Aggregation of species with similar ecological properties is one of the effective methods to simplify food web researches.However,species aggregation will affect not only the complexity of modeling process but also th...Aggregation of species with similar ecological properties is one of the effective methods to simplify food web researches.However,species aggregation will affect not only the complexity of modeling process but also the accuracy of models’outputs.Selection of aggregation methods and the number of trophospecies are the keys to study the simplification of food web.In this study,three aggregation methods,including taxonomic aggregation(TA),structural equivalence aggregation(SEA),and self-organizing maps(SOM),were analyzed and compared with the linear inverse model–Markov Chain Monte Carlo(LIM-MCMC)model.Impacts of aggregation methods and trophospecies number on food webs were evaluated based on the robustness and unitless of ecological net-work indices.Results showed that aggregation method of SEA performed better than the other two methods in estimating food web structure and function indices.The effects of aggregation methods were driven by the differences in species aggregation principles,which will alter food web structure and function through the redistribution of energy flow.According to the results of mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)which can be applied to evaluate the accuracy of the model,we found that MAPE in food web indices will increase with the reducing trophospecies number,and MAPE in food web function indices were smaller and more stable than those in food web structure indices.Therefore,trade-off between simplifying food webs and reflecting the status of ecosystem should be con-sidered in food web studies.These findings highlight the importance of aggregation methods and trophospecies number in the analy-sis of food web simplification.This study provided a framework to explore the extent to which food web models are affected by dif-ferent species aggregation,and will provide scientific basis for the construction of food webs.展开更多
One isolate of Brachiomonas submarina was tested for its ability to grow heterotrophicly on 5 different organic compounds. Sodium acetate and glucose were found to be effective in supporting the growth. Sodium acetate...One isolate of Brachiomonas submarina was tested for its ability to grow heterotrophicly on 5 different organic compounds. Sodium acetate and glucose were found to be effective in supporting the growth. Sodium acetate was chosen as the organic nutrient to test the combined effects of organic and inorganic solutions on the growth and fatty acid composition of Brachiomonas submarina. The best growth rates were achieved at 3 mmol L -1 CH 3COONa and 0.88 mmol L -1 NaNO 3 in heterotrophic condition, and 4 mmol L -1 CH 3COONa and 3.52 mmol L -1 NaNO 3 in mixotrophic condition. The differences between fatty acid contents were significant. The total polyunsaturated fatty acids (T.P.U.F.As) varied from 55.79% to 67.72% in heteritrophic growth and from 52.39% to 65.55% in mixotrophic growth. It is concluded that CH 3COONa and NaNO 3 at 3 mmol L -1 and 3.52 mmol L -1 should respectively be used in order to achieve the highest growth rate and fatty acid content.展开更多
基于2013—2022年春季和秋季在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的渔业资源调查数据,综合考虑鱼类的种类组成、耐受程度、营养结构、繁殖习性等生态参数和属性,采用鱼类生物完整性指数(Fish-index of biotic integrity,F-IBI),评价了海州湾生态...基于2013—2022年春季和秋季在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的渔业资源调查数据,综合考虑鱼类的种类组成、耐受程度、营养结构、繁殖习性等生态参数和属性,采用鱼类生物完整性指数(Fish-index of biotic integrity,F-IBI),评价了海州湾生态系统健康状况及其变化趋势。结果表明,海州湾春季和秋季的鱼类生物完整性指数各保留8个评价指标。海州湾春季和秋季的F-IBI得分分别为18~51和24~54。从健康等级来看,春季海州湾生态系统基本在“一般”及以上水平,秋季海州湾则在“一般”上下波动。总体上,春季海州湾生态系统的健康状况较好,鱼类生物完整性指数在波动中呈逐渐下降的趋势。整体来看,海州湾鱼类资源状况不佳,高耐污鱼类和杂食性鱼类所占比例有所增加,渔业资源承受过度捕捞、气候变化等多方面的压力,亟须采取科学有效的措施保护和修复海州湾的渔业资源及生态系统。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2019YFD0901204,2019YFD 0901205).
文摘Aggregation of species with similar ecological properties is one of the effective methods to simplify food web researches.However,species aggregation will affect not only the complexity of modeling process but also the accuracy of models’outputs.Selection of aggregation methods and the number of trophospecies are the keys to study the simplification of food web.In this study,three aggregation methods,including taxonomic aggregation(TA),structural equivalence aggregation(SEA),and self-organizing maps(SOM),were analyzed and compared with the linear inverse model–Markov Chain Monte Carlo(LIM-MCMC)model.Impacts of aggregation methods and trophospecies number on food webs were evaluated based on the robustness and unitless of ecological net-work indices.Results showed that aggregation method of SEA performed better than the other two methods in estimating food web structure and function indices.The effects of aggregation methods were driven by the differences in species aggregation principles,which will alter food web structure and function through the redistribution of energy flow.According to the results of mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)which can be applied to evaluate the accuracy of the model,we found that MAPE in food web indices will increase with the reducing trophospecies number,and MAPE in food web function indices were smaller and more stable than those in food web structure indices.Therefore,trade-off between simplifying food webs and reflecting the status of ecosystem should be con-sidered in food web studies.These findings highlight the importance of aggregation methods and trophospecies number in the analy-sis of food web simplification.This study provided a framework to explore the extent to which food web models are affected by dif-ferent species aggregation,and will provide scientific basis for the construction of food webs.
文摘One isolate of Brachiomonas submarina was tested for its ability to grow heterotrophicly on 5 different organic compounds. Sodium acetate and glucose were found to be effective in supporting the growth. Sodium acetate was chosen as the organic nutrient to test the combined effects of organic and inorganic solutions on the growth and fatty acid composition of Brachiomonas submarina. The best growth rates were achieved at 3 mmol L -1 CH 3COONa and 0.88 mmol L -1 NaNO 3 in heterotrophic condition, and 4 mmol L -1 CH 3COONa and 3.52 mmol L -1 NaNO 3 in mixotrophic condition. The differences between fatty acid contents were significant. The total polyunsaturated fatty acids (T.P.U.F.As) varied from 55.79% to 67.72% in heteritrophic growth and from 52.39% to 65.55% in mixotrophic growth. It is concluded that CH 3COONa and NaNO 3 at 3 mmol L -1 and 3.52 mmol L -1 should respectively be used in order to achieve the highest growth rate and fatty acid content.
文摘基于2013—2022年春季和秋季在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的渔业资源调查数据,综合考虑鱼类的种类组成、耐受程度、营养结构、繁殖习性等生态参数和属性,采用鱼类生物完整性指数(Fish-index of biotic integrity,F-IBI),评价了海州湾生态系统健康状况及其变化趋势。结果表明,海州湾春季和秋季的鱼类生物完整性指数各保留8个评价指标。海州湾春季和秋季的F-IBI得分分别为18~51和24~54。从健康等级来看,春季海州湾生态系统基本在“一般”及以上水平,秋季海州湾则在“一般”上下波动。总体上,春季海州湾生态系统的健康状况较好,鱼类生物完整性指数在波动中呈逐渐下降的趋势。整体来看,海州湾鱼类资源状况不佳,高耐污鱼类和杂食性鱼类所占比例有所增加,渔业资源承受过度捕捞、气候变化等多方面的压力,亟须采取科学有效的措施保护和修复海州湾的渔业资源及生态系统。
