烤烟生产投入间接碳排放分析——以湖北省恩施州烟区为例

以湖北省恩施州烟区为例,通过生产调研与数据统计,对烤烟不同生产阶段(育苗期、大田生长期和采后烘烤期)以及整个生产过程的间接碳排放量进行了核算。结果表明:烤烟生产过程中主要碳源的碳排放量表现为烘烤能源>电力>农膜和肥料>农药、机械油耗和人工;采后烘烤期的碳排放量最大,大田生长期的次之,育苗期的最小;在大田生长期,不同肥力和不同种植规模烟田的碳排放总量有所差异,其中由肥料产生的碳排放量占总碳排放量的比例最大;按照烤房类型划分,烤烟整个生产过程的间接碳排放量表现为燃煤型烤房(5167.80 kg C/hm^(2))>生物质能源型烤房(2256.75 kg C/hm^(2))。恩施州烤烟生产中间接碳排放的主要影响因素为烘烤能源、电力,其次为农膜和肥料。因此,用生物质燃料全面替代煤炭作为烘烤能源是烤烟生产减少碳排放的重要途径。

中国高级定制服装的民族性设计的指向分析

[研究方法]文章选取三种具有中国传统民族性的服装设计元素--苏绣、传统纹样元素和"水墨"元素进行高级定制服装的民族性设计,在结合中国高级定制服装设计师的优秀作品的同时,举出反例,来分析如何恰当的运用这些民族性元素来设计出优秀的民族性作品。[研究意义]研究意义在于分析出民族性对于高级定制服装设计的重要性和对待民族性设计的态度,以及在设计中如何将现代时尚和民族性设计更好的融合。[研究结果与结论]研究表明,对于中国本土的高级定制服装设计师而言,注重中国传统文化是十分重要的。若想设计出优秀的具有民族性的服装,不仅需要深刻透彻的理解中国传统艺术的文化内涵,将其文化内涵融入在服装设计灵感中,与并且能适度的运用传统元素在设计里。另外,在传承的同时也要注重创新,在传统的手工艺或图案的基础上,恰当的加入西方现代设计元素,可以给民族性服装注入新的灵魂,走具有独特东方魅力的高级定制服装的民族性设计道路。

Vapour-phase O-methylation of Catechol with Methanol on Ti-containing Phosphate Catalysts

Ti-containing phosphate(Ti-P-O) catalysts with different molar ratios of P to Ti(0—2.0) were synthesized and characterized by XRD, N_ 2 -adsorption/desorption, IR and temperature-programmed desorption(TPD) methods. The catalytic properties of Ti-P-O samples in the vapor-phase O-methylation of catechol with methanol were also studied. The catechol conversion increases with the increase of the molar ratio of P to Ti in a range of 0—0.33, while a further increase in the P content leads to a decrease of the catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the selectivities of the catalysts to the main product(guaiacol) increase gradually with the increase of the molar ratio of P to Ti. The presence of relatively strong Lewis acidic and/or basic sites in the P-free catalyst should be responsible for the formation of C-alkylation products. The weak acid-base characteristics of the catalysts are favourable for the mono-O-methylation of catechol. In comparison with the Lewis acidic sites, the Brnsted acidic sites on the catalysts are more active for the title reaction.

Copper Promoted Au/ZnO-CuO Catalysts for Low Temperature Water-gas Shift Reaction

Various copper promoted Au/ZnO-CuO catalysts with different atomic ratios of Cu to Zn prepared by means of co-precipitation were tested for the low temperature water-gas shift(WGS) reaction. The catalytic activity of the catalyst depends largely on the ratio of Cu to Zn. The addition of an appropriate amount of copper can considerably improve both the catalytic activity and the stability of the catalyst in comparison with those of copper-free Au/ZnO catalysts. The enhanced reducibility of copper oxide in the Au/ZnO-CuO ternary-component catalysts, which was confirmed by H_ 2 -TPR, may be related to the high activity and stability of the catalyst for the low temperature WGS reaction.

Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon Monolith by Direct Carbonization of Compressed Sucrose/Silica Composite

Mesoporous carbon monolith was synthesized by the direct carbonization of compressed sucrose/silica composite,which was prepared by using sol-gel method. The structural and textural properties of the materials were investigated by XRD,DRIFT,N2-adsorption and SEM. The characterization study shows that the resultant carbon monolith possesses a relatively high surface area,large pore volume and well interconnected pore system. Addition of a certain amount of citric acid or aluminum nitrate into the sol-gel precursor of sucrose/silica composite could consi-derably change the structure parameters of the carbon monolith.

基于FPGA的FTIR光谱仪采集系统的设计

为了满足人们对于食品药品安全检测快速便携的需要,团队设计一种高速便携,延时低、精度高的新型FTIR光谱仪。光谱采集系统分为上位机和下位机2部分,系统的上位机软件设计是采用跨平台的C++图形用户界面应用程序,该框架(QT Creator)是由编程实现的,下位机的光电部分采用了MEMS微镜使仪器小型化,而下位机采集部分控制主板使用了ZYBO。使用了DAC驱动动镜移动以及ADC用于参考光和样本光数据的同步采集,进而利用多个串口实现了与上位机的完成指令控制以及采集数据传输。低波特率串口用于接收上位机控制指令。2个高波特率串口发送FIFO缓存的光谱数据。经试验验证采集系统的ADC、DAC及UART的时序控制满足了高速高效的需求。但是在便携上可进一步提高,下一步考虑通过利用Linux将上位机部分移植ZYBO内。采集控制设计完全使用了verilog代码进行了仿真与实测,发挥了FPGA的灵活特性,利用例化法提高了采集速率。