2013年河南省乔木林植被碳储量特征

准确评估区域范围内森林生态系统的固碳能力和趋势,系统分析不同森林类型的固碳能力时空异质性,对于实现森林可持续经营和固碳增汇具有重要意义。以河南省第八次森林资源清查数据为基础,运用生物量扩展因子法,研究了河南省乔木林植被的碳储量及碳密度特征。结果表明:2013年河南省乔木林植被碳储量7 422.78万t,其中栎类、杨树2个(组)树种植被碳储量占全省乔木林植被碳储量的67.32%。河南省乔木林植被平均碳密度为24.31 t/hm^2,低于全国平均水平。河南省乔木林以幼、中龄林为主,其植被碳储量分别占全省乔木林植被碳储量的34.09%和40.84%。河南省天然林、人工林植被的碳储量相差不大,分别为3 512.35万t和3 910.43万t;平均碳密度分别为26.72 t/hm^2,22.49 t/hm^2。研究表明河南省乔木林植被,特别是人工林,未来固碳潜力巨大,将会在森林植被碳储量中占有越来越重要的地位。

Soil Organic Carbon Loss under Different Slope Gradients in Loess Hilly Region

Based on field runoff plots observation and sample analysis, the effect of slope gradient on soil organic carbon loss was studied under natural rainfall conditions in loess hilly region. The results showed that with slope gradient increasing （from10° to 30°）, the changing trend of soil erosion intensity （A） was A20°〉A30°〉A15°〉A10°〉A25°, suggesting that slope gradient between 20° and 25° was a critical degree ranger to exist. Soil organic carbon loss was mainly influenced by soil erosion intensity, appearing the same trend as did soil erosion intensity with increasing slope gradient. Soil erosion results in organic carbon enrichment in sediment. Average enrichment ratios of five runoff plots varied from 2.27 to 3.74, and decreased with increasing erosion intensity and slope gradient. The decrease of surface runoff and soil erosion is the key to reduce soil organic carbon loss.

Roy认知适应过程理论在儿科护理学课程中的应用

目的探讨Roy 认知适应过程理论在儿科护理学课程中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法,选择南阳医学高等专科学校2016 级三年制专科护生119 名为试验组,2015 级114 名专科护生为对照组。对照组采用传统教学法,试验组按照Roy 的认知适应过程4 步骤开展教学活动。课程结束后采用高护生学习态度问卷、批判性思维能力测量表评估教学效果。结果课程结束后,试验组护生学习态度问卷总分和各维度得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。课程结束后,试验组护生评判性思维能力总分和各维度得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05)。结论以Roy 认知适应过程理论为理论基础的多种教学方法融入应用于儿科护理学课程的教学中,可以提高护生的学习态度和评判性思维能力,值得在其他护理课程中推广应用。