Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, ...Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-based batteries(AZB s)attract tremendous attention due to the abundant and rechargeable zinc anode.Nonetheless,the requirement of high energy and power densities raises great challenge for the cathode dev...Aqueous zinc-based batteries(AZB s)attract tremendous attention due to the abundant and rechargeable zinc anode.Nonetheless,the requirement of high energy and power densities raises great challenge for the cathode development.Herein we construct an aqueous zinc ion capacitor possessing an unrivaled combination of high energy and power characteristics by employing a unique dual-ion adsorption mechanism in the cathode side.Through a templating/activating co-assisted carbonization procedure,a routine protein-rich biomass transforms into defect-rich carbon with immense surface area of 3657.5 m^(2) g^(-1) and electrochemically active heteroatom content of 8.0 at%.Comprehensive characterization and DFT calculations reveal that the obtained carbon cathode exhibits capacitive charge adsorptions toward both the cations and anions,which regularly occur at the specific sites of heteroatom moieties and lattice defects upon different depths of discharge/charge.The dual-ion adsorption mechanism endows the assembled cells with maximum capacity of 257 mAh g^(-1) and retention of72 mAh g^(-1) at ultrahigh current density of 100 A g^(-1)(400 C),corresponding to the outstanding energy and power of 168 Wh kg^(-1)and 61,700 W kg^(-1).Furthermore,practical battery configurations of solid-state pouch and cable-type cells display excellent reliability in electrochemistry as flexible and knittable power sources.展开更多
Rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs)have attracted much attention as the next-generation energy conversion and storage devices due to the abundance and environmental friendliness of zinc(Zn)for anode materials,as wel...Rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs)have attracted much attention as the next-generation energy conversion and storage devices due to the abundance and environmental friendliness of zinc(Zn)for anode materials,as well as the safety and low cost of aqueous electrolytes.However,rational design of nonprecious and low-cost integrated air cathode materials with a desirable bifunctional oxygen electrocatalytic performance remains a great challenge for the commercialization of rechargeable ZABs.In previous research studies,various cost-effective carbon-supported electrocatalysts and light-weight carbon-based current collectors for air cathodes have been developed,showing vast potential in the application of carbon-based materials.To improve the bifunctional performance and integration of air cathodes,efforts with respect to the design of morphology,defects,and synergistic effects of carbon-based materials have been made.In this perspective,the general understanding of the air cathode construction and the battery working mechanism is discussed.The recent progress in the design of carbon-based materials for air cathodes in rechargeable ZABs is summarized.Several possible future research directions and the expected development trends are also discussed,aiming to facilitate the commercialization of advanced rechargeable ZABs in our life.展开更多
Sustainable ammonia synthesis at ambient conditions that relies on renewable sources of energy and feedstocks is globally sought to replace the Haber-Bosch process.Here,using nitrogen and water as raw materials,a nont...Sustainable ammonia synthesis at ambient conditions that relies on renewable sources of energy and feedstocks is globally sought to replace the Haber-Bosch process.Here,using nitrogen and water as raw materials,a nonthermal plasma catalysis approach is demonstrated as an effective powerto-chemicals conversion strategy for ammonia production.By sustaining a highly reactive environment,successful plasma-catalytic production of NH_(3) was achieved from the dissociation of N_(2) and H_(2)O under mild conditions.Plasma-induced vibrational excitation is found to decrease the N_(2) and H_(2)O dissociation barriers,with the presence of matched catalysts in the nonthermal plasma discharge reactor contributing significantly to molecular dissociation on the catalyst surface.Density functional theory calculations for the activation energy barrier for the dissociation suggest that ruthenium catalysts supported on magnesium oxide exhibit superior performance over other catalysts in NH_(3) production by lowering the activation energy for the dissociative adsorption of N_(2) down to 1.07 eV.The highest production rate,2.67 mmol gcat.^(-1) h^(-1),was obtained using ruthenium catalyst supported on magnesium oxide.This work highlights the potential of nonthermal plasma catalysis for the activation of renewable sources to serve as a new platform for sustainable ammonia production.展开更多
Alkali metal-carbon dioxide(Li/Na/K-CO_(2))batteries are emerging electrochemical energy storage technologies in the context of the energy crisis and the urgent demand for carbon neutrality.Alkali metal-CO_(2) batteri...Alkali metal-carbon dioxide(Li/Na/K-CO_(2))batteries are emerging electrochemical energy storage technologies in the context of the energy crisis and the urgent demand for carbon neutrality.Alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries offer a new strategy for CO_(2) fixation and utilization,and thus has been receiving considerable attention in recent years.Considerable progress has been achieved since alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries were invented,especially in terms of development of new electrode materials,and yet,research is lacking on the underlying mechanisms of the systems.This is the first typical review focusing on the electrochemical mechanisms of metal-CO_(2) batteries that summarizes the current understanding of and provides insights into the thermodynamic reaction pathways,the kinetic characteristics,and the crucial factors determining the reaction mechanisms in alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries.The review starts with the fundamental concepts of alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries,followed by a comprehensive discussion of the working mechanisms on cathodes and anodes.Moreover,the operation mechanisms of state-of-the-art electrolytes,including liquid and(quasi-)solid-state electrolytes,are also described.Finally,we identify the unsolved problems in current alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries and propose potential topics for future research.展开更多
文摘Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52072257)the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.:2019YFE0118800)+2 种基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangdong Province(No.U1601216)the support from the Shandong Provincial Key R&D Plan and the Public Welfare Special Program,China(2019GGX102038)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.201822008 and 201941010)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-based batteries(AZB s)attract tremendous attention due to the abundant and rechargeable zinc anode.Nonetheless,the requirement of high energy and power densities raises great challenge for the cathode development.Herein we construct an aqueous zinc ion capacitor possessing an unrivaled combination of high energy and power characteristics by employing a unique dual-ion adsorption mechanism in the cathode side.Through a templating/activating co-assisted carbonization procedure,a routine protein-rich biomass transforms into defect-rich carbon with immense surface area of 3657.5 m^(2) g^(-1) and electrochemically active heteroatom content of 8.0 at%.Comprehensive characterization and DFT calculations reveal that the obtained carbon cathode exhibits capacitive charge adsorptions toward both the cations and anions,which regularly occur at the specific sites of heteroatom moieties and lattice defects upon different depths of discharge/charge.The dual-ion adsorption mechanism endows the assembled cells with maximum capacity of 257 mAh g^(-1) and retention of72 mAh g^(-1) at ultrahigh current density of 100 A g^(-1)(400 C),corresponding to the outstanding energy and power of 168 Wh kg^(-1)and 61,700 W kg^(-1).Furthermore,practical battery configurations of solid-state pouch and cable-type cells display excellent reliability in electrochemistry as flexible and knittable power sources.
基金This study was supported by the National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholar(51722403)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51771134)+2 种基金Tianjin Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar(18JCJQJC46500)National Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangdong Province(U1601216)the National Youth Talent Support Program.
文摘Rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs)have attracted much attention as the next-generation energy conversion and storage devices due to the abundance and environmental friendliness of zinc(Zn)for anode materials,as well as the safety and low cost of aqueous electrolytes.However,rational design of nonprecious and low-cost integrated air cathode materials with a desirable bifunctional oxygen electrocatalytic performance remains a great challenge for the commercialization of rechargeable ZABs.In previous research studies,various cost-effective carbon-supported electrocatalysts and light-weight carbon-based current collectors for air cathodes have been developed,showing vast potential in the application of carbon-based materials.To improve the bifunctional performance and integration of air cathodes,efforts with respect to the design of morphology,defects,and synergistic effects of carbon-based materials have been made.In this perspective,the general understanding of the air cathode construction and the battery working mechanism is discussed.The recent progress in the design of carbon-based materials for air cathodes in rechargeable ZABs is summarized.Several possible future research directions and the expected development trends are also discussed,aiming to facilitate the commercialization of advanced rechargeable ZABs in our life.
基金partially supported by the Australian Research Council(ARC)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(grant number 51925703)。
文摘Sustainable ammonia synthesis at ambient conditions that relies on renewable sources of energy and feedstocks is globally sought to replace the Haber-Bosch process.Here,using nitrogen and water as raw materials,a nonthermal plasma catalysis approach is demonstrated as an effective powerto-chemicals conversion strategy for ammonia production.By sustaining a highly reactive environment,successful plasma-catalytic production of NH_(3) was achieved from the dissociation of N_(2) and H_(2)O under mild conditions.Plasma-induced vibrational excitation is found to decrease the N_(2) and H_(2)O dissociation barriers,with the presence of matched catalysts in the nonthermal plasma discharge reactor contributing significantly to molecular dissociation on the catalyst surface.Density functional theory calculations for the activation energy barrier for the dissociation suggest that ruthenium catalysts supported on magnesium oxide exhibit superior performance over other catalysts in NH_(3) production by lowering the activation energy for the dissociative adsorption of N_(2) down to 1.07 eV.The highest production rate,2.67 mmol gcat.^(-1) h^(-1),was obtained using ruthenium catalyst supported on magnesium oxide.This work highlights the potential of nonthermal plasma catalysis for the activation of renewable sources to serve as a new platform for sustainable ammonia production.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52072257)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFE0118800).
文摘Alkali metal-carbon dioxide(Li/Na/K-CO_(2))batteries are emerging electrochemical energy storage technologies in the context of the energy crisis and the urgent demand for carbon neutrality.Alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries offer a new strategy for CO_(2) fixation and utilization,and thus has been receiving considerable attention in recent years.Considerable progress has been achieved since alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries were invented,especially in terms of development of new electrode materials,and yet,research is lacking on the underlying mechanisms of the systems.This is the first typical review focusing on the electrochemical mechanisms of metal-CO_(2) batteries that summarizes the current understanding of and provides insights into the thermodynamic reaction pathways,the kinetic characteristics,and the crucial factors determining the reaction mechanisms in alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries.The review starts with the fundamental concepts of alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries,followed by a comprehensive discussion of the working mechanisms on cathodes and anodes.Moreover,the operation mechanisms of state-of-the-art electrolytes,including liquid and(quasi-)solid-state electrolytes,are also described.Finally,we identify the unsolved problems in current alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries and propose potential topics for future research.
