超声波流量计对掺氢天然气管路结构的适应性研究

氢气作为全球脱碳目标的重要载体,输送量是限制其大规模应用的主要瓶颈。掺氢天然气是实现大流量输送氢气的一种重要途径。氢气的掺入导致流速畸变,降低超声波流量计的性能。以掺入氢气的甲烷为主要工质,对8种类型掺混管路内部的气体流动状态进行模拟仿真研究,分析流场内气体速度和氢气浓度的分布状态;并对超声波流量计的适应性进行分析,确定其推荐安装位置。在超声流量计的适应性分析中,三匝螺旋管时仅需15D;对于单螺旋结合变径管的适应性影响更大,最小需要96D。通过比较,掺混管路C为最佳模型,掺混均匀时的氢气摩尔分数约为3.9%。可为超声波流量计在掺氢天然气准确计量方面提供参考。

重载铁路通信安全生产管理系统研究

当前重载铁路通信设备生产作业过程存在自动化手段缺乏、标准化程度低、计划性差、漏检漏修等问题,已影响到生产作业的安全和效率。研究提出基于自动化检修计划的安全生产管理系统,系统由数据标准化、计划管理、执行管理、安全管理组成。通过数据标准化将检修对象、检修项目、检修人员信息标准化,结合预设规则并基于线性规划的自动编制算法编制合理的检修计划,通过各环节卡控进行执行管理,安全管理通过完成统计情况指导编表会,对检修问题跟踪克缺。安全生产管理系统的应用,在优化办公手段和减小生产安全风险的基础上,实现从传统管理模式到信息化管理模式的转变、通信检维修作业和施工作业的标准化,安全生产管理的规范化,有助于铁路企业实现降本增效。

“新工科”背景下高校开展学科竞赛的探索

为了发挥学科竞赛在培养“新工科”创新型卓越人才中的促进作用,从参赛管理、参赛动员、参加竞赛和赛后总结等4个方面对高校的学科竞赛工作进行了研究,同时对学科竞赛的实践过程进行了探讨。结果表明:高校参与学科竞赛活动,有利于学生提高科学研究能力和就业竞争力,有利于学生进一步深造。

天然气掺氢在管道流动中的氢浓度分布

天然气掺氢是解决氢气产地与使用地不匹配,进而实现氢气大规模、远距离输送的主要方法。由于氢气的存在会导致在役天然气管道出现氢脆引起安全事故。所以,研究天然气掺氢管路中氢气组分、速度、聚集的规律分析十分必要。本文选用天然气和氢气两种工质,构建T型掺混管路模型和变径管路模型;并基于Fluent软件对T型掺混管路和10种变径掺混管路进行数值模拟研究。结果表明,对于T型掺混管路,在管长是管径35倍处内依然有明显分层,宽度占据1/3管径。对于变径掺混管路,发现变径越靠近掺混中心、直径越窄、高度越低越容易发生氢气富集,氢气摩尔分数最高达到50%~60%,易引起管道的氢脆。研究结果可对天然气掺氢在管道中流动的氢浓度分布和管道变径选取提供参考。

天然气随动掺氢技术研究进展

氢气是一种零排放的二次能源,是实现“双碳”目标的重要能源之一。采用在役天然气管道或管网输送掺氢天然气,是实现氢气大规模输送的有效方式。精确控制进入输送系统的掺氢比例对系统安全运行具有重要意义。本文介绍了电气式和机械式随动掺氢系统的结构与原理;分析了红外吸收型、热传导型、半导体型浓度传感器和相应的综合测量系统在掺氢比动态调整中的应用;重点评述了目前3个重要在役天然气掺氢示范项目中随动掺氢系统的组成和运行结果;基于工程实践经验展望了天然气掺氢技术的发展趋势。

Efficiency Analysis of an Arrayed Liquid Piston Isothermal Air Compression System for Compressed Air Energy Storage

Compressed air energy storage(CAES)is an important technology in the development of renewable energy.The main advantages of CAES are its high energy capacity and environmental friendliness.One of the main challenges is its low energy density,meaning a natural cavern is required for air storage.High-pressure air compression can effectively solve the problem.A liquid piston gas compressor facilitates high-pressure compression,and efficient convective heat transfer can significantly reduce the compression energy consumption during air compression.In this paper,a near isothermal compression method is proposed to increase the surface area and heat exchange by using multiple tube bundles in parallel in the compression chamber in order to obtain high-pressure air using liquid-driven compression.Air compression with a compression ratio of 6.25:1 is achieved by reducing the tube diameter and increasing the parallel tube number while keeping the compression chamber cross-sectional area constant in order to obtain a high-pressure air of 5 MPa.The performances of this system are analyzed when different numbers of tubes are applied.A system compression efficiency of 93.0%and an expansion efficiency of 92.9%can be achieved when 1000 tubes are applied at a 1 minute period.A new approach is provided in this study to achieve high efficiency and high pressure compressed air energy storage.

Energy conversion characteristics of reciprocating piston quasi- isothermal compression systems using water sprays

Air compressors are vital and have numerous industrial applications. Approximately 8% of the annual operating electricity consumption in industrial countries is constituted by due to the use of air compressors. Because the poor heat transfer to the environment in the rapid compression process, the compression is non-isothermal, the efficiency of compressors is restricted. To improve their efficiency and achieve isothermal compression, this study proposes energy conversion reciprocating piston quasiisothermal compression using a water spray. First, a mathematical model of a reciprocating piston compressor with water sprays was established. Through experimental investigation and simulations, the mathematical model was validated. The energy conversion characteristics of the reciprocating piston compressor were then studied. To reduce compression power and enhance compression efficiency, it was first discovered that the critical parameters were the input pressure of the driving chamber, water spray mass, and compression volume ratio, which were then evaluated thoroughly. The higher the inlet pressure of the driving chamber, the faster the air compression velocity. Additionally, the compression efficiency was elevated as the water spray mass was gradually increased for a given compression volume ratio. When the compression volume ratio was increased from 2 to 3,the compression power increased from 172.7 J/stroke to 294.2 J/stroke and the compression efficiency was enhanced from 37.3%(adiabatic) to 80.6%. This research and its performance analysis can be referred to during the parameter design optimisation of reciprocating piston quasi-isothermal compression systems using water sprays.

天然气掺氢输送系统氢脆研究进展

天然气掺氢输送不仅能够有效解决弃风弃光、减少温室气体排放问题,还能够实现大规模、低成本的氢气输送,也是实现“双碳”目标的重要方式,但掺入氢气会对现有天然气管道系统及相关输送设备带来氢脆危险。基于天然气掺氢输送系统的结构组成,归纳了氢脆发生的机理,调研了天然气掺氢输送系统的管道及焊缝、阀门、压缩装置、存储装置、终端装置等发生氢脆的研究现状,概述了防止氢脆发生的应对措施,并对天然气掺氢输送系统的发展前景进行了展望。研究结果可为中国天然气掺氢输送的规模化与市场化发展、提高管道输氢技术与装备的研发水平提供参考,促进氢经济的安全发展。