

Cenozoic Evolution of Sediments and Climate Change and Response to Tectonic Uplift of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Through a comprehensive study of magnetostratigraphy and sedimentology of several basins in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau,we reveal that the study area mainly experienced six tectonic uplift stages at approximately 52 Ma,34-30 Ma,24-20 Ma,16-12 Ma,8-6 Ma,and 3.6-2.6 Ma.Comprehensive analyses of pollen assemblages from the Qaidam,Linxia,Xining,and West Jiuquan Basins show that the northeastern Tibetan Plateau has undergone six major changes in vegetation types and climate：50-40 Ma for the warm-humid forest vegetation,40-23 Ma for the warm-arid and temperate-arid forest steppe vegetation,23-18.6 Ma for the warm-humid and temperate-humid forest vegetation,18.6-8.5 Ma for the warm-humid and cool-humid forest steppe vegetation,8.6-5 Ma for the temperate sub-humid savanna steppe vegetation,and 5-1.8 Ma for the cold-arid steppe vegetation.Comprehensive comparisons of tectonic uplift events inferred from sedimentary records,climatic changes inferred from pollen,and global climate changes show that in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau the climate in the Paleogene at low altitude was mainly controlled by the global climate change,while that in the Neogene interval with high altitude landscapes of mountains and basins is more controlled by altitude and morphology.

The Mid-Miocene Pollen Record of the Xunhua Basin, NE Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Global Climate Change

The northeastern Tibetan Plateau is located at the convergence of the Asian winter and summer monsoons and westerlies; thus, this area has witnessed historic climate changes.The Xunhua basin is an intermontane basin on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The basin contains more than 2000 m of Cenozoic fluvial–lacustrine sediments, recording a long history of climate and environmental changes.We collected the mid-Miocene sediments from the Xunhua basin and used palynological methods to discuss the relationship between aridification in the interior of Asia, global cooling, and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.Based on the palynological analysis of the Xigou section, Xunhua basin, the palynological diagram is subdivided into three pollen zones and past vegetation and climate are reconstructed.Zone I, Ephedripites–Nitraridites–Chenopodipollis–Quercoidites（14.0–12.5 Ma）, represents mixed shrub–steppe vegetation with a dry and cold climate.In zone II, Pinaceae–Betulaepollenites–Ephedripites–Chenopodipollis–Graminidites（12.5–8.0 Ma）, the vegetation and climate conditions improved, even though the vegetation was still dominated by shrub–steppe taxa.Zone III, Ephedripites–Nitrariadites–Chenopodipollis（8.0–5.0 Ma）, represents desert steppe vegetation with drier and colder climate.The palynological records suggest that shrub–steppe dominated the whole Xigou section and the content gradually increased, implying a protracted aridification process, although there was an obvious climate improvement during 12.5–8.0 Ma.The aridification in the Xunhua basin and surrounding mountains during 14.0–12.5 Ma was probably related to global cooling induced by the rapid expansion of the East Antarctic ice-sheets and the relatively higher evaporation rate.During the 12.5–8.0 Ma period, although topographic changes（uplift of Jishi Shan） decreased precipitation and strengthened aridification in the Xunhua basin on leeward slopes, the improved vegetation and climate conditions were probably controlled by the decrease in evaporation rates as a result of continuous cooling.From 8.0 to 5.0 Ma, the rapid development of the desert steppe can be attributed to global cooling and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.

多层反导协同作战兵力需求研究

为探寻一种科学的多层反导协同作战兵力需求分析方法,界定了多层反导协同作战兵力需求的内涵,系统阐述了作战单元、火力层次、航路捷径、突击波次等相关概念,在明确多层反导协同作战兵力需求研究思路的基础上,构建了多层反导协同作战拦截毁伤模型,提出了反导火力重叠需求计算方法,给出了单火力层次反导作战单元最小可接受数量及多层反导协同作战总兵力需求计算模型,并设置了反导作战实例,运用LINGO软件对实例进行求解,充分印证了所采用方法的合理性以及各反导火力层次在作战中的地位作用。

Occurrence of Middle Miocene Fossil Cyprinid Fish in the Northern Qaidam Basin and its Paleoenvironmental Implications

With a thick sequence of early Eocene to Pleistocene terrestrial records, the Qaidam Basin on the northern Tibetan Plateau provides an important sedimentary archive for understanding the paleoenvironmental evolution of the northeast Tibetan Plateau. In this study, specimens of fossil fish remains are collected from the late Middle Miocene（Serravallian, -12 Ma） of the middle member of the Shang Youshashan Formation, Dahonggou（DHG） section, in the northern Qaidam Basin. Based on a systematic study of these materials, the remains have assigned to Cyprinidae, with typical pharyngeal teeth and dorsal fin spines with serrations on the posterior edge. Our discovery improves understanding of the cyprinid fish distribution characteristics in the Qaidam Basin during the Cenozoic. Cooccurrences of terrestrial brackish ostracod species Cyprideis and long chain alkenonesin the layer indicate that the studied cyprinid fish lived in a generally large brackish to saline water body during the late middle Miocene（Serravallian）, when the climate of Qaidam Basin was still not sufficiently dry to form an extreme saline water lake.

川西理塘高原冰蚀湖记录的晚更新世古地震事件

湖相沉积具有高分辨率的沉积记录,而更新世以来的冰水湖泊可以记录冰期与间冰期的地质事件,具有重要的地质意义.川西高原地处青藏高原东南缘,是中国地势变化最为显著的过渡地带,发育较为完整的冰川地貌.川西理塘高原毛垭盆地发育由冰川堰塞湖形成的连续稳定的16 m湖相剖面,为纹层状泥与粉砂互层,在下部层位(深度约12.68 m和13.26 m)发现了由地震触发的软沉积物变形构造,其形态特征主要表现为液化卷曲、球‒枕构造、液化底劈和层间滑动褶皱变形,通过放射性同位素AMS 14C测年得到两期软沉积物变形事件的年龄为33850~33110、37254~36042 cal.BP.指示该地区在±37~33 ka期间至少发生过两期古地震事件:早期发生在37~36 ka之前,震级大于7级,晚期则发生于33 ka之后,震级6~7级左右.

中国古近纪构造-地层区划及地层格架

古近纪是地球演化进程中最为关键的时段之一,如印度与欧亚板块碰撞和青藏高原初始隆升、太平洋板块向西往欧亚大陆俯冲伴随大规模弧后裂陷、古新世-始新世极热和渐新世初大降温、哺乳动物和被子植物大辐射等,因此,建立中国古近纪构造-地层区划及地层对比格架,是进一步深入研究古近纪时期地球表层岩石圈-水圈-大气圈-生物圈等多圈层耦合演化的基石,意义十分重大.中国古近纪构造-地层区划主要反映古近纪阶段中国范围内的构造-地层的一级和二级单元的划分与各单元内的主要盆地构造背景与分布特征.本次通过对中国古近纪大地构造、沉积盆地(群)、火山岩、隆起带和大型变形构造等的综合研究,共厘定出一级构造-地层单元(大区)10个,二级构造-地层单元27个(区),包含各类沉积盆地129个.通过对各个地层分区内盆地的盆地类型、构造控制背景、沉积序列及地层接触关系的研究,建立了中国古近纪地层对比格架,并对中国古近纪时期沉积-构造耦合历史进行了系统总结.

覆盖区地质调查中的盆山构造地貌关系研究:以东天山-吐哈盆地为例

西北地区中-新生代以来发育系列断陷盆地,盆地内的覆盖层结构及其与周缘造山带之间的盆山构造地貌关系是研究大陆动力学的基础性问题.在覆盖区地质调查工作中,利用地质学、地球物理学、地球化学、钻探等多种方法手段,可以对覆盖区盆地的结构形态、盆地边界构造属性、沉积物分布特征、沉积过程的源汇体系进行系统的分析研究,帮助深入理解覆盖区的沉积过程、山脉隆升剥露过程以及构造地貌演化过程.基于新疆吐哈盆地覆盖区的地质调查工作,本研究提出并实践了在覆盖区开展盆山构造地貌关系研究的技术方法体系.通过野外地质调查和室内测试分析,结合重力、航磁、地震等地球物理勘探方法以及钻孔岩心分析,系统分析和探讨了哈密盆地中-新生代覆盖层三维结构、控盆控貌构造及源汇系统,建立了研究区与相邻造山带之间的盆山耦合关系及构造地貌演化过程,为覆盖区地质调查过程中开展盆山构造地貌过程的研究提供了示范.

洋板块地层在造山带构造-地层区划中的应用

自元古宙以来地球表面洋陆位置不断变化,洋的面积总比陆地面积大.分布于大陆造山带区的古缝合带是古大洋或古大陆边缘小洋盆消亡的残迹,是洋板块地层研究的主要对象.针对占中国陆域3/5面积的造山带洋板块地层分布区,提出一级(称"构造-地层大区")和二级(称"构造-地层区")构造-地层的区划准则.将洋板块地层分为对接带型和叠接带型两大类,分别对应于构造-地层大区和构造地层区.对接带型以含N-MORB型蛇绿岩为标志,是古大洋消亡的残迹;叠接带型以含SSZ型蛇绿岩为标志,是古大陆边缘小洋盆消亡的残迹.对接带内的洋脊(蛇绿岩)、洋岛海山、洋内弧等亚型建造因卷入俯冲带内被肢解,多数呈残缺不全的岩块包裹在强烈构造剪切形变的远洋细碎屑和海沟浊积岩建造(称为基质)之中,呈俯冲增生杂岩带展布,对应于构造-地层区;对某些形体巨大的亚类(巨大的洋岛海山、裂离地块、大面积的深海平原硅质岩等建造),进入海沟俯冲带内很难被完全肢解,呈逆(仰)冲地质体大面积分布,可归为构造-地层区.叠接带型可进一步划分出与弧前盆地、火山弧(含弧间和弧背盆地建造)和弧后盆地等二级构造-地层区划单元.

论断代构造-地层区划的原则与方法:以中国寒武纪构造-地层区划为例

基础地质调查的首项任务就是查清不同构造-地层区划单元内的地层层序和时代.因此,开展构造-地层区划和建立地层格架,是矿产能源、水文环境和工程地质等工作不可缺少的一项奠基性工作.本文强调构造、沉积和气候环境等对地层发育的主控作用,并提出断代构造-地层区划定义为:是指对一个国家或地区某一地质发展阶段(如新元古代,寒武纪等)内形成的地层,通过对其形成的构造环境、沉积和气候环境、岩石组合、古生物组合、地球物理和地球化学特征等记录的综合调查分析对比后,所进行的地层地理分布划分.根据新含义,本文以中国寒武纪构造-地层区划为实例,拟定出构造-地层区划的主要依据是:全球洋陆重建分布、地层建造大类、基底和盖层地层序列和洋陆转化时间、地层序列完整性与接触关系、地层岩性岩相序列对比、造山带对接缝合带洋板块地层分布与特征、造山带叠接缝合带洋板块地层分布与特征、生物古地理区系、构造-岩相古地理格局、古气候分区、区划边界11条识别标志.

中国新近纪构造-地层区划及地层格架

新近纪是中国地貌地形和气候环境格局最终奠定的关键时期,如青藏高原强烈抬升和现代高原地貌最终成型、中国南海海盆扩张结束、东亚现今大型水系格局最终建立、中国西高东低的地势最终确立以及东亚季风系统开始形成并逐渐增强.通过对中国新近纪大地构造、沉积盆地(群)、火山岩、隆起带和大型变形构造等的综合研究,共厘定一级构造-地层单元(大区)10个,二级构造-地层单元27个(区),包含各类沉积盆地94个.通过综合各个地层分区内盆地的盆地类型、沉积序列、沉积时代及地层接触关系的研究,重新厘定了中国新近纪岩石地层对比格架,并对中国新近纪时期沉积-构造-气候耦合历史进行了系统总结.

基于UML和Petri网的多层反导协同作战任务规划概念建模

界定了多层反导协同作战任务规划的内涵,在分析多层反导协同作战任务规划的对象、功能及流程的基础上,建立了多层反导协同作战任务规划的UML用例图、类图、时序图和活动图,并采用Petri网方法,对基于UML的多层反导协同作战任务规划概念模型进行了分析验证。

柴达木盆地北缘古-新近纪河湖相沉积物颜色的气候意义

柴达木盆地厚达万米的新生代沉积物记录了青藏高原东北部隆升和古气候变化信息.本文基于盆地北缘大红沟剖面高分辨率的磁极性年代标尺,对该剖面古‒新近纪河湖相沉积物进行了颜色测量,首次获得了柴达木盆地长时间尺度(52~7 Ma)的色度参数变化序列.在此基础上,综合沉积相与区域构造和古气候记录,探讨了影响河湖相沉积物颜色参数的因素及柴达木盆地古‒新近纪的气候演变.结果表明,大红沟剖面沉积物颜色的变化与全球温度变化趋势基本一致,说明温度是影响颜色参数,特别是红度(a*)的主要因素;沉积相变化,尤其是水面上、下的氧化‒还原环境变化对颜色参数也有重要影响.根据色度参数在时间标尺上的变化,将柴达木盆地的气候变化划分为8个阶段:(a)52.0~44.2 Ma湿热,(b)44.2~33.7 Ma在干湿波动中逐渐变干,(c)33.7~27.1 Ma进一步变干,(d)27.1~19.7 Ma逐渐变湿,(e)19.7~17.0 Ma较干旱,(f)17.0~13.3 Ma气候湿润,(g)13.3~9.5 Ma快速变干,(h)9.5~7.0 Ma进一步变干旱.影响柴达木盆地古‒新近纪气候变化的主要因素包括全球温度、副特提斯海、青藏高原构造隆升和东亚夏季风.

Paleogene-Neogene stratigraphic realm and sedimentary sequence of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their response to uplift of the plateau

Based on the data of 1:250000 geological mapping completed by CGS and the previous literature of the Cenozoic strata, 98 remnant basins and 5 stratigraphic realms with 13 stratigraphic subrealms have been recognized on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent area. Through the research of the types of remnant basins, tectonic setting, stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary characteristics, contact relationship between the strata, the formation time and evolution history of sediments, we divided the uplift process and sedimentary response of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into 3 stages and 8 sub-stages, namely, subduction-collision uplift stage (65-34 Ma) with three sub-stages, intercontinental convergence and compressive uplift stage (34-13 Ma) with three sub-stages, and intercontinental isostatic adjustment uplift stage (since 13 Ma) with two sub-stages.

High-resolution carbon isotope record for the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum from the Nanyang Basin,Central China

古新始新世的热最大值(PETM ) 是全球温暖的一个短暂事件，与发生在古新 / 始新世的边界的巨大的大气的温室气体输入联系了。Biostratigraphic 和同位素 stratigraphic 研究显示 PETM 事件很好在 Nanyang 盆在 Yuhuangding 节的泥土存款被记录，华中，与碳同位素，在 19-m-thick 泥土以内的锝 ?.1 鈥 ? 的否定旅行扔。这是到目前为止在世界上发现的 PETM 的最高的分辨率记录。PETM 事件在 2-cm-thick 泥土沉积以内被触发，与未 1 3C (稳定的碳同位素比率) 从的减少 ? 3.2 鈥 ? 到 ? 5.2 鈥吗？为是的一个短暂时期建议一个巨大的甲烷水合物版本可能由一个灾难的事件引起了。在海洋、陆上的记录之间的比较为 PETM 事件显示鈥淭h ree 阶段模型鈥 ? 。开始在未 1 3C 记录有一次快速的否定旅行，由一个慢慢地减少的趋势，然后渐渐的积极恢复列在后面，相应分别地到海洋的甲烷水合物的快速的分离，由甲烷然后释放甲烷的消费的一个慢版本列在后面。