目的:探讨高强度间歇运动(high-intensity interval training,HIIT)对中年小鼠心肌自噬/线粒体自噬相关蛋白表达和线粒体呼吸功能的影响。方法:12月龄健康雄性ICR小鼠20只,随机分为安静对照组(CON组)和高强度间歇运动组(HIIT组),其中HII...目的:探讨高强度间歇运动(high-intensity interval training,HIIT)对中年小鼠心肌自噬/线粒体自噬相关蛋白表达和线粒体呼吸功能的影响。方法:12月龄健康雄性ICR小鼠20只,随机分为安静对照组(CON组)和高强度间歇运动组(HIIT组),其中HIIT组进行8周高强度间歇运动。末次运动后24小时,提取小鼠心肌组织,采用Western blot检测心肌组织自噬/线粒体自噬相关蛋白表达水平,包括:微管相关蛋白1轻链3(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,LC3)、自噬相关蛋白5(autophagyrelated protein 5,ATG5)、溶酶体关联膜蛋白2 (lysosomal associated membrane protein 2,LAMP2)、线粒体自噬相关蛋白Parkin和BCL2/腺病毒E1B-19kDa相互作用蛋白3样(BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDainteracting protein 3-like,Bnip3L);线粒体标志物细胞色素C氧化酶Ⅳ(cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅣ,COXⅣ)和线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ~Ⅴ(ComplexⅠ~Ⅴ)的蛋白表达水平。结果:8周高强度间歇运动后,与CON组相比,HIIT组心肌组织自噬相关蛋白LC3Ⅱ、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、ATG5、LAMP2表达水平显著升高;线粒体自噬相关蛋白Parkin无显著差异,Bnip3L显著增加;线粒体标志物COXⅣ显著增加;线粒体呼吸链复合物ComplexⅠ表达显著升高。结论:8周HIIT激活了中年小鼠心肌自噬/线粒体自噬信号通路,增加了线粒体数量,改善线粒体呼吸功能。展开更多
The boron-doped type-Ib gem diamond crystals were synthesized successfully by adding amorphous boron into a system of graphite and Kovar catalyst under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT).The effect of additive ...The boron-doped type-Ib gem diamond crystals were synthesized successfully by adding amorphous boron into a system of graphite and Kovar catalyst under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT).The effect of additive boron on type-Ib gem diamond was extensively studied including the growth characteristic,morphology and nitrogen concentration.The synthesized boron-doped type-Ib gem diamond crystals were characterized by optical microscope (OM),scanning electron microscope (SEM) and infrared spectrometer (IR).The results show that the growth region of the {111} face becomes wide,whereas the growth region of the {100} face becomes narrow and nearly disappears as increasing additive boron in the sample.The crystal will be opaque and imperfect,and the concentration of nitrogen will be decreased when the boron atoms are incorporated into gem diamond lattice.These techniques are very important and will be widely applied.展开更多
A growth-type polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) was synthesized under high temperature and high pressure (HPHT). The infiltration technique was used with an Fe55Ni29Co16 (KOV) alloy as the sintering solvent. The m...A growth-type polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) was synthesized under high temperature and high pressure (HPHT). The infiltration technique was used with an Fe55Ni29Co16 (KOV) alloy as the sintering solvent. The morphology and weight ratio of the PDC were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). Note that the KOV alloy evenly infiltrated throughout the polycrystalline diamond (PCD) layer and WC-Co substrate in a short sintering time due to its low viscosity and high soakage capability. A transition layer confirmed the presence of the MxC phase near the interface of the PDC, which can make the diamond layer and WC-Co substrate combine as a complex material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) performed on the PCD layer confirmed the presence of cubic diamond, WC, cubic CoCx, the high temperature cubic phase of α-Co, the alloy phase of FeNix, and no graphite phase. Besides, a surface residual stress of the PCD layer, measured with reasonable accuracy using micro-Raman spectroscopy, is found to be a homogeneous compressive stress with an average value of 0.16 GPa, much lower than that of the powders-mixing method.展开更多
High-quality type-Ib tower-shape diamond single crystals were synthesized in cubic anvil high pressure apparatus (SPD-6×1200) at 5.4 GPa and 1250-1450°C. The (100) face of seed crystal was used as the growth...High-quality type-Ib tower-shape diamond single crystals were synthesized in cubic anvil high pressure apparatus (SPD-6×1200) at 5.4 GPa and 1250-1450°C. The (100) face of seed crystal was used as the growth face, and FeNiMnCo alloy was used as the solvent/catalyst. Two kinds of carbon diffusing fields (type-B and type-G) were simulated by finite element method (FEM). Using the two kinds of carbon diffusing fields, many diamond single crystals were synthesized. The effects of carbon diffusing fields on the crystal quality and β value (the ratio of height to diameter of diamond crystal) were studied. The results show that using type-B diffusing field, considerable inclusions appeared in tower-shape diamond crystals with high β values; however, using type- G diffusing field, inclusions were reduced markedly in high β values tower-shape diamond crystals, and the crystal, up to 0.6 carat in weight and 5.3 mm in size, was synthesized. Experimental phenomena were explained well with the help of the FEM.展开更多
Type Ib diamonds were grown by the temperature gradient method (TGM) at 5.5 GPa and 1500-1560 K in a china-type cubic anvil high pressure apparatus using Ni70Mn25Co5 alloy as solvent/catalyst. The concentration of nit...Type Ib diamonds were grown by the temperature gradient method (TGM) at 5.5 GPa and 1500-1560 K in a china-type cubic anvil high pressure apparatus using Ni70Mn25Co5 alloy as solvent/catalyst. The concentration of nitrogen (CN) in type Ib diamonds synthesized at different synthesis temperatures was measured by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The dependence of CN in diamond on synthesis temperature was studied. For the type Ib diamonds synthesized using Ni70Mn25Co5 as catalyst, its CN decreases along with the increase of synthesis temperature.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨高强度间歇运动(high-intensity interval training,HIIT)对中年小鼠心肌自噬/线粒体自噬相关蛋白表达和线粒体呼吸功能的影响。方法:12月龄健康雄性ICR小鼠20只,随机分为安静对照组(CON组)和高强度间歇运动组(HIIT组),其中HIIT组进行8周高强度间歇运动。末次运动后24小时,提取小鼠心肌组织,采用Western blot检测心肌组织自噬/线粒体自噬相关蛋白表达水平,包括:微管相关蛋白1轻链3(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,LC3)、自噬相关蛋白5(autophagyrelated protein 5,ATG5)、溶酶体关联膜蛋白2 (lysosomal associated membrane protein 2,LAMP2)、线粒体自噬相关蛋白Parkin和BCL2/腺病毒E1B-19kDa相互作用蛋白3样(BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDainteracting protein 3-like,Bnip3L);线粒体标志物细胞色素C氧化酶Ⅳ(cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅣ,COXⅣ)和线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ~Ⅴ(ComplexⅠ~Ⅴ)的蛋白表达水平。结果:8周高强度间歇运动后,与CON组相比,HIIT组心肌组织自噬相关蛋白LC3Ⅱ、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、ATG5、LAMP2表达水平显著升高;线粒体自噬相关蛋白Parkin无显著差异,Bnip3L显著增加;线粒体标志物COXⅣ显著增加;线粒体呼吸链复合物ComplexⅠ表达显著升高。结论:8周HIIT激活了中年小鼠心肌自噬/线粒体自噬信号通路,增加了线粒体数量,改善线粒体呼吸功能。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50572032)
文摘The boron-doped type-Ib gem diamond crystals were synthesized successfully by adding amorphous boron into a system of graphite and Kovar catalyst under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT).The effect of additive boron on type-Ib gem diamond was extensively studied including the growth characteristic,morphology and nitrogen concentration.The synthesized boron-doped type-Ib gem diamond crystals were characterized by optical microscope (OM),scanning electron microscope (SEM) and infrared spectrometer (IR).The results show that the growth region of the {111} face becomes wide,whereas the growth region of the {100} face becomes narrow and nearly disappears as increasing additive boron in the sample.The crystal will be opaque and imperfect,and the concentration of nitrogen will be decreased when the boron atoms are incorporated into gem diamond lattice.These techniques are very important and will be widely applied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50801030 and 50731006)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials of Jilin University (Grant No.201201)
文摘A growth-type polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) was synthesized under high temperature and high pressure (HPHT). The infiltration technique was used with an Fe55Ni29Co16 (KOV) alloy as the sintering solvent. The morphology and weight ratio of the PDC were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). Note that the KOV alloy evenly infiltrated throughout the polycrystalline diamond (PCD) layer and WC-Co substrate in a short sintering time due to its low viscosity and high soakage capability. A transition layer confirmed the presence of the MxC phase near the interface of the PDC, which can make the diamond layer and WC-Co substrate combine as a complex material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) performed on the PCD layer confirmed the presence of cubic diamond, WC, cubic CoCx, the high temperature cubic phase of α-Co, the alloy phase of FeNix, and no graphite phase. Besides, a surface residual stress of the PCD layer, measured with reasonable accuracy using micro-Raman spectroscopy, is found to be a homogeneous compressive stress with an average value of 0.16 GPa, much lower than that of the powders-mixing method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50572032 and 50731006)
文摘High-quality type-Ib tower-shape diamond single crystals were synthesized in cubic anvil high pressure apparatus (SPD-6×1200) at 5.4 GPa and 1250-1450°C. The (100) face of seed crystal was used as the growth face, and FeNiMnCo alloy was used as the solvent/catalyst. Two kinds of carbon diffusing fields (type-B and type-G) were simulated by finite element method (FEM). Using the two kinds of carbon diffusing fields, many diamond single crystals were synthesized. The effects of carbon diffusing fields on the crystal quality and β value (the ratio of height to diameter of diamond crystal) were studied. The results show that using type-B diffusing field, considerable inclusions appeared in tower-shape diamond crystals with high β values; however, using type- G diffusing field, inclusions were reduced markedly in high β values tower-shape diamond crystals, and the crystal, up to 0.6 carat in weight and 5.3 mm in size, was synthesized. Experimental phenomena were explained well with the help of the FEM.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50572032, 50731006)
文摘Type Ib diamonds were grown by the temperature gradient method (TGM) at 5.5 GPa and 1500-1560 K in a china-type cubic anvil high pressure apparatus using Ni70Mn25Co5 alloy as solvent/catalyst. The concentration of nitrogen (CN) in type Ib diamonds synthesized at different synthesis temperatures was measured by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The dependence of CN in diamond on synthesis temperature was studied. For the type Ib diamonds synthesized using Ni70Mn25Co5 as catalyst, its CN decreases along with the increase of synthesis temperature.
